Traditional uses of dispersed trees in the pastures of the mountainous region of Tabasco, Mexico (original) (raw)

Árboles y arbustos forrajeros de la región norte-tzotzil de Chiapas, México Fodder trees and shrubs of the north-tzotzil region of Chiapas, Mexico

2008

Trees and shrubs have been recognized as a strategic resource to improve cattle systems. The objective of the present study was to identify woody species with fodder potential for the cattle systems in the northern mountains region of Chiapas, Mexico, incorporating the farmers' perceptions, chemical-nutritional analysis, and in vitro and in situ digestibility assays of the foliage. Through participatory workshops, the farmers recognized 60 useful woody species within the grazing areas. Of these, 18 are consumed by the cattle and they have multiple uses. Based on the perception and qualifi cation of the farmers, the most promising fodder trees with the potential to be incorporated in a silvopastoral system were identifi ed:

Use of Multipurpose Trees and Shrubs in Forestry and Agroforestry Systems in Northeastern Mexico

Multipurpose trees (MPTs) and shrubs are woody (or firewood) trees that are deliberately grown and managed for more than one substantial contribution such as products or service functions to the land-use systems in which they are grown. They may supply food, wood, firewood, forage and nitrogen to the soil providing habitat, shade or soil improvement. In most cases multipurpose trees and shrubs have a primary role such as being part of a living fence, a windbreak, or used in an ally cropping system. In addition to this they will have one or more secondary roles, most often serving to supply a family with food, firewood, and forage. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the lecturer with the diverse uses of multipurpose trees and shrubs of tropical and subtropical areas for forestry and agroforestry activities and their adaptation to the environmental conditions of semiarid zones of northeastern Mexico. The main objective of the chapter is to distinguish the diverse roles that M...

Initial growth of multi-purpose forest species in a livestock land at the north of Veracruz

Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Forestales, 2011

Héctor manuel de los santos posadas 1 , Víctor manuel Cetina alcalá 1 y lázaro rafael sánchez Velásquez 2 resumen se evaluó el crecimiento inicial en altura y diámetro de siete especies arbóreas multipropósito en un terreno ganadero del municipio de tihuatlán, Veracruz; se usaron tres diseños de plantación con una proporción 6:3:1 y un arreglo en "tres bolillo", con una distancia de 3 m entre columnas y de 1.5 m para las líneas con el propósito de obtener una cobertura superior de las especies a estudiar. el crecimiento en altura mediante el modelo de covarianza fue significativamente (p<0.0001) mayor que el crecimiento en diámetro para todas las especies y durante el tiempo de medición (330 días). las tres que presentaron la tasa más alta de crecimiento promedio en altura fueron Cordia dodecandra (0.14 cm día-1), Tabebuia rosea (0.073 cm día-1) y Guazuma ulmifolia (0.027 cm día-1), mientras que la mayor tasa de crecimiento promedio en diámetro fue para C. dodecandra y T. rosea (0.046 mm día-1), Cedrela odorata (0.028 mm día-1) y G. ulmifolia (0.023 mm día-1). el efecto del daño por desecación (pérdida de la yema apical) sólo fue significativo (p>0.05) en la altura de Brosimum alicastrum (0.0024 cm día-1 , p<0.0202) y T. rosea (-0.051 cm día-1 , p<0.0001); sin embargo, estos dos taxa pudieron resistir condiciones ambientales adversas (ausencia de precipitación y altas temperaturas) en alguna etapa de su desarrollo inicial sin comprometer su crecimiento posterior. la supervivencia fue del 98.4%. palabras clave: altura a la yema apical, daño por desecación, diámetro al cuello de la raíz, modelo de covarianza, plantación mixta, supervivencia. abstraCt the initial growth in height and diameter was evaluated for seven multipurpose tree species in a livestock land of tihuatlán, Veracruz, méxico, through three plantation designs with a proportion 6:3:1 and an arrangement "tres bolillo" with a distance of three meters between columns and 1.5 between lines to obtain a major covering of the species to investigate. the growth in height through the covariance model was significantly (p<0.0001) higher than the growth in diameter for all the species and during the time that were measured (330 days). the three species which had the higher growth rate in height were: Cordia dodecandra (0.14 cm day-1), Tabebuia rosea (0.073 cm day-1) and Guazuma ulmifolia (0.027 cm day-1); whereas the higher growth rates in diameter were for: C. dodecandra y T. rosea (0.046 mm day-1), Cedrela odorata (0.028 mm day-1) and G. ulmifolia (0.023 mm día-1). the effect of damage for withering (lost of the apical bud) only was significant (p<0.05) in height of Brosimum alicastrum (0.0024 cm day-1 , p<0.0202) y T. rosea (-0.051 cm day-1 , p<0.0001); however, in both species the damages could bear several atmospheric conditions (absence of precipitation and/or high temperatures) in some stage of their initial growth without to reach preventing their posterior growth. the survival was of 98.4 %.

