Phylogeny and systematics of the Trapeziidae Miers, 1886 (Crustacea: Brachyura), with the description of a new family (original) (raw)
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Revision of Etyidae Guinot and Tavares, 2001 (Crustacea: Brachyura)
Journal of …, 2012
Members of the Etyidae and Feldmanniidae new family have unique arrangements of the spermatheca and gonopores that permit placement of each in different families and that differentiate each from all other brachyurans. Spermathecal openings are not always positioned along the sternal suture between sternites 7 and 8, suggesting that reproductive architecture within the Brachyura and what was formerly regarded as the Podotremata is considerably more diverse and disparate than previously thought. Etyidae and Feldmanniidae radiated in the early Cretaceous and survived into the Paleogene. New taxa include Steorrosia new genus, Bretonia new genus, Faksecarcinus new genus, and sixteen new combinations. SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Institutional abbreviations.-BMNH, The Natural History Museum,
Abstract The patterns of complexity of the male and female sexual openings in Brachyura, which have been the source of uncertainties and conflicting opinions, are documented, together with a study of the morphologies of the coxal and sternal gonopores in both sexes, penises, spermathecae, and gonopods. The vulvae, male gonopores and penises are described among selected taxa of Eubrachyura, and their function and evolution examined in the context of a wide variety of mating behaviours. The location of female and male gonopores, the condition of the penis (coxal and sternal openings and modalities of protection), and related configurations of thoracic sternites 7 and 8, which are modified by the intercalation of a wide sternal part (thoracic sternites 7 and 8) during carcinisation, show evidence of deep homology. They represent taxonomic criteria at all ranks of the family-series and may be used to test lineages. Of particular significance are the consequences of the posterior expansion of the thoracic sternum, which influences the condition, shape, and sclerotisation of the penis, and its emergence from coxal (heterotreme) to coxo-sternal, which is actually still coxal (heterotreme), in contrast to a sternal emergence (thoracotreme).The heterotreme-thoracotreme distinction results from two different trajectories of the vas deferens and its ejaculatory duct via the P5 coxa (Heterotremata) or through the thoracic sternum (Thoracotremata). Dissections of males of several families have demonstrated that this major difference not only affects the external surface (perforation of the coxa or the sternum by the ejaculatory duct) but also the internal anatomy. There is no evidence for an ejaculatory duct passing through the articular membrane between the P5 coxa and the thoracic sternum in any Brachyura, even when the sternal male gonopore is very close to the P5 coxa. Trends towards the coxo-sternal condition are exemplified by multistate characters, varying from a shallow depression to a long groove along expanded sternites 7 and 8, and ultimately their complete, extended junction typifying the most derived coxo-sternal condition. The coxo-sternal condition is indicative of a long evolutionary history, as evidenced by the presence of multistate characters (e.g., Dorippidae, Goneplacoidea) or by a single, well-established condition (e.g., Chasmocarcinidae, Ethusidae, Panopeidae Eucratopsinae, Rhizopidae, Scalopidiidae). The penial area proves to be an essential diagnostic feature in Brachyura, with a value comparable to that of the gonopods. Penis protection is ubiquitous in Brachyura irrespective of length, and several modalities of protection prevail, which necessitate different modifications of associated structures. A long penis in a gutter developed from a partial invagination of sternite 8 induces the formation of a new “suture” at the same level as the preceding suture 6/7. Such a “supplementary suture 7/8” exists among unrelated heterotreme families (e.g., Ethusidae, Panopeidae Eucratopsinae, Pseudorhombilidae, Rhizopidae). A fully protected penis, concealed in a groove within a complete invagination of sternite 8 in the form of two contiguous plates, evolved independently (homoplasy) in Palicoidea and Chasmocarcinidae (Goneplacoidea), with sternite 8 present as a single plate in females. In condylar protection, described for the first time and occurring in several heterotreme families, the penis emerges from the extremity of the P5 coxo-sternal condyle or from its anterior border instead of from the coxa itself. A penis precisely lodged in a small excavation on sternite 8, which is lined by a row of stiff setae, is unique to Brachyura, and represents a new synapomorphy of the Homoloidea. Five modalities of penis protection are recognised in Podotremata, eight in Eubrachyura (six in Heterotremata and two in Thoracotremata). Special attention has been paid to Dorippoidea (Dorippidae and Ethusidae), which shows [...]The older the lineage of a heterotreme is, the higher the possibility of having evolved carcinisation. Evidence that “derived” traits may be the consequence of a strong carcinisation, rather than being recently acquired, necessitates reconsidering certain character states in Brachyura. Eubrachyurans