Studies on the wobble mode stability of a three-wheeled vehicle (original) (raw)
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Dynamic Analysis of Instability in Three-Wheeler Automobile Vehicle
Archives of current research international, 2018
At pre-design stage of three wheeler automobile vehicle, engineers are posed to use simple models to show the fundamental and functional characterizations of the vehicle. Wobbling instability is consider as one of the major problems of a three wheeled automobile vehicle, and are of great interest to industry and academia. This study outlines the effect of applying camber angles on the handling and lateral stability of a three wheeled automobile vehicle and the use of a rigid body model with two variables, the sprung mass and un-sprung mass. This study investigates the effect of applying camber angles on the vehicle handling, lateral stability, ride comfort and skid of a three-wheeled automobile vehicle. Due to the unbalance nature of the vehicle, controlling the instability especially during turning, cornering and harsh maneuver is very challenging. Hence the stability is ensured by the introduction of an active camber system to the vehicle suspension system. Which are determined by modeling the (quarter car model) vehicle movement using harmonic and transient responses over isolated road bump model and the forces generated on each part of the suspension system are analyzed.
The stability analysis of two-wheeled vehicle model
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
This research investigates the stability of a two-wheeled vehicle model on the basis of numerical determination of full range of eigenvalues of a linear approximation matrix in the vicinity of the rectilinear driving mode. The received result was checked by numerical integration of the initial equations system of the disturbed motion of the model. The discrepancy of two research techniques is explained by the specialty of the considered mathematical model in which two pairs of complex conjugate eigenvalues close to each other are realized, that explains the emergence of standard derivations at calculating their numerical determination. The model is asymptotically stable in the range much wider than an operational interval (up to 100 m/s). In order to provide more intensive dampening of initial disturbances, it is possible to introduce additional resilient and damping elements between the trucks and the body in the design of the wheeled vehicle that will counteract the yaw mode of tr...
ROLLOVER STABILITY MODELS FOR THREE-WHEELED VEHICLE DESIGN
The current commercial three-wheeled vehicles (TWVs) in the market are rollover unstable, with adverse effects on life and property. This places limitation on their speed and usage, even though they are fuel efficient, cheap and generate about 33% of green gases per rider when compared with four-wheeled vehicles.This work derived mathematical models for the analysis of the stability of the three-wheeled vehicle (TWV). Based on these models, the test method for rollover stability was adopted. Rollover test was carried out on a TWV on Nigerian road. The results showed that the vehicle is unstable with respect to rollover stability. The test procedure if adopted and legislated upon, would significantly enhance safety of life and property of the population. Moreover, the speed and usage of the vehicle for both private and commercial purposes will be enhanced.
Stability of Three-Wheeled Vehicles with and without Control System
In this study, stability control of a three-wheeled vehicle with two wheels on the front axle, a three-wheeled vehicle with two wheels on the rear axle, and a standard four-wheeled vehicle are compared. For vehicle dynamics control systems, the direct yaw moment control is considered as a suitable way of controlling the lateral motion of a vehicle during a severe driving maneuver. In accordance to the present available technology, the performance of vehicle dynamics control actuation systems is based on the individual control of each wheel braking force known as the differential braking. Also, in order to design the vehicle dynamics control system the linear optimal control theory is used. Then, to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed linear optimal control system, computer simulations are carried out by using nonlinear twelvedegree-of-freedom models for three-wheeled cars and a fourteen-degree-of-freedom model for a fourwheeled car. Simulation results of lane change and J-turn maneuvers are shown with and without control system. It is shown that for lateral stability, the three wheeled vehicle with single front wheel is more stable than the four wheeled vehicle, which is in turn more stable than the three wheeled vehicle with single rear wheel. Considering turning radius which is a kinematic property shows that the front single three-wheeled car is more under steer than the other cars.
