MobiL-AUV: AUV-Aided Localization Scheme for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (original) (raw)
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MULTI-STAGE AUV-BASED LOCALIZATION FOR UNDERWATER WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
JEST Journal, 2015
Underwater Sensor Networks (USN) are used for harsh oceanographic missions where human operation is dangerous or impossible. Localization is essential for USNs. It is required for data tagging, node tracking and position-based routing algorithms. Localization is challenging because Global Positioning System (GPS) is not available in underwater; at the same time, existing GPS-less schemes based on fixed landmarks have high communication cost. Such cost is critical in Mobile Underwater Sensor Networks (MUSN), since sensor nodes drift with the ocean currents, thus requiring continuous refresh. In this paper, we present a multi-stage AUV-aided localization scheme for UWSNs. The proposed method combines the flexibility and localization accuracy of an AUV-aided localization, the energy efficiency of "silent localization" and improved localization coverage with k-stage localization based on sensor nodes. The proposed localization scheme for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWSN) does not require a priori infrastructure or synchronization between nodes. An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) aids in localizing the sensor nodes while roaming across the underwater sensor field. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of the localization coverage, accuracy and communication costs using simulations. We show that while improved performance with multiple stages is traded off with higher communication costs in general, the latter can be minimized while maintaining good performance with an appropriate choice of the acoustic communication range.
AUV-Aided Localization for Underwater Sensor Networks
International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems and Applications (WASA 2007), 2007
We propose a localization scheme for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWSN) that does not require a priori infra-structure or synchronization between nodes. An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) aids in localizing the sensor nodes while roaming across the underwater sensor field. The objectives of this paper are to describe how to localize nodes using AUV and to describe the tradeoffs involved, i.e. ratio of localized nodes and localization accuracy. We show that localization success improves as the duration of the AUV localization process increases. In addition, we investigated localization using two methods, bounding-box and triangulation. The former achieves a higher localization ratio but with a higher error. In certain scenarios, we achieved 100% nodes localized with 3% error.
Localization schemes in Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN): A Survey
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is much more attractive area for the researchers due to its versatile applications like tactical surveillance, assisted navigation, equipment monitoring, oceanography data collection, pollution monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster prevention and seismic monitoring. The researchers are also collecting the scientific data from underwater environment for observing mission. Due to the continuous node movement in underwater environment creates the majority of the problems for localization. Localization is one of the major issues in underwater environment. This survey paper focuses the different valuable localization schemes which focus the open issues and challenges for researchers.
Single Anchor Node Based Localization in Mobile Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2015
Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSN) provide a promising solution for aquatic applications. Localization in Mobile Underwater Sensor Networks is very challenging because of the harsh environmental characteristics and limitations of radio communication. Minimization of energy utilization is another critical issue in UWSN domain. Hence, networking protocols with least communication overhead are desirable. In this paper, we propose a single anchor node based localization scheme to minimize communication packets required for location estimation. A sensor node estimates its location using Time of Arrival and Angle of Arrival measurements. Location of mobile anchor nodes is updated periodically by adopting the mobility pattern of particles in ocean waves. We analyzed the performance of the scheme with real geographic coordinates of different locations in the Arabian ocean collected using Google Earth. Experimental results showed that the proposed method provided better performance for short range sensor nodes.
Localization Techniques and Their Challenges in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
2014
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are widely used to explore aqueous environment. In UWSN, determining the location of sensor nodes is a critical issue. Sensed data is meaningful only when sensing node is localized. There are many techniques available for localization in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) but they are not applicable in UWSN. GPS signals cannot be used underwater for localization. Underwater communication is based on acoustic waves. This paper explores the different localization schemes available for UWSN and challenges to meet the localization issue. Node mobility, high propagation delay, time synchronization and high bit error rate are the main challenges that need to be addressed. KeywordsUnderwater Wireless Sensor Network, Localization, Acoustic Communication.
IEEE Access, 2020
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) offer a huge number of applications, most of which require tagging the sensed data with location information. This makes localization algorithms an essential part of UWSN design. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the recently proposed literature on localization in UWSNs. The surveyed algorithms are evaluated based on a wide-ranging set of parameters which constitute the elementary features of a localization algorithm. Moreover, in order to familiarize the readers with the basic design of the surveyed algorithms, brief description of the mode of operations of each algorithm is presented along with its strengths and weaknesses. The algorithms are divided into two categories based on their computational design i.e., centralized and distributed. Each category is further subdivided into the algorithms that consider node mobility, and those that do not. Towards the end, we present our view on the future research directions in the area of localization in UWSNs. INDEX TERMS Localization survey, underwater sensor networks, underwater acoustic channel, underwater optical channel, target tracking.
