Making the Cultural Landscape: Neolithic and Bronze Age Communities on Polish Lowland and their Environment (original) (raw)
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Open Archaeology 7, 2021
The purpose of this paper is the presentation of the settlement of the first farming communities of the Linear Pottery culture in the Polish lowlands. A case study of three neighboring micro-regions excavated on a large scale in eastern Kuyavia was conducted, which offered the possibility of analyzing various levels of the settlement. Based on the results obtained a local model of the LBK occupation in Kuyavia could be reconstructed. I argue that despite some regional variability a very general common settlement pattern existed for the whole LBK consisting of an iconic longhouse as the basic unit, the presence of micro-regional clusters of more or less contemporary sites, and the preference for regions with optimal environmental conditions. However, a detailed comparison within and between separate sites in the study area revealed some degree of variability inside this supposedly homogeneous pattern which can indicate the existence of different social units among small regional communities and their changes over time.
The longhouses of Bandkeramik. Do we know all about them? ________________________ 95 The TRB culture settlement in the middle Tążyna Valley: a case study __________________ 105 Die neolithische Besiedlungsgeschichte im Raum Flintbek und die Bedeutung der Wagenspuren vor dem Hintergrund neuer Datierungen ___________________________ 121 Investigations in 2012 of the southern part of the Funnel Beaker culture temenos at Słonowice near the Małoszówka river. Fourth report ______________________________ 139 Settlement of the Globular Amphora Culture at Site 6 in Lekarzewice near Osłonki in Kuyavia (Poland) _____________________________________________________________ 163 The lost settlements -one from the visible problems in the research on the Final Neolithic in southern Poland ______________________________________________________________ 173 Stable settlements of the Trzciniec Cultural Circle in the Polish uplands and lowlands ____ 185 Pueblo culture settlement structure in the central Mesa Verde Region, Utah-Colorado in the Thirteenth Century A.D. ___________________________________________________ 193 Man and mountains. Settlement and economy of Neolithic communities in the Eastern part of the Polish Carpathians ____________________________________________________ 225 Settlement and economy of the TRB in Lesser Poland: transformation or continuity? _____ 245 Open-Range Cattle Grazing and the Spread of Farming In Neolithic Central Europe _____ 261 The flint raw materials economy in Lesser Poland during the Eneolithic Period: the Lublin-Volhynian culture and the Funnel Beaker culture __________________________ 275 The importance of leguminous plants in the diet of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age inhabitants of Little Poland ______________________________________________________ 295 Mechanics of the semi-nomadic economy __________________________________________ 303 On the Holocene vegetation history of Brandenburg and Berlin _______________________ 311
PlosOne, 2020
The appearance of the Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) on Poland territory initiated the process of neolithization in the area. However, as we will see in this article, this colonization took place later than previously thought. The stage, which in Poland is called as the early phase, actually corresponds only to the Fomborn/Ačkovy stage of LBK, and the earliest dating currently indicates around 5350 BC. Due to the small number of sites from this phase excavated on a large scale in Poland, this stage of the culture's development is poorly known. The Gwoździec Project is focused on the earliest stage of LBK settlement in southeastern Poland. Excavation at the site was finished in 2018. Therefore, the article presents preliminary results of interdisciplinary analyzes, such as research on ceramics, flint production and use, and botanical remains. They point to various aspects of the economy of these early agricultural communities and significantly enrich the knowledge of this period in Central Europe. They also expose the chronological development of the oldest LBK development stage in Poland.
