Evaluation in beef cattle of six deoxyribonucleic acid markers developed for dairy traits reveals an osteopontin polymorphism associated with postweaning growth (original) (raw)
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Effects of the Osteopontin Gene Variants on Milk Production Traits in Dairy Cattle
Journal of Dairy Science, 2005
Osteopontin (OPN) is a highly phosphorylated glycoprotein whose gene has been cloned and sequenced in different species. Several whole genome scans have identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting milk production traits on bovine chromosome 6 close to the osteopontin gene (OPN) location. The presence of OPN in milk and its elevated expression in mammary gland epithelial cells together with previous QTL studies have prompted us to investigate the effects of OPN variants on milk production traits in the Holstein dairy cattle population. A single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 4 (C/T) was detected and primers were designed to amplify genomic DNA from 1362 bulls obtained from Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository and from 214 cows from the University of Wisconsin herd. For the Repository population, the C allele was associated with an increase in milk protein percentage and milk fat percentage. Correlation between milk protein percentage and milk fat percentage was about 0.57. For the University of Wisconsin herd, the estimates of the effects of allele C were in the same direction as for the Repository population, although these estimates did not reach statistical significance. Our results are consistent with other studies that showed a significant association of the microsatellite markers in the region of OPN with milk protein percentage and other correlated traits.
Italian Journal of Animal Science
Studies into the polymorphism of the bovine osteopontin (OPN) gene have so far been focussed on the association between milk production and milk composition, lactation persistency and the rate of growth and weight gain in young cattle. Results obtained by some authors have shown different associations for various milk parameters. Even though osteopontin is an essential component of immunological response, the relationship between the polymorphism of the osteopontin gene and the incidence of diseases in cows has not been researched as yet. The purpose of this study was to analyse the c.8514 C > T polymorphism and its association with milk parameters such as: average daily yield, average protein and fat percentage and average somatic cell count in Holstein-Friesian cattle. The study also included an analysis of the impact of polymorphism on the incidence of the most frequent cattle diseases such as: clinical mastitis (CM), ovarian cysts (OC), clinical hypocalcaemia (CH) and pyometra (P). The study population of cows was found to have two alleles in the analysed locus of the osteopontin gene: C (0.529) and T (0.471), and three genotypes: CC, CT and TT (0.288, 0.482 and 0.230, respectively). Although the study showed no significant association between the polymorphism of the OPN gene and the incidence of diseases or milk parameters, it is an important contribution to research aimed at identifying the most essential SNPs which could be used for marker-assisted selection in dairy cattle herds. HIGHLIGHTS The study population was found to have two alleles in the locus of the osteopontin gene (c.8514C>T): C and T, and three genotypes: CC, CT and TT. CT was the most frequent genotype of the osteopontin gene (c.8514C>T), identified in about 48% of the study population of cows. No significant differences were focused between the genotypes in the c.8514C>T locus and the milk parameters and the incidence of cattle diseases.
