Biodiesel production by two-stage transesterification with ethanol (original) (raw)

2011, Bioresource Technology

A two-stage process consisting of two reactions steps with glycerin separation and ethanol/catalyst addition in each of them was optimized for ethyl esters production. The optimal reaction temperature was 55 °C. At an ethanol/oil molar ratio of 4.25:1 (25% v/v alcohol with respect to oil), a 99% conversion value was obtained with low ethanol consumption. In contrast to methoxide catalysts, sodium and potassium hydroxide catalysts severely complicate the purification since no phase separation took place under most conditions. With a total sodium methoxide concentration of 1.06 g catalyst/100 g oil, and adding 50% of the catalyst in each reaction step, biodiesel with a total glycerin content of 0.172% was obtained. The optimal conditions found in this study make it possible to use the same industrial facility to produce either methyl or ethyl esters.► High quality ethanol based biodiesel is produced carrying out the reaction in a two-stage process. ► Experimental conditions were selected in order to maximize the reaction conversion. ► The conversion as required in international quality standards are met with mild reaction conditions. ► Catalyst and alcohol consumptions are similar to those used in the methanol process.

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