The Structure of Linear Pottery Culture Settlement in South-Eastern Poland
In: Kadrow S. and Włodarczak P. (eds.), Environment and subsistence – forty years after Janusz Kruk’s „Settlement studies…” (= Studien zur Archäologie in Ostmitteleuropa / Studia nad Pradziejami Europy Środkowej 11). Rzeszów, Bonn: Mitel & Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, 69-84, 2013
The longhouses of Bandkeramik. Do we know all about them? ________________________ 95 The TRB culture settlement in the middle Tążyna Valley: a case study __________________ 105 Die neolithische Besiedlungsgeschichte im Raum Flintbek und die Bedeutung der Wagenspuren vor dem Hintergrund neuer Datierungen ___________________________ 121 Investigations in 2012 of the southern part of the Funnel Beaker culture temenos at Słonowice near the Małoszówka river. Fourth report ______________________________ 139 Settlement of the Globular Amphora Culture at Site 6 in Lekarzewice near Osłonki in Kuyavia (Poland) _____________________________________________________________ 163 The lost settlements -one from the visible problems in the research on the Final Neolithic in southern Poland ______________________________________________________________ 173 Stable settlements of the Trzciniec Cultural Circle in the Polish uplands and lowlands ____ 185 Pueblo culture settlement structure in the central Mesa Verde Region, Utah-Colorado in the Thirteenth Century A.D. ___________________________________________________ 193 Man and mountains. Settlement and economy of Neolithic communities in the Eastern part of the Polish Carpathians ____________________________________________________ 225 Settlement and economy of the TRB in Lesser Poland: transformation or continuity? _____ 245 Open-Range Cattle Grazing and the Spread of Farming In Neolithic Central Europe _____ 261 The flint raw materials economy in Lesser Poland during the Eneolithic Period: the Lublin-Volhynian culture and the Funnel Beaker culture __________________________ 275 The importance of leguminous plants in the diet of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age inhabitants of Little Poland ______________________________________________________ 295 Mechanics of the semi-nomadic economy __________________________________________ 303 On the Holocene vegetation history of Brandenburg and Berlin _______________________ 311
2013
This paper intends to explore various aspects of the economic archaeology of Late Neolithic communities, including the production, distribution and consumption of food and goods. The area of reference is the western part of the Polish Lowland located between the Vistula, Oder, Noteć and Warta rivers. The stage of prehistory referred to covers the period of 3500 to 2500 cal BC. The beginning of the period is marked by the rise of Late Neolithic settlement structures, social organisation and economic strategies on the Lowland, while the end of the period under study coincides with their re-organisation.
The Neolithic Landscapes of the Polish Lowlands. Earthen Long-Barrows and Their Histories
This article discusses the social and ideological changes in early farming communities inhabiting the Polish Lowlands at the turn of 5th and 4th millennium BC. Remains of eroded earthen long-barrows of Funnel Beaker Culture are being widely recorded in the territories of Linear cultures in Cuiavia and in Greater Poland. Their appearance marks the constitution of a new, competitive model of society, visible and negotiated in the landscape. Thus, barrows are seen here as large elongated imitations of long houses of contemporary Late Band Pottery Culture. Cemeteries of Neolithic monuments became places of ceremonial activities for centuries and played an important religious role until the time of Christianization. Keywords: earthen long-barrows, long houses, landscape, social change
When we explore the meaning of the title, we face the question what relationships between human communities and their environment to define. Most often scholars speak of human impact as a factor that changes the primeval natural environment. But we would like to use a more complex definition of human impact that consists of at least four aspects: perception, use, transformation (change) and creation. People first perceive the natural environment and identify its resources. Then they use the environment and natural resources and change or transform its elements, but also create some new components of the environment. Using and changing the primeval natural environment, people create as well a new quality marked by a landscape that is no longer natural but rather cultural instead , in which we have grown up, too.
[in:] From farmers to heroes?: archaeological studies in honor of Slawomir Kadrow, ed by. M. Dębiec, J. Górski, J. Müller, M. Nowak, A. Pelisiak, T. Saile, and P. Włodarczak, Dr. Rudolf Habelt 2022, vol. 376, Universitätsforschungen zur Prähistorischen Archäologie, pp. 121–131., 2022
The paper aims to sum up the current state of knowledge on the sites of the first farming communities linked with the Linear Band Pottery culture (LBK) on the northern fringes of the Kampinos Forest in Mazovia, which in terms of physical geography means in the Warsaw Basin region. Disregarding the archival sites of unknown locations, 14 LBK sites are currently known from the area, of which two have been excavated on a small scale. Their collective presentation is an important voice in the discussion on the Neolithization of the Polish Lowlands and, more broadly, on the nature of migration and settlement of the earliest Danubian communities in Central Europe. The sparse LBK remains long known from the Warsaw Basin (and, more broadly, Mazovia) have been presented in the literature as accidental, isolated traces of short-term occupation, stopovers on the journey from the loess uplands of Lesser Poland along the Vistula River to the ultimate destination of Kuyavia with its fertile black earths. However, a review of the results of the research carried out to date suggests the LBK remains in the Warsaw Basin should instead be interpreted as a small settlement microregion, comprised of about a dozen small but permanent settlements. Further research can be expected to reveal the temporal extent of this occupation. This study is meant as the first step in that direction, and as a call for undertaking more such research in the region.