Natural regeneration of tree species in pastures on peasant land in Chiapas, Mexico

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2017

In recent decades, large forested areas in southern Mexico have been degraded and even eliminated, often due to conversion of these areas to pastures for cattle grazing. Silvopastoral systems combine livestock raising with tree use, favor conservation of biological diversity, and provide a variety of services to the environment and to farmers. In this study, we evaluated tree regeneration in cattle pastures in the Tulijá River Valley of Chiapas, Mexico. We argue that density of seedlings/saplings in the pastures studied is associated with the density of adult trees, with the type of dominant grass (induced or introduced), and with the practice of weeding around seedlings and saplings. We sampled trees in pastures according to categories of size, as well as herbaceous vegetation in 35 cattle pastures, and interviewed farmers with respect to their practices of weeding around seedlings and saplings. We evaluated specieś capacity for regeneration, and classified species as having adequate or limited natural regeneration capacity (ANR and LNR, respectively). Furthermore, we constructed a generalized least squares model to identify whether density of adult trees, type of grass cover (induced vs. introduced), and farmerś practice of weeding affect the density of seedlings and saplings of tree species. Finally, we identified dispersal agents of each tree species recorded and then compared the relative abundance of seedlings/saplings with adult trees for each dispersal agent, using chi-square goodness-of-fit test. In the 35 cattle pastures, we found 17 species (28%) with ANR capacity, 90% of which belonged to secondary vegetation, and 44 species (72%) with LNR capacity; most of these belonged to late successional tree species. Density of seedlings/saplings was positively associated with density of adult trees and the practice of manual weeding. The greatest abundance of seedlings/saplings corresponded to species dispersed by cattle, followed by those dispersed by wind. For adult trees, the most common type of dispersal was by wind, followed by cattle. These results suggest that native tree species are principally dispersed by cattle and wind, and cattle have a positive effect on the regeneration capacity of the most abundant tree species in the pastures studied. We conclude that Chol Mayan silvopastoral management practices in the study communities in Chiapas, Mexico allow for and promote regeneration of native tree species, most of which belong to secondary vegetation, although some belong to late successional species. These simple management practices allow for harvesting some trees in the pasture while also maintaining the regeneration process.

Crecimiento Inicial De Especies Arbóreas Multipropósito en Un Terreno Ganadero Del Norte De V Eracruz Initial Growth of Multi-Purpose Forest Species in a Livestock Land at T He North of Veracruz

2011

Tree Cover on Cattle Farms in the Southeast Region of Guatemala

2019

Often livestock activity is related to deforestation and loss of natural resources such as soil and water quality and quantity. The strategies that come from this perception seek the minimization of livestock effect of greenhouse gas emissions into the environment. Silvopastoral systems is been used as an alternative to increase tree cover on livestock farms, mitigate the effects of climate change, and make farmers more resilient to these. Tree cover plays an important role inside of this system, they can help with the optimization of the land use on the farm and it provides socioeconomical and environmental benefits to the farmers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize livestock farms and the floristic composition of tree cover in the southeast region of Guatemala. This region belongs to the dry corridor of Central America and present high vulnerability to drought. Thirty farms were selected using seven criteria, on each farms a socioeconomical survey was applied to recollect biophysical, socioeconomical and productive information. Two groups of farms were identified: 1) farms with high level technological innovation (HLTI) and 2) farms with low level of technological innovation (LLTI). Tree data were obtained from individuals with diameter above breast height (DBH) of >5 cm. Composition, richness and abundance of tree species were evaluated using Q-Hill Diversity Index. Seven land uses were identified: scattered trees in paddocks, natural forest, agrisilvicultural systems, fodder banks, forest plantations, riparian forest and living fences. Study area were 790 ha in which there were 143 plots distributed randomly, living fences were present in 1.691 km (169.1 ha) with 44 transects. A total of 4,678 trees, from 37 families and 83 species, were found in the area. The most abundant families were Fabaceae and Pinaceae. The most common tree species for timber were Pinus spp and Quercus spp and for non-timber were Gliricidia sepium and Acacia pennatula. It was found that 77.27% of the total inventory is dominated by ten species. We conclude that farmers consider tree cover of importance, this is reflected in the 29% of tree cover found inside of natural forests, 26.2% in scattered trees in paddocks and 7.9% in forest plantations. There were marked differences of richness by individuals, density of species accumulated by land use and diametrical class.

