R, Wong (2017), "The Role of the Member States: The Europeanization of Foreign Policy?", in C. Hill, M. Smith and S. Vanhoonacker (eds), International Relations and the European Union, 3ed (Oxford University Press), pp.143-64. (Ch.7 proof) (original) (raw)

This chapter argues that while European member states remain critical actors in making the Union's common foreign policy, the foreign policies of member states themselves are undergoing a process of transformation called 'Europeanization'. We review different meanings of 'Europeanization', and propose an operational definition of the phenomenon, linking and contrasting it with the dominant European integration theoriesneo-functionalism and intergovernmentalism. We propose three dimensions of 'Europeanization' in European Union (EU) member states' foreign policies: top-down policy convergence, bottom-up national projection, and socialization. We defend the continued utility of the Europeanization concept-in spite of the EU's recent foreign policy crises in 2013-16-in understanding the European foreign policymaking regime. How policies emerge and why they change are the result of repeated interactions between national capitals and the EU institutions (chiefly the Commission, the Council, the Parliament, and the European External Action Service, EEAS); this is the process of Europeanization.