Scripts and Politics in Modern Central Europe. 2012. Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft , vol 154 , 1 , pp. 9-42 . DOI: 10.1553/moeg154s9 (original) (raw)

At present two scripts are employed in Central Europe, Latin and Cyrillic, or three, if we include Greece in the region. In this article I set out to problematise this oversimplistic picture drawing at examples from the past and pointing to various political and identificational uses of scripts today. Until the mid-20th century, also other scripts (and different types of the Latin and Cyrillic script, for that matter) were used for official purposes and in book production, namely Arabic, Armenian, Church Cyrillic, Gothic and Hebrew. In addition, Glagolitic and Runes (both Nordic and Hungarian) were sometimes recalled for ideological reasons. Each of these scripts was used for writing in numerous languages. Initially, script choices were dictated by religion (Latin letters for Western Christianity, Church Cyrillic for Slavophone Orthodox Christians, or the Arabic writing system for Muslims), usually connected to a holy book in an ecclesiastical language committed to parchment in a specific script. When vernaculars began to make an appearance in writing, especially in the 16th century and later, their users stuck to the scripts of their holy books. Two factors, the process of building ethnolinguistically defined nation-states and changing ideas about what modernity should be about in the sphere of culture, radically limited the number of scripts in official and de facto use. Only in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro and Ukraine are two scripts in official use, to varying degrees in the different countries. The European Union already uses three official scripts, Cyrillic, Greek and Latin; if its actions follow its words and it admits some or all of these states to membership, it stands a good chance of reviving the tradition of European multiscripturality, alongside its legally enshrined commitment to multilingualism.