can only evolve either the heterotreme or the thoracotreme arrangement, the consistency of the inferred ancestral characters statesproviding a useful criterion for evaluating ancestral trait reconstructions. A widened thoracic sternum together with sternal gonopores may be present in carcinised heterotremes such as hymenosomatoids. The thoracic sternum provides areliable complex of characters that must be carefully interpreted. The hypothesis of a coxo-sternal disposition in Cryptochiroidea and Pinnotheroidea, generally considered thoracotremes, is rejected, and an alternative interpretation of their status is discussed. A new interpretation of the phylogeny of Cryptochiroidea is outlined, but the origin of Pinnotheroidea remains puzzling.The sella turcica, frequently regarded a synapomorphy of Eubrachyura, is redefined as the structure formed by the endosternal intertagmal phragma that connects the tagma/thorax and the tagma/abdomen to thoracic interosternite 7/8. It is here termed the “brachyuran sella turcica” and is shown to be synapomorphic to all Brachyura. [...] The monophyly of Brachyura is supported by the interdependence of the two pairs of gonopods and penis. An abdomen permanently flexed and held by the pereopods and/or the homoloid press button (on sternite 4) or typical eubrachyuran press-button (on sternite 5) maybe considered a synapomorphy of Brachyura, the absence of this condition considered a loss. The double abdominal locking system (“double peg”) on sternite 5, a device discovered in three families of the extinct Palaeocorystoidea from the Upper Aptian, is similar to the double hook present in living lyreidids, although it is lost in all other raninoid extant members. New evidence shows that the abdominal holding was an early occurrence for a brachyuran crab. The Raninoidea, sister to Palaeocorystoidea, is characterised by gymnopleurity, a condition that results from the lifting of the carapace and thus the exposure of several pleurites. [...] The controversial monophyly of Podotremata is discussed and arguments are presented against thesuppression of this taxon. The distinction of Homoloidia from Dromioidia is argued, and a classification of Podotremata,which considers the fossil record whenever possible, is presented. The earliest brachyurans are re-examined, and a new interpretation of the phylogeny of several basal eubrachyuran groups (Dorippoidea, Inachoididae, Palicoidea, Retroplumoidea) is proposed. Stenorhynchus shares a number of characters with the Inachoididae that differentiate themfrom Inachidae, and also has some distinctive features that warrants its assignment to a separate inachoidid subfamily,Stenorhynchinae, which is resurrected. [...] In contrast, as a result of the confused nomenclatural situation in the taxonomy of the section Podotremata and in the absence of Rules for the nomenclature of higher taxa in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999), it is necessary to use new ranks above the superfamily, which therefore belong in the class-series. In order to accommodate the high diversity of living podotremes and the robust podotreme fossil record, four subsections, which correspond to the four main clades of podotreme crabs, are diagnosed and named, with the suffix –IFORMIA (at least for three of the subsections) to distinguish them from family-series nomina. They are: Dynomeniformia nom. nov. (to replace Dromiacea that was initially established in 1833 by De Haan as a family and shown to be unavailable for a high-ranked taxon of the class-series), Homoliformia Karasawa, Schweitzer & Feldmann, 2011 new status, Cyclodorippiformia nom. nov., and Gymnopleura Bourne, 1922, a nomen already used by many authors. The nomenclatural rationale behind our decisions is discussed in "Classification and nomenclatural ranks" and implemented in Appendix II. The nomen Homolidae cannot be credited to De Haan (1839), who simply quoted and Latinised (only one simple transcription in Latin) H. Milne Edwards’ (1837) nomen Homoliens without an intention to adopt it as valid and place it in the nomenclatural hierarchy, and is therefore nomenclaturally unavailable under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. As the nomen Homoliens H. Milne Edwards, 1837, fulfils all the requirements making it nomenclaturally available under the Code, the authorship of the the family and superfamily is credited to H. Milne Edwards, 1837, as Homolidae H. Milne Edwards, 1837, and Homoloidea H. Milne Edwards, 1837, respectively.
Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world
An annotated checklist of the extant brachyuran crabs of the world is presented for the first time. Over 10,500 names are treated including 6,793 valid species and subspecies (with 1,907 primary synonyms), 1,271 genera and subgenera (with 393 primary synonyms), 93 families and 38 superfamilies. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are reviewed in detail, and many resolved. Detailed notes and references are provided where necessary. The constitution of a large number of families and superfamilies is discussed in detail, with the positions of some taxa rearranged in an attempt to form a stable base for future taxonomic studies. This is the first time the nomenclature of any large group of decapod crustaceans has been examined in such detail.