2007
Several studies have reported quantitative trait loci on chromosome 6 affecting milk production and composition traits in dairy cattle. Osteopontin (OPN) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PPARGC1A) genes have been located on this chromosome and identified as positional candidates for milk traits. We investigated the associations of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) T>C at position 1892 and SNP A>C at position 3359 in PPARGC1A gene as well as SNP C>T at position 8514 in OPN gene with milk production and composition. Hence, 398 Iranian Holstein cows were genotyped through polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The Least Squares methods were used to examine the effects of genotypes on milk traits. The frequencies of the C allele at position 1892, A allele at position 3359, and T allele at position 8514 were 0.56, 0.64, and 0.53, respectively. In this study, c.1892T>C genotypes indicated significant associations with milk fat content adjusted for two milkings per day (FAT P2X ; %), estimated breeding value for milk (EBV M ; kg), milk protein yield adjusted for mature body weight (PRO ME ; kg), milk protein yield adjusted for 305 days (PRO 305 ; kg) (P < 0.05), and estimated breeding value for milk fat content (EBV FP ; %) (P < 0.01). There were significant associations between c.3359A>C genotypes and FAT P2X , EBV FP (P < 0.01). Moreover, significant associations were shown between c.8514C>T genotypes in OPN gene and FAT P2X (P < 0.05), and PRO PER305 (P < 0.01). Thus, these SNPs would provide an excellent opportunity for marker assisted selection programs in dairy cattle.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2005
Bovine chromosome six (BTA6) harbors up to six quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing the milk production of dairy cattle. In stark contrast to human, there is long-range linkage disequilibrium in dairy cattle, which has previously made it difficult to identify the mutations underlying these QTL. Using 38 microsatellite markers in a pedigree of 3,147 Holstein bulls, we fine mapped regions of BTA6 that had previously been shown to harbor QTL. Next, we sequenced a 12.3-kb region harboring Osteopontin, a positional candidate for the statistically most significant of the identified QTL. Nine mutations were identified, and only genotypes for the OPN3907 indel were concordant with the QTL genotypes of eight bulls that were established by segregation analysis. Four of these mutations were genotyped, and a joint linkage͞linkage disequilibrium mapping analysis was used to demonstrate the existence of only two functionally distinct clusters of haplotypes within the QTL region, which were uniquely defined by OPN3907 alleles. We estimate a probability of 0.40 that no other mutation within this region is concordant with the QTL genotypes of these eight bulls. Finally, we demonstrate that the motif harboring OPN3907, which is upstream of the promoter and within a region known to harbor tissue-specific osteopontin regulatory elements, is moderately conserved among mammals. The motif was not retrieved from database queries and may be a novel regulatory element.
Genes
Osteogenesis is a developmental process critical for structural support and the establishment of a dynamic reservoir for calcium and phosphorus. Changes in livestock breeding over the past 100 years have resulted in earlier bone development and increased physical size of cattle. Advanced skeletal maturity is now commonly observed at harvest, with heifers displaying more mature bone than is expected at 30 months of age (MOA). We surmise that selection for growth traits and earlier reproductive maturity resulted in co-selection for accelerated skeletal ossification. This study examines the relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 793 beef heifers under 30 MOA with USDA-graded skeletal maturity phenotypes (A-, B-, C- skeletal maturity). Further, the estrogen content of FDA-approved hormonal implants provided to heifers prior to harvest was evaluated in association with the identified SNPs and maturities. Association tests were performed, and the impact of the implants ...
TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 2015
Introduction Genetic research in farm animals focuses mainly on the identification of genes influencing economically important traits that could be useful in breeding programs. In dairy cattle, most studies have researched the genes that may determine variations in milk yield and milk composition (Komisarek and Dorynek, 2009). The polymorphisms of several genes including growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) have been shown to affect milk yield and milk composition traits in dairy cattle. GH belongs to a family of somatolactogenic hormones including prolactin, placental lactogen, and a number of hematopoietic growth factors (Cosman et al., 1990). GH is located on the 19th chromosome in the q26-qter band region (Hediger et al., 1990). The GH gene of cattle is approximately 1800 bp in size and contains 5 exons and 4 introns. This gene encodes an mRNA with a size of 786 bp (Woychik et al., 1982). Although a number of polymorphisms have been observed in the GH gene of cattle, the 2 polymorphisms that are located in intron 3 and exon 5 have been found to be significant in their effects on milk and meat yield parameters (Lucy et al., 1991, 1993; Høj et al., 1993). The polymorphism in intron 3 of GH is observed when GH is digested by the restriction enzyme MspI (GH-MspI) (Zhang et al., 1993). Two alleles are observed as a result of digestion with this enzyme. The first allele, GH-MspI (-) contains a T insertion at the +837 position, and the second allele has a C-G transition at the +837 position (Lee et al., 1994). Zhang et al. (1993b) reported that the polymorphism in exon 5 could be observed when digested by the AluI enzyme (GH-AluI) and the 2 alleles called L (leucine in the 127th codon) and V (valine in the 127th codon) occur. The PRL gene is located on chromosome 23 and is composed of 5 exons and 4 introns (Camper et al., 1984, as cited by Skinkyte et al., 2005). A silent A-G mutation of the 103rd codon in exon 3 of the bovine PRL gene led to a polymorphic RsaI site (Lewin, 1992, as cited by Skinkyte et al., 2005). The polymorphism leading to the RsaI enzyme restriction site of the bovine PRL gene determines milk production traits including milk yield, milk fat, and milk protein contents (Lewin et al., 1992). The significant effect of the PRL locus on milk production traits was later shown by Chung et al. (1996, as cited by Dybus, 2002a) as well.
