Design for sustainability with composite systems (original) (raw)
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021
Owing to economic and environmental benefits, new generations of materials/ commodities follow "from waste to wealth" strategy. Recently, there has been a huge upsurge in research on the development of eco-composites using recycled plastic polymers and agro-residues because the eco-composites satisfy the stringent environment regulations and are cost-effective. Herein, we present a detailed review on the potential use of several types of natural fillers as an efficient reinforcement for recycled plastic polymers. In particular, the characterization of different categories of eco-composites according to their morphological, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties is extensively reviewed and their results are analyzed, compared, and highlighted. Furthermore, a framework to produce functional eco-composites, which includes functionalization of ingredients, critical issues on microstructural parameters, processing, and fabrication methods, is outlined and supported with sufficient data from the literature. Finally, the review outlines the emerging challenges and future prospects of eco-composites to be addressed by interested researchers to bridge the gap between research and commercialization of such a class of material. Overall, the acquired knowledge will guide researchers, scientists, and manufacturers to plan, select, and develop various forms of eco-composites with enhanced properties and optimized production processes.
Reuse of organic waste type in the development of ecoefficient and sustainable composites
2015
The global tradition of building is severely affected by the shortage of materials from nature, which stimulates the development of technologies and construction systems related to the reuse of waste organic. For example, in Ecuador an area of 106,930 ha in 2012 was devoted to sugar cane plantations, having a production of 7.38 Mt (7.5% in the province of Loja) [1], which produce the organic residue sugarcane bagasse, mainly in mills owned by artisan manufacturers. Approximately 50% is used as fuel, fertilizer and livestock feed, the rest as waste accumulates in particular landfills with health problems. Recovery and use of this residue as a component of craft supplies of building materials is proposed in this communication. The design of composite materials containing organic vegetable wastes is proposed, and the measures of their physical and mechanical properties are described, pointing to elements that combine technical, specification standards and artisan production that will generate a production for low cost housing in the area of the province of Loja.This work is part of an ongoing investigation, conducted in collaboration by professors and researchers from the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (Ecuador) and the Technical University of Madrid (Spain), divided into two phases: the first an analysis is made in laboratory of some organic vegetable waste from the province of Loja; in the second part and simultaneously, are proposed and built prototypes of architectural elements, that incorporates the materials investigated. In the first stage results have been obtained of the mechanical and physical properties of composites with bagasse, in matrices made of plaster and cement, with additions of ashes of those vegetable waste materials, as well as impact on measures absorption and capillarity of these composite samples, confirming the effective delivery of materials with potential applications in building construction. In the second stage it was accomplished the manufacturing and constructive use of plates and sandwich panels at scale 1:1, determining dimensions, combining different elements, modulation, anchoring systems and their mechanical resistance, obtaining materials with acceptable values on toughness. There were explored various treatments to materials (organic fibers and matrices) for improving protection against external environmental agents. It was concluded that the composites made from vegetable organic additions of bagasse, with and without ashes from the same waste materials, in plaster and cement matrices allow reusing waste materials that are sustainable and provide eco-efficient execution of architectural projects solutions.
On account of their uniqueness, during the last 30 years the concept of composites has been exceptionally appealing to many researchers, technologists and entrepreneurs. Consequently, the number of scientific and technological investigations in the field has grown profusely, in a widespread fashion, with numerous attempts in all fields, namely, polymer-, ceramic-and metal-matrix composites. However, to a degree, this enthusiasm has led to a misconception in that, composites are a synonym of a simple mixture of materials and that it refers only to structural applications. The recent literature shows that a broad range of thermal and functional applications are under investigation, in addition to the structural ones, upon which most of the current literature and syllabi are based. In tandem with this boom, partly because of the advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology, a number of new terms have been used. This fact suggests the need for an update in the classification of composites a...
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021
Owing to economic and environmental benefits, new generations of materials/commodities follow “from waste to wealth” strategy. Recently, there has been a huge upsurge in research on the development of eco‐composites using recycled plastic polymers and agro‐residues because the eco‐composites satisfy the stringent environment regulations and are cost‐effective. Herein, we present a detailed review on the potential use of several types of natural fillers as an efficient reinforcement for recycled plastic polymers. In particular, the characterization of different categories of eco‐composites according to their morphological, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties is extensively reviewed and their results are analyzed, compared, and highlighted. Furthermore, a framework to produce functional eco‐composites, which includes functionalization of ingredients, critical issues on microstructural parameters, processing, and fabrication methods, is outlined and supported with sufficient d...
