Neopterin as a Marker for Immune System Activation (original) (raw)
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Potential role of immune system activation-associated production of neopterin derivatives in humans
Inflammation Research, 2003
Neopterin derivatives are produced by human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells upon stimulation with interferons. Neopterin concentrations measured in urine or blood reflect activation of cellular immunity and endogenous release of interferon-g. This review focuses on the clinical utility of measuring neopterin levels in inflammatory disease and the potential functions of neopterin as a mediator and/or modulator in the course of inflammatory and infectious processes. In vitro-studies revealed that neopterin derivatives exhibit distinct biochemical effects, most likely via interactions with reactive oxygen or nitrogen intermediates, thereby affecting the cellular redox state. Data support the hypothesis that the release of neopterin enhances the cytotoxic potential of activated macrophages and dendritic cells. In vivo, a strong correlation between neopterin levels and the severity, progression, and outcome of infectious and inflammatory diseases was found. The influence of neopterin derivatives on the cellular metabolism may provide an explanation for these clinical observations.
Simple dipstick assay for semi-quantitative detection of neopterin in sera
Journal of Immunological Methods, 2000
Neopterin, a low-molecular-mass pteridine produced by macrophages, is closely associated with activation of the cellular immune system. Neopterin biosynthesis during inflammatory disease is primarily derived from interferon-activated monocytes / macrophages and neopterin concentrations may be significantly increased in a particular disease state compared to controls. A follow-up of serum neopterin concentrations during the course of an infectious disease could be useful for measuring the activity of the disease and the influence of treatment. We have developed a simple dipstick assay for the semi-quantitative detection of the neopterin concentration in the serum of patients during the course of an infectious disease. Assay performance was comparable to an ELISA, but there is no requirement for specialised equipment.
Value of urinary neopterin in the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections
Klinische Wochenschrift, 1990
Neopterin is released by stimulated macrophages. In this study we analyzed the diagnostic potential of urinary neopterin concentrations in patients with bacterial and viral infection. All but one of 17 patients with viral infection had increased urinary neopterin concentrations. Patients with bacterial urinary tract infection also showed increased neopterin concentrations, whereas patients with bacterial pneumonia had significantly lower neopterin levels. In addition, patients with acute bacterial pneumonia had lower neopterin levels than patients with protracted infection. A significant inverse correlation between urinary neopterin and hemoglobin concentrations was found. Neopterin concentrations could serve as a helpful additional marker of infectious diseases. Combined with other clinical and laboratory parameters it is a useful parameter for distinguishing between viral and bacterial origins of infection, as was shown by multivariate stepwise linear discriminant analysis.
Serum Neopterin: A Potential Marker for Screening Blood Donors
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2017
OBJECTIVE To determine serum neopterin levels in blood donors of local population and its association with transfusion transmitted infections. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Physiology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College (LNHMC) in collaboration with Basic Medical Sciences Institute (BMSI) and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Blood Bank, Karachi, Pakistan, from January to June 2015. METHODOLOGY During this period, a total of 174 blood donors were selected through random sampling technique. All participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria involving apparently healthy blood donors of either gender within the age bracket of 18 - 60 years and consenting to participate were selected. The participants were screened for transfusion transmitted infections as per WHO recommendations through the standard procedures used for screening at the JPMC blood bank. The demographic profile, anthropometric measurement...
Comparison of two different HPLC methods and elisa method for measurement of serum neopterin
Journal of Investigational Biochemistry, 2012
Neopterin is a pyrazinopyrimidine compound, which has been used as a biomarker of cellular immune system. It is secreted as a result of activation of cellular immune system, primarily by monocytes, macrophages and dendrytic cells with the stimulation of interferon gamma. Various chromatographic methods have been used for measurement of neopterin. HPLC is widely used instrument for this purpose. In this study, we compared the serum neopterin levels with two HPLC method and commercial neopterin ELISA kit. HPLC method using potassium phosphate buffer (pH: 6,4) as mobile phase and trichloroacetic acid for deproteinization was named as "method 1"; and the method which we have recently developed using water/acetonitrile (99/1, v:v) as a mobile phase and acetonitrile for deproteinization, was named as "method 2". Neopterin retention time was 6,4 min. for method 1 and 2,4 min. for method 2. The linearity of method 1 and method 2 was quite good (r2: 0.987 and r2: 0.998, respectively). Repeatability of method 2 was higher than method 1 and commercial kit. In conclusion, our developed HPLC method has better analytical performance and shorter analysis time and easier to apply with respect to the HPLC method 1.
Urinary neopterin concentrations vs total neopterins for clinical utility
Clinical chemistry, 1989
Neopterin measurements are especially useful as an early marker in (e.g.) allograft rejections and in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). An increased concentration of total neopterins (neopterin + dihydroneopterin) is also a significant marker in patients with HIV-1 infection. In this study we compared concentrations of neopterin and total neopterins in urine samples from 77 homosexual men with and 73 without established HIV-1 infection. HIV-1-seropositive homosexual men had higher concentrations of neopterin and total neopterins (and 7,8-dihydroneopterin) in their urine than did those who were HIV-1-seronegative, and there was a close correlation between neopterin and total neopterins. Both neopterin variables correlated inversely with CD4+ T-cell counts and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratios but not with CD8+ T-cell counts in the HIV-1-seropositive men. Our data indicate that measurements of neopterin and total neopterins are of almost equal potential for cli...
Influence of neopterin on the generation of reactive oxygen species in human neutrophils
FEBS Letters, 2003
Neopterin is synthesized by human monocyte-derived macrophages primarily upon stimulation with the cytokine interferon-Q Q. We studied the in£uence of neopterin on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human peripheral blood neutrophils. Radical formation was measured using a biochemiluminometer. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors. The generation of ROS by neutrophils suspended in Earl's solution (pH = 7.4) at 37 ‡C was investigated by monitoring of chemiluminescence using luminol and lucigenin as light emitters. Neopterin induced chemiluminescence in suspensions of neutrophils in the presence of luminol, but not of lucigenin. Neopterin a¡ected only adhesive cells. Addition of neopterin into the suspension of the cells involving D-mannitol, L-histidine and diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) decreased luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) of the neutrophils. The action of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) reduced neopterin-induced LDCL of neutrophils. Data suggest that neutrophils respond on exposure to neopterin with additional generation of singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-independent pathways. ß
Biomedical Chromatography, 2004
Neopterin, a pyrazinopyrimidine compound, serves as a marker of cellular immune system activation, and it can be used as a prognostic predictor for certain types of diseases. We propose a new simple HPLC method to measure serum neopterin with highly sensitive fluorimetric detection. After TCA serum protein precipitation, the supernatant was diluted five times, injected into a C 18 reversed-phase column and eluted at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min by an isocratic water-acetonitrile (99:1) mobile phase. The natural fluorescence of the molecule was detected at excitation wavelength 353 nm and emission 438 nm. In these conditions the neopterin retention time was about 4 min. Our proposed method was compared with a validated chromatographic separation, and the obtained data of the serum neopterin from 35 healthy volunteers were analysed by Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman test. Neopterin measurement in healthy subjects was also employed to investigate on its potential relationships with plasma thiols levels.