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2013
Seaweb is an acoustic communication technology that enables communication between sensor nodes. Seaweb technology utilizes the commercially available telesonar modems that has developed link and network layer firmware to provide a robust undersea communication capability. Seaweb interconnects the underwater nodes through digital signal processing-based modem by using acoustic links between the neighboring sensors. In this paper, we design and investigate a global positioning system-free passive localization protocol by integrating the innovations of levelling and localization with the Seaweb technology. This protocol uses the range data and planar trigonometry principles to estimate the positions of the underwater sensor nodes. Moreover, for precise localization, we consider more realistic conditions namely, (a) small displacement of sensor nodes due to watch circles and (b) deployment of sensor nodes over non-uniform water surface. Once the nodes are localized, we divide the whole network field into circular levels and sectors to minimize the traffic complexity and thereby increases the lifetime of the sensor nodes in the network field. We then form the mesh network inside each of the sectors that increases the reliability. The algorithm is designed in such a way that it overcomes the ambiguous nodes errata and reflected paths and therefore makes the algorithm more robust. The synthetic network geometries are so designed which can evaluate the algorithm in the presence of perfect or imperfect ranges or in case of incomplete data. A comparative study is made with the existing algorithms which proves the efficiency of our newly proposed algorithm.
Underwater localization and node mobility estimation
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2022
In this paper, localizing a moving node in the context of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is considered. Most existing algorithms have had designed to work with a static node in the networks. However, in practical case, the node is dynamic due to relative motion between the transmitter and receiver. The main idea is to record the time of arrival message (ToA) stamp and estimating the drift in the sampling frequency accordingly. It should be emphasized that, the channel conditions such as multipath and delay spread, and ambient noise is considered to make the system pragmatic. A joint prediction of the node mobility and speed are estimated based on the sampling frequency offset estimation. This sampling frequency offset drift is detected based on correlating an anticipated window in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) of the received packet. The range and the distance of the mobile node is predicted from estimating the speed at the received packet and reused in the position estimation algorithm. The underwater acoustic channel is considered in this paper with 8 paths and maximum delay spread of 48 ms to simulate a pragmatic case. The performance is evaluated by adopting different nodes speeds in the simulation in two scenarios of expansion and compression. The results show that the proposed algorithm has a stable profile in the presence of severe channel conditions. Also, the result shows that the maximum speed that can be adopted in this algorithm is 9 km/h and the expansion case profile is more stable than the compression scenario. In addition, a comparison with a dynamic triangular algorithm (DTN) is presented in order to evaluate the proposed system.
Wireless Personal Communications, 2021
The long propagation delay of sensor nodes' messages and flexibility are the mobile target localization scheme's principal tasks in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN). As propagation delay is one of the principal aspects, disturbing the time harmonisation of underwater sensor nodes, a long-lasting delay must be assessed and adjusted to attain precise localization. In this article, we suggest an energy-efficient localization scheme based on Mobility and Propagation delay prediction. The system model comprises Surface buoys that drift on the water surface, Anchor nodes which drift at various water depths and Ordinary nodes that are extensively disseminated at different profundity. Anchor node mobility prediction procedure is intended to analyze and record its speed at every localization period. Then, the propagation delay is expected and compensated to attain precise localization. The ordinary nodes make localization, utilizing the expected speed vectors got from the anchor nodes. The replicating outcomes, exhibit that the suggested method increases overall energy efficiency.
Survey of Localizations Algorithms in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network
2021
The main objective of this research paper is to review and analyze the different existing localization algorithms techniques that are used to overcome the localization issue in the wireless sensor network. Underwater Wireless sensor networks consists up of small sensor nodes that are placed in huge quantity over a large water surface region to perform several tasks like sensing the data and communicate with other devices. Most of the applications of underwater wireless sensor networks like forest fire detection required the exact position of the sensing element. The main motive of the localization process is to localize the coordinates to the every node with unidentified location in the sensing area of underwater. In this paper, we have discussed various localization algorithms for localizing the sensor nodes like particle swarm optimization; bees optimization algorithm, bat algorithm, cuckoo optimization and butterfly optimization algorithm etc. are reviewed. The detail analysis of...