Associations of five genes with growth and maternal traits in line 1 Hereford cattle
1994
A total of 414 cattle representing the Line 1 Hereford population was genotyped for DNA polymorphisms in the Kappa Casein, Beta Lactoglobulin, Growth Hormone, Insulin-like Growth Factor I and. Pit-l genes. Two alleles for each gene were segregating in the population. Regression analysis was used to estimate the average effect of replacing an A allele with a B allele of each gene on expected progeny differences (EPD) for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight and maternal ability. Kappa-Casein allele substitution had significant effects on birth weight EPD and maternal EPD. accounting for 11% and 14% of the variation in EPD, respectively. These effects would be large enough to warrant further study for inclusion of Kappa-Casein genotype in a marker assisted selection program. Several other significant effects accounting for smaller percentages of variation in EPD were found.
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010
Growth hormone, produced in the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factor-I from the liver and is of critical importance in the control of nutrient utilization and partitioning for lactogenesis, fertility, growth, and development in cattle. The aim of this study was to discover novel polymorphisms in the bovine growth hormone gene (GH1) and to quantify their association with performance using estimates of genetic merit on 848 Holstein-Friesian AI (artificial insemination) dairy sires. Associations with previously reported polymorphisms in the bovine GH1 gene were also undertaken. A total of 38 novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified across a panel of 22 beef and dairy cattle by sequence analysis of the 5′ promoter, intronic, exonic, and 3′ regulatory regions, encompassing approximately 7 kb of the GH1 gene. Following multiple regression analysis on all SNP, associations were identified between 11 SNP (2 novel and 9 previously identified) and milk fat and protein yield, milk composition, somatic cell score, survival, body condition score, and body size. The G allele of a previously identified SNP in exon 5 at position 2141 of the GH1 sequence, resulting in a nonsynonymous substitution, was associated with decreased milk protein yield. The C allele of a novel SNP, GH32, was associated with inferior carcass conformation. In addition, the T allele of a previously characterized SNP, GH35, was associated with decreased survival. Both GH24 (novel) and GH35 were independently associated with somatic cell count, and 3 SNP, GH21, 2291, and GH35, were independently associated with body depth. Furthermore, 2 SNP, GH24 and GH63, were independently associated with carcass fat. Results of this study further demonstrate the multifaceted influences of GH1 on milk production, fertility, and growth-related traits in cattle.
Animal Genetics, 2009
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of polymorphisms in the acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1), leptin and growth hormone receptor genes on body energy (body condition score, total body energy content and cumulative effective energy balance) and blood metabolic traits (levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and non-esterified fatty acids), measured once before the first calving and then repeatedly throughout first lactation in 497 Holstein cows. The influence of the same polymorphisms on cow reproductive performance and health during the first and second lactations was also assessed. Several reproductive traits were considered including interval, conception and insemination traits, as well as incidence of metritis and reproductive problems. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP (DGAT1, leptin) or allele-specific PCR (growth hormone receptor). For each locus, the effect of allele substitution on body energy and blood metabolic traits was estimated using random regression models. The same effect on reproductive traits was assessed with single-trait mixed linear models. Significant (P < 0.05) effects on specific reproductive traits were observed. DGAT1 and growth hormone receptor alleles responsible for significant increases in milk production were found to have an adverse effect on reproduction, while the leptin allele responsible for significant increase in milk production was linked to marginally increased metritis frequency. Furthermore, the three studied loci were also found to significantly (P < 0.05) affect certain body energy and blood metabolic traits. Several associations are published for the first time, but these should be confirmed by other investigators before the polymorphisms are used in gene-assisted selection.