TÜRK DÜNYASI UYGULAMA ve ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ HALK SAĞLIĞI DERGİSİ TÜRK CUMHURİYETLERİNDE TOPLUM YAŞLANMASININ SOSYODEMOGRAFİK VE EKONOMİK ÖZELLİKLER AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ (original) (raw)
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Objective: This study aimed to determine, knowledge, attitude and satisfaction of people over the age of 18 admitted to some family health centers in Ankara about Community Health Centers. Methods: The participants of this study are 1218 people over the age of 18 admitted to some family health centers in Ankara. We conducted face to face interviews using a questionnarie with 37 questions. Results: 56.1% of the participants were female and 43.9% were male. Participants who have never heard name of CHC were 60.5%. 81.3% of participants did not know location of CHC and 88.9% did not visit CHC for any reason. 1.9% declared that CHC officials came to visit them. Statistically significant difference was found between educational status and status hearing name of CHC (p<0.05). 7.1% who have never attended school declared that they heard name of CHC, this frequency increased with educational status and participants who graduated from university was %53. Conclusion: It is seen that the participants don't know Community Health Centers and their services. Public should arrive CHC easily. CHC should be public nested with health care plans for protection and promotion. CHC have to collabrate with public for fulfillment of the missions.
Generally environment regarded as a media which living things coexist together, on the other hand, in terms of human environment, it is social, physical, chemical and biological media maintain relations throughout life of individuals, and therefore community and interact with each other. In terms of environmental pollution, although industrial revolution in the 19th century hold responsible for the beginning of pollution, mankind has polluted the environment since its existence. Since environmental problems are an integral part of each other and other social problems, various economic, social and political conditions must be taken into consideration in solution. Environmental problems are not only local dimensions, they are global effects. Therefore, the concept of sustainable development on the one hand, environmental laws related regulations on the other side, the international work related to the environment and related contracts have become obligatory. Key words: Enviromental Health, Contract, Sustainable Development
Today there are approximately 250 million international and 763 million national immigrants all over the world. Outward migrations to Turkey are mostly from Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq. The status of Syrians in Turkey is formed as temporary protection who do not have refugee request., The number of Syrians in our country is 3,22 million by the date of October 2017 and the number of refugees and asylum seekers from non-Syrian countries is 315,643 by the date of June 2017. Migrant groups carry their own health problems which do not exist before on the places they migrated. The substructure and potential of the migrated country may not be enough to solve the problems of immigrants. In addition, the lack health insurance, language disability and low socioeconomic level make these people unable to benefit from health care services. It is very important to provide preventive health services to migrants. The records of the population should be kept on regular basis, problems of population at risk should be identified. Immunization, maternal and child health should be considered. Environmental health must be improved, clean food and water must be provided, suitable environment of accommodation must be provided to prevent new diseases. Keywords: Migration, Migrant Health, Syrian, Refugee, Asylum Seeker
Maternal and child health indicators are very susceptible to socioeconomic variations and health care interventions of countries. Based on this, the aim of the study was to determine the economic and fertility indicators that could be related to infant, child and maternal mortality rates in the Turkish Republics with social, cultural and economic cooperation among them. This study is an ecologic research which deals the evaluation of economic indicators (gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, health expenditure per capita, unemployment percentage of total labor force) and fertility indicators (crude birth rate, total fertility rate) which affect health indicators related to mother and child health (infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, under 5 mortality rate and maternal mortality rate) in Turkish Republics. The obtained data were evaluated via computarized IBM SPSS (version 20.0) statistical package program. In this study, the relationship between economic and fertility indicators which effect infant mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, under 5 years mortality rate and maternal mortality rate was calculated by using the Spearman correlation coefficient following the expansion of the data according to the population. Statistical significance was accepted as p <0.05. In the Turkish Republics, infant, child and maternal mortality rates decrease as the GDP per capita and health expenditure per capita increase. Infant, child and maternal mortality rates increase as the percentage of unemployment, crude birth rate and total fertility rate increases. It is important to share experience in the Turkish Republics for effective care to prevent mother and child deaths. Cross-sectoral cooperation should be provided at every stage of health and economic fields. Key words: Health İndicators, Maternal Mortality Rate, İnfant Mortality Rate, Crude Birth Rate, Turkish Republics
TÜRK DÜNYASI UYGULAMA ve ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ HALK SAĞLIĞI DERGİSİ DİYABET HASTALIĞININ EKONOMİK YÜKÜ
2018
Diyabet, insülin üretimi ya da kullanımında meydana gelen patolojilerden kaynaklanan ciddi kronik bir hastalıktır. Geçtiğimiz birkaç dekadda diyabet prevelansı artarak, 21.yüzyılın en büyük küresel salgınlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Diyabet ve diyabete bağlı oluşan komplikasyonların yol açtığı sorunlarla yaşayan insan sayısı her geçen yıl giderek artmakta ve büyük bir ekonomik yük oluşturmaktadır. Bu yükün maliyetinin hesaplanmasında direkt ve indirekt olmak üzere 2 bileşen vardır. Dünya çapında diyabetin yıllık direkt maliyeti 825 milyar dolardır. Diyabetli popülasyonun %75.4'ü düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerde yaşamakta ancak diyabete yönelik küresel sağlık harcamalarının sadece %19'u bu ülkelere harcanmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün 2016 diyabet raporuna göre, toplam küresel diyabet harcamalarındaki artışın devam etmesi beklenmektedir. Risk faktörleri ve sonradan ortaya çıkan hastalıkların erken dönemde başlayabileceği göz önüne alındığında, prematur ölümlerin önlenmesi, yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi ve sağlık sistemi üzerindeki ekonomik yükün azaltılması için hastalık önleme ve sağlığı geliştirme çalışmalarının yapılması bir gerekliliktir. Anahtar Kelimeler: diyabet, maliyet, sağlık harcaması THE ECONOMIC BURDEN OF DIABETES Abstract Diabetes is a serious chronic disease caused by pathologies of production or use of insulin. In the past few decades, the prevelance of diabetes has been increased and became one of the greatest global epidemics of the 21st century. The number of people living with the problems caused by diabetes and diabetes-related complications are increasing every year and occur a great economic burden. In calculation of the cost of this burden include two components named direct and indirect. The worldwide direct cost of diabetes is 825 billion dollars. Although 75,4% of the population who have diabetes live in low and middle income countries and only 19% of the worldwide health expenditures for these countries. According to report of the World Health Organization 2016 about diabetes, it is expected that the health expenditures for diabetes will continue by increasing. Considering the risk factors and subsequent disease may begin at early stage, it is essential to prevent disease and improve health promotion research for preventing of premature deaths, upgrading of the quality of life and reducing the economic burden on the health care system.