Six Degree of Freedom Three Wheeled Vehicle Model Validation
A spatial six-degree of freedom (DOF) mathematical model of a Three-Wheeled Vehicle (TWV) used extensively in Asian countries is developed. The governing equations are derived and integrated explicitly without liberalization to yield a large deformation model that can be used for parametric studies. The model includes suspension model, tire compliance, lateral force due to cornering stiffness and rolling resistance at the tire. The model is validated against vertical accelerations measured when passing over a road bump. The lateral motion is validated through a steady state circular test procedure.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2018
This article addresses the yaw stability of articulated vehicles by assessing the influence of the road-tire friction coefficient on the convergence region of a particular equilibrium condition. In addition, the boundaries of this region are compared to the boundaries of the non-jackknife and non-rollover regions to distinguish the instability phenomenon, jackknife or roll-over, responsible for this delimitation. The vehicle configuration considered in this analysis is composed by one tractor unit and one towed unit connected through an articulation point, for instance, a tractor-semitrailer combination. A nonlinear articulated bicycle model with four degrees of freedom is used together with a nonlinear lateral force tire model. To estimate the convergence region, the phase trajectory method is used. The equations of motion of the mathematical model are numerically integrated for different initial conditions in the phase plane, and the state orbits are monitored in order to verify t...
IJERT-Design and Analysis of Three Wheeled Dual Steering Vehicle
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/design-and-analysis-of-three-wheeled-dual-steering-vehicle https://www.ijert.org/research/design-and-analysis-of-three-wheeled-dual-steering-vehicle-IJERTV3IS040352.pdf The main aim of this study is to carry out design and analysis of a three wheeled vehicle that has steering on both sides which is powered by hub motors. The design is carried out by using PTC CREO 2.0 software and analysis is executed using ANSYS 14.5 software. Considering the results, this vehicle is fabricated by using 1090mild steel for chassis, swing-arm and Wishbones (A-arms). In this study, it is determined that the turning radius of the wheel is obtained by using all wheel steering mechanism and it is relatively smaller than actual turning radius. The equivalent stress values are also determined for safe design.
IJERT-RBD and FE Analysis Approach for Stability Analysis of a Three Wheeled Equipment
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2021
https://www.ijert.org/rbd-and-fe-analysis-approach-for-stability-analysis-of-a-three-wheeled-equipment https://www.ijert.org/research/rbd-and-fe-analysis-approach-for-stability-analysis-of-a-three-wheeled-equipment-IJERTV10IS020268.pdf Stability is one of the key parameters which the designer has to keep in mind while designing a Three wheeled equipment. Stability depends on the center of gravity (COG) location of the equipment. When the COG of Three wheeled equipment shifts beyond the safe limit due to external load, the equipment gets destabilized and begins to tip over. The testing of the equipment for Stability can be simulated using Rigid Body Dynamics (RBD) or FE (Finite Element) analysis approach to study the tip over load. The Stability simulation is performed using RBD approach and results are compared with test values and later validated using FE analysis approach. Both RBD & FE analysis approach show good correlation with test results. However, it is observed that the RBD approach is better than the FE approach in terms of simulation speed and cost. This paper demonstrates the advantages of the RBD approach over FE analysis approach for the Stability simulation of a Three wheeled equipment.
On steering wobble oscillations of motorcycles
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2004
The paper is aimed at an improved understanding of steering wobble oscillations of motorcycles through simulation. The background to the problem is discussed first. Then, an existing mathematical model of a manoeuvring motorcycle and rider is extended to include a yaw freedom for the upper body of the rider. The rider upper body and arm structural parameters are chosen in the light of newly published results from the testing of human subjects in a driving simulator, with forced motion of the steering wheel by means of an electric motor. Results show that steering wobble oscillations grow more vigorously as their amplitude increases beyond a few degrees of steering and that the stabilizing influence of the rider's tensing his/her muscles in response to a growing wobble problem is small. The work supports the idea that any machine which has a very lightly damped wobble mode at some operating condition may be made unstable by an unusual set of initial conditions and that the natura...