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 1996
The systematic status of the family Calappidae and the phylogenetic relationships of its four component subfamilies are re-evaluated based on a cladistic analysis of 78 adult morphological characters. A single tree was produced (CI = 0.654). The monophyly of the Calappidae smu lato is rejected. The data suggest that the Calappinae and Hepatinae form a single lineage which is closer to some xanthids than to the Matutinae or Orithyiinae. A close link between the Matutinae and some leucosiids and between the Orithyiinae. and some dorippids is also apparent, with a suggestion that these four taxa all belong to a single lineage. A revised classification of the Oxystomata mend. and Calappidae is proposed.
2016
Shih, Hsi-Te, Ng, Peter K. L., Davie, Peter J. F., Schubart, Christoph D., Türkay, Michael, Naderloo, Reza, Jones, Diana, Liu, Min-Yun (2016): Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 139-175
Nauplius, 2016
Th e morphology of the fi rst zoeal stage of Domecia acanthophora (Desbonne, in Desbonne & Schramm, 1867) was described from laboratory-hatched material obtained from ovigerous females collected at Vitória Island on the southeastern Brazilian coast. We compared the larval morphology Nauplius BraZIlIan crustacean socIety Nauplius BraZIlIan crustacean socIety orIgInal artIcle This article is part of the special series offered by the Brazilian Crustacean Society in honor to Nilton José Hebling in recognition of his dedication and contributions to the development of carcinology in Brazil. Alves et al. 2 Description of the first zoea of D. acanthophora Nauplius, 24: e2016021 (zoea I) of fourteen species of the superfamily Trapezioidea, which Domecia glabra Alcock, 1899 is the only congeneric representative of the species described in this study. The morphological characteristics of the first zoea that distinguish D. acanthophora from D. glabra are: three aesthetascs on the exopod antennule; three pairs of lateral spines on carapace; bilobed basial endite of maxilla, with four plumodenticulate setae on each lobe; and telson furcae distally spinulated. It also provides information that may enhance some phylogenetic hypotheses within Trapezioidea crabs.
2015
The superfamily Portunoidea including extinct lineages is herein evaluated via cladistic analysis of adult morphological characters and traditional systematics. Nearly every fossil species has been examined via type material, or if this was not possible, through illustrations and original descriptions. The analyses indicate that the superfamily is much more diverse at the family level than has previously been recognized, and three subfamilies, Catoptrinae, Carcininae, and Macropipinae, are herein elevated to family status. One new family, Longusorbiidae; two new genera, Euronectes and Viaophthalmus; and two nomen nova are named herein in addition to the recognition of seven new combinations. The fossil record of each of the resulting families is evaluated and summarized, indicating that the superfamily extends into the Cretaceous but that many of the families are indeed much younger lineages.
The Raffles Bulletin, 1928–2009: eight decades of brachyuran crab research (Crustacea: Decapoda)
Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 2009
The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, and its predecessors (the Bulletin of the Raffles Museum and the Bulletin of the National Museum), have published a higher than average number of papers relating to brachyuran crabs. Although most deal with taxonomy and systematics, there were several papers dealing with ecology, larval development, ecology, on historical collections of specimens and even a molecular population genetics analysis. In this paper, we have compiled a list of these papers over eighty years. This will provide a standalone reference relevant to brachyuran taxonomy. Taxonomic and systematic descriptions and decisions are the main focus of this article but a complete list of papers is given. A total of 300 names have been published in the Bulletin (and its predecessors). Of these, three are replacement names, 17 have been synonymised and the remainder are valid. In addition to this, there have been changes to the dates of publications for several volumes of the Bulletin, pushing back the year of publication of 12 volumes by a year and bringing forward one of them by a year.
The Hymenosomatidae is unique among the Brachyura on the basis of spermatozoal ultrastructure and morphological characters of the adults and larvae. The location of the hymenosomatid male gonopore, always a controversial question, is here shown to be sternal, not coxo-sternal. This disposition, analogous to the arrangement of Thoracotremata, contradicts all morphological characters that indicate a heterotreme affiliation, close to the Majoidea and Dorippoidea. Molecular data also support such an assignment. The multiple hymenosomatid plesiomorphies are reviewed. The exceptional male reproductive system, a new scheme for the Eubrachyura, is assumed, at least in part, to be the result of a strong carcinisation in an ancient, deeply rooted group, at present the most ecologically diverse in Brachyura. The presence of the Hymenosomatidae on the former Gondwanan landmasses and its worldwide pattern of distribution are consistent with the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin of the family.