The aim of the study was to investigate attitudes and behaviors related to rational drug use in adults who applied to family health centers in semirural areas. Two Community Health Center (CHC) regions were randomly selected from the four CHC regions of the Eskişehir Osmangazi University (EOU) Educational Research Zone by cluster sampling method. A total of 768 adult were recruited to the family health centers within the selected CHC regions during the survey. The first part of the questionnaire used to collect data consisted of questions about the participants' sociodemographic and background characteristics and the second part consisted thirteen questions about attitudes and behaviors related to rational drug use. The rational drug use behavior in the study was defined as the use of the amount prescribed by the physician. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. The mean age of the 768 participants was between 18 and 87 years and the mean ± SD was 41.9 ± 14.5 years. 90.6% of participants reported using drug without prescribed by a physician. Painkillers were the most often taken without a prescription. The incidence of irrational drug use in the study group was 53.4%. In the study group, irrational drug use behavior was found risky below 40 years of age, males and with poor income levels. Participants in the study were found inadequate of rational drug use, especially in younger age.It has been concluded that health education should be given to acquire positive attitudes and behaviors related to rational drug use by individuals and it would be appropriate to put nonrational drug behaviors into the provision of primary health care services to patients. Key words: rational drug; attitude; behavior
SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE KALİTE YÖNETİMİ TÜRK DÜNYASI UYGULAMA ve ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ HALK SAĞLIĞI DERGİSİ
Health services are a kind of service that can not be deferred and can not be passed on, including the whole society, not being evaluated personally. It is known that the first studies on the development of qualifications in health care have adopted Total Quality Management, which started in 1913 with standards developed for patient care quality and auditing in the United States and first started in manufacturing industries in 1990s. It is important for the protection of human and community health that every work done in health services is right at the beginning. Key words: Health, quality, management
SITMA AŞILARINDAKİ GELİŞMELER TÜRK DÜNYASI UYGULAMA ve ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ HALK SAĞLIĞI DERGİSİ
Malaria continues to be a major public health problem in tropical regions. In the struggling against malaria, significant achievements have been obtained with the spread of present malaria control precautions since 2000. Hovewer causes such as existing areas limited access to these precautions and insecticide and multidrug resistance exhibits an effective vaccine against malaria is required for struggling and eliminating malaria. RTS, S / AS01 is only vaccine at phase 3 evaluation has been done and planned to do pilot impelementation and the vaccine is 5-10 years ahead than other vaccines. Understanding and eliminating possible deficiencies with pilot implementation, and if necessary combining with other precautions will contribute the elimination goal. If the trend in declining malaria morbidity and mortality continues, it is likely that research will be directed to P. vivax in coming years. Key words: Malaria, Vaccine, Pre-Erythrocytic Vaccine, Blood-Phase Vaccine, Vaccine-Preventing Vaccine
ABSTRACT Our world has been exposed to a great and rapid change in the social economic, cultural and political fields with the transition process to information society. These alteration and revolution process has affected all social structure and institutions. One of the institutions affected by this change wave is the public libraries. The public libraries are social institutions that present cultural, educational and information services to the individuals from every segments of the society without making any kind of discriminations. The social institutions are both affected by this change and affect this change. The public libraries have been both affected by and affected these change and revolution process in the information society. There have been radical changes in the user, technical and managerial services which are the main services of public libraries with the transition process to information society. In same process, the public libraries have had to redefine and reconstruct the main elements of public libraries such as the collection, user, staff, building and budget elements with a new perspective with the innovations that the information society and information technologies have brought. In this study, a survey, which include 81 public libraries in Turkey and 277 librarians and library managers in these libraries, and 28 regional public libraries in Bulgaria and 136 librarians and library managers in these libraries, have been carried out to find out the current situations of the public libraries in Turkey and Bulgaria and get the opinions of the librarians and library managers, which work in these libraries, about the role and place of the public libraries in the passing process to the information society. In the last part of the study, some results have been reached according to the data gained from the surveys and the suggestions have been made in accordance with the results gained.