Labour market perspective on the quality of vocational education in Poland (original) (raw)
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The challenge for the Polish vocational education and training system since the Polish accession to the European Union is not only to provide skilled, well qualified staff to the labor market for various sectors of the national economy. Membership in the open economic and cultural European market commits Poland to implementing European strategic documents in Polish conditions to support European labour conditions and to create the labour market in accordance with European requirements. Different European documents call for changes in the education system including the modernization of vocational training. The documents, which strongly emphasize the links between education and the labor market, are the White Paper on Education and Training and the White Paper 'A new impetus for European youth'. White Papers consider the importance of education and training to Europe in the current context of technological and economic change and the guidelines for action in the pursuit of obj...
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The article uses a multi-faceted approach to present the major challenges to vocational education and training (VET) that Hungary and Poland have been facing during the transformation of their economic systems in 1989 and integration into the EU in 2004. The evolution of VET is examined according to historical traditions, its declining prestige, the introduction of dual training, governance, and the involvement of social partners. We also look at recent changes in the two countries as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss the current situation in the light of VET scenarios recently developed by Cedefop.
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Between school and work. Vocational education and the policy against early school leaving in Poland
The article 1 analyses selected measures implemented by sectors of education and social policy in Poland, aimed at tackling the early school leaving (ESL) phenomenon. The data presented is based on an analysis of policy documents, IDIs and FGDs with educational experts, representatives of ministries, local authorities, school staff, regional employment centres and chambers of craft within the RESL.eu project. The starting point for the discussion is the hypothesis that there is a relation between leaving the system of education early, youth unemployment and NEETs rate. While the existence of this relationship is equivocal, as shown by the analysis of existing data, the undertaken policy measures somewhat implicitly assume its presence. Early school leavers are seen as the potential unemployed or at least as people who may have certain difficulties in entering the labour market. This is in contrast with the results of qualitative research, which show that the most common reason for abandoning the school education, according to school principals and teachers, is taking up a job accompanied by the inability to reconcile work and study. Thus, further efforts to develop more flexible alternatives to school-based forms of vocational training and education should be reinforced.
Cooperation Between Vocational Schools and Business in Poland: Schools' vs. Employers' Perspective
Purpose – The aim of the article is to identify the barriers to cooperation between vocational schools and employers. Design/Methodology/Approach – The main data source are the results of two surveys (CAWI): on vocational schools in Lublin, and on employers cooperating with those schools. Findings – The results show the asymmetry of schools' and enterprises' objectives, which should be regarded as an important barrier to the development of cooperation between the two. Employers are set on increasing the number of hours of students' practical vocational training in the workplace, but are reluctant to undertake more costly and more demanding forms of cooperation with schools, like participating in vocational exams, training teachers or providing equipment for school workshops. Meanwhile, schools primarily indicate the need to improve their own resources, especially workshop equipment. They often consider the present state of cooperation with business as satisfactory. Employers' limited willingness to cooperate stems i.a. from fragmentation of the enterprise sector in Poland, poorly developed cooperative bonds between enterprises, and the small scale of recruitment problems during most of the last two decades. Practical implications – The results allow for the identification of these forms of cooperation between schools and employers, which should be supported by EU structural funds. Value – The research is based on information of high substantive value from the employers who already have experience in cooperation with vocational schools. Results contribute to the formulation of the view on the effects of the reform of vocational education in Poland. Keywords – vocational education and training, vocational education and enterprises, VET and the labour market, VET in Poland
Between school and work: vocational education and policy against early school leaving in Poland
The article 1 analyses selected measures implemented by sectors of education and social policy in Poland, aimed at tackling the early school leaving (ESL) phenomenon. The data presented is based on an analysis of policy documents, IDIs and FGDs with educational experts, representatives of ministries, local authorities, school staff, regional employment centres and chambers of craft within the RESL.eu project. The starting point for the discussion is the hypothesis that there is a relation between leaving the system of education early, youth unemployment and NEETs rate. While the existence of this relationship is equivocal, as shown by the analysis of existing data, the undertaken policy measures somewhat implicitly assume its presence. Early school leavers are seen as the potential unemployed or at least as people who may have certain difficulties in entering the labour market. This is in contrast with the results of qualitative research, which show that the most common reason for abandoning the school education, according to school principals and teachers, is taking up a job accompanied by the inability to reconcile work and study. Thus, further efforts to develop more flexible alternatives to school-based forms of vocational training and education should be reinforced.
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The study focused on capitalizing on the data provided by the National Institute of Statistics of Romania to outline the amplitude of secondary vocational education, its characteristics and the identification of disparities at regional level. The research carried out within this approach uses a methodology based on regression models that captures the changes that have occurred in the evolution of the investigated phenomenon. The study can be support in the formulation of suitable educational policies.
Vocational Training versus General Education: Evidence from an Educational Reform in Romania
Vocational training and general education are the two predominant forms of secondary schooling around the world. Most studies that compare the effect of vocational and general education on labor market outcomes in the cross-section suffer from selection bias since less able students are more likely to enroll in vocational programs. This paper exploits a 1973 educational reform in Romania that shifted a large proportion of students from vocational training to general education in order to avoid the bias caused by non-random selection. Using data from the 1992 Census and the 1995-2000 LSMS, we analyze the effect of this policy in the context of a transition economy that experienced a decline in manufacturing and a reallocation of labor to new jobs. We find that cohorts affected by the policy were significantly less likely to work in manual or craft-related occupations but showed no differences in unemployment, non employment, family income and wages than their counterparts who were no...