Initial growth of multi-purpose forest species in a livestock land at the North of Veracruz (Español and English)

The initial growth in height and diameter was evaluated for seven multipurpose tree species in a livestock land of Tihuatlán, Veracruz, México, through three plantation designs with a proportion 6:3:1 and an arrangement “tres bolillo” with a distance of three meters between columns and 1.5 between lines to obtain a major covering of the species to investigate. The growth in height through the covariance model was significantly (p<0.0001) higher than the growth in diameter for all the species and during the time that were measured (330 days). The three species which had the higher growth rate in height were: Cordia dodecandra (0.14 cm day-1), Tabebuia rosea (0.073 cm day-1) and Guazuma ulmifolia (0.027 cm day-1); whereas the higher growth rates in diameter were for: C. dodecandra y T. rosea (0.046 mm day-1), Cedrela odorata (0.028 mm day-1) and G. ulmifolia (0.023 mm día-1). The effect of damage for withering (lost of the apical bud) only was significant (p<0.05) in height of Brosimum alicastrum (0.0024 cm day-1, p<0.0202) y T. rosea (-0.051 cm day-1, p<0.0001); however, in both species the damages could bear several atmospheric conditions (absence of precipitation and/or high temperatures) in some stage of their initial growth without to reach preventing their posterior growth. The survival was of 98.4 %.

Aprovechamiento forestal y diversidad arbórea en seis ejidos de Quintana Roo

2020

Timber forestry in southern Mexico is a common practice since Mayan civilization, through traditional uses, forest concessions and up to communal land tenure. Currently, half of Quintana Roo ´s ejidos are focused on timber forestry use, mainly on middle evergreen subtropical forests, the greatest kind of vegetation cover. This aim of this study was to determine forestry diversity in 14 forests in the south of Yucatan Peninsula with different age, management and conservation practices: six forestry sites in Quintana Roo and eight in other places. 10 plots of 500 m2 per site were analyzed, in which the tree species were taxonomically identified and the diameter at height was measured in specimens from 7.5 cm to 1.30 m above the ground. A richness of 156 tree species with relative abundance, dominance and importance was determined, contrasting between sites. A similarity analysis was carried out for the 14 sites by the Bray Curtis method, which was made up of three groups: the first by...

EFECTO DE LA GANADERÍA EN LA COMPOSICIÓN Y DIVERSIDAD ARBÓREA Y ARBUSTIVA DEL MATORRAL ESPINOSO TAMAULIPECO, EFFECT OF LIVESTOCK IN THE COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF TREES AND SHRUBS IN THE TAMAULIPAN THORNSCRUB

El pastoreo se realiza en 26% de la superficie terrestre; mientras que la producción de forrajes en 33% de las tierras de cultivo agrícola. En México, la ganadería es la actividad productiva más común en el medio rural: abarca 110 millones de hectáreas; es decir, 56% del territorio nacional. El matorral es el ecosistema más abundante e históricamente del que se obtiene mayor número de productos en las zonas ári das y semiári das del país. La presente i nvestigación eval uó el i mpacto de la ganadería en la composición y diversi dad en diferentes áreas del Matorral Espi noso Tamaul i peco. Se seleccionaron tres: Referencia, Regeneración y Ganadería; y se establecieron cuatro sitios de muestreo de 1 600 m 2 en cada una. Se determinaron variables estructurales de abundancia, dominancia, frecuencia e Índice de Valor de Importancia; además se estimaron los índices de riqueza de especies, diversidad alfa y beta. Se registraron 22 especies, distribuidas en 20 géneros y 14 familias. El peso ecológico estuvo representado en el área de Referencia por Diospyros texana, en la de Regeneración por Acacia farnesiana y en la de Ganadería por Prosopis laevigata. El estudio revela que la ganadería disminuye significativamente la abundancia, dominancia y diversidad alfa de las comunidades arbóreas y arbustivas, y que las resultantes muestran una baja similitud de especies.

Traditional uses of dispersed trees in the pastures of the mountainous region of Tabasco, Mexico (original) (raw)

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