Hybrid Advances, 2023
Plant-based composites are considered as new generation materials that offer sustainability, eco-friendly and green chemistry, utilized by numerous sectors. Composites of green hybrid made from polylactic acid (PLA) and three different plant fibers were prepared using two symmetrical fibers stacking sequences; namely high modulus and brittle (HMB) fibers (kenaf-bamboo-coir/PLA) and low modulus and ductile (LMD) fibers (coir-bambookenaf/PLA) in the outmost layers. The stacking sequence was prepared using a simple slot tool to properly align the fibers and it was dried at 50 ◦C before being compressed using hot press. It was found that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of both hybrid composites increased linearly up to 158 MPa and 7 GPa respectively. It shows that the stacking sequences had no significant effect on tensile strength, but fracture strain increased by 58% produced by LMD fibres. However, the use of HMB fibres in the outmost layers significantly improved flexural strength up to 49% higher than that of LMD fibres. In contrast, the impact strength of the green hybrid composites using LMD fibres in the outmost layers was 21% higher than that of its counterpart. Like other plant fiber composites, both composites had an increased water absorption capacity of up to 39% due to increased fibre content. These stacking sequence properties are essential to fabricate a specific application to ensure properties suitable for the job’s features. High modulus and brittle composites require a high load to deform permanently, as well as low modulus and ductile composites. Both exhibit versatile mechanical characteristic, providing a balance of sealant toughness and the ability to retain overall shape, such as in sound absorption and vibration in transportation.
The Role of Composites for Sustainable Society and Industry
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry
In the last few decades, the global community's demands are getting stronger for more environmentally friendly materials. Natural fiber reinforced composites have been applied as reinforcement in concrete, sound absorbers, buildings, aeronautical, aerospace, sanitation, electronics, bridge decks, interior, automotive, sports equipment and furniture industries, modular structures, and others. Natural fibers are receiving high attention due to their sustainability, environmental friendliness, low density, low cost, low abrasiveness, renewability, and biodegradability, as well as contributing to the consumption of CO2 gas. As reported by many researchers, Indonesia has several natural resources for natural fibers such as bark fiber, leaf fiber, seed/fruit fiber, grass fiber, stalk fiber, and wood fiber.
Composites from renewable and sustainable resources: Challenges and innovations
Science, 2018
Wood and other natural fibers (e.g., flax, jute, sisal, and cotton), collectively called 'biofibers,' can be used to reinforce fossil fuel-based plastic, thus resulting in biocomposite materials... Biofiber-PP and biofiber-UPE composites have reached commodity status in many auto parts, as well as decking, furniture, and housing applications.
New eco-friendly hybrid composite materials for civil construction
2006
This paper concerns the development of new hybrid composite materials using granulated cork, a by-product of cork industry, cellulose pulp, from recycling of paper residues, and hemp fibres. The binder used is either cellulose pulp or lime-pozzolan mixture. Such materials may be used as composite boards and mortars for non structural elements of construction, such as dry walls and ceiling or floor levelling and filling. The possibility of using these composites in conjugation with light structural supports has been studied. The paper will present the properties and the manufacturing methods used to produce the above mentioned promising eco-friendly composites that can unfold ways of using industrial wastes as new construction materials with excellent inherent thermal and acoustic properties.
Sustainable Bio-Composite Its Manufacturing Processes and Applications
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2018
T HE biocomposite materials which serve for present nation or civilization without affecting our future generation is called as sustainable biocomposite i.e., it does not affect our environment and save our environment from toxic and hazardous effect. The sources and production of the raw materials, material Processing, the service-life of the product and waste management should be evaluated in terms of energy, chemical consumption, emissions of gaseous materials, toxicology upon use and disposal of a biocomposite are considered as sustainable bio-composites. This can be formed by different manufacturing process like filament winding, lay up method, extrusion moulding, Injection moulding, compression moulding, Resin transfer moulding, Sheet moulding compound etc. Sustainable biocomposite has several advantages like light weight, high specific stiffness, high strength, low electrical conductivity, easily bondable, good fatigue resistance, internal energy storage and release, low thermal expansion, easily moulded to complex and design flexibility etc. These biocomposites have huge applications in several fields like in the field of domestic sector, building materials, aerospace industry, circuit boards and automobile applications. It supports our sustainable environment by using natural fibres like jute, hemp, sisal, knead, flax etc. which is the cause of biodegradation and can also be used in the industrial scale. It not only saves our environment but also made our life easier and more comfortable.