Design for sustainability with composite systems (original) (raw)
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A Way of Sustainability for Composites
2015
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Green Composites: Sustainability and Mechanical performance
This study considers the mechanical properties of a range of thermosetting resin systems, including systems with bio-derived content, and associated natural fibre composites. The bio-derived resin systems (22 % and 40 % bio-content) demonstrated similar tensile strength to standard resin systems, indicating their potential to be a substitute for such systems. To optimise the performance of the natural fibre composites, the reinforcement needed to be dried prior to composite processing. The stiffness and strength of the natural fibre systems improved with degree of alignment, as expected, and with the use of a semi-processed fibre – in this way the properties approached those of CSM E-glass composites. Even the natural fibre composite with the lowest tensile performance still demonstrated a fracture toughness that was halfway in-between the E-glass composite and the resin system.
On account of their uniqueness, during the last 30 years the concept of composites has been exceptionally appealing to many researchers, technologists and entrepreneurs. Consequently, the number of scientific and technological investigations in the field has grown profusely, in a widespread fashion, with numerous attempts in all fields, namely, polymer-, ceramic-and metal-matrix composites. However, to a degree, this enthusiasm has led to a misconception in that, composites are a synonym of a simple mixture of materials and that it refers only to structural applications. The recent literature shows that a broad range of thermal and functional applications are under investigation, in addition to the structural ones, upon which most of the current literature and syllabi are based. In tandem with this boom, partly because of the advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology, a number of new terms have been used. This fact suggests the need for an update in the classification of composites a...
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2021
Owing to economic and environmental benefits, new generations of materials/commodities follow “from waste to wealth” strategy. Recently, there has been a huge upsurge in research on the development of eco‐composites using recycled plastic polymers and agro‐residues because the eco‐composites satisfy the stringent environment regulations and are cost‐effective. Herein, we present a detailed review on the potential use of several types of natural fillers as an efficient reinforcement for recycled plastic polymers. In particular, the characterization of different categories of eco‐composites according to their morphological, physical, thermal, and mechanical properties is extensively reviewed and their results are analyzed, compared, and highlighted. Furthermore, a framework to produce functional eco‐composites, which includes functionalization of ingredients, critical issues on microstructural parameters, processing, and fabrication methods, is outlined and supported with sufficient d...
Hybrid Advances, 2023
Plant-based composites are considered as new generation materials that offer sustainability, eco-friendly and green chemistry, utilized by numerous sectors. Composites of green hybrid made from polylactic acid (PLA) and three different plant fibers were prepared using two symmetrical fibers stacking sequences; namely high modulus and brittle (HMB) fibers (kenaf-bamboo-coir/PLA) and low modulus and ductile (LMD) fibers (coir-bambookenaf/PLA) in the outmost layers. The stacking sequence was prepared using a simple slot tool to properly align the fibers and it was dried at 50 ◦C before being compressed using hot press. It was found that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of both hybrid composites increased linearly up to 158 MPa and 7 GPa respectively. It shows that the stacking sequences had no significant effect on tensile strength, but fracture strain increased by 58% produced by LMD fibres. However, the use of HMB fibres in the outmost layers significantly improved flexural strength up to 49% higher than that of LMD fibres. In contrast, the impact strength of the green hybrid composites using LMD fibres in the outmost layers was 21% higher than that of its counterpart. Like other plant fiber composites, both composites had an increased water absorption capacity of up to 39% due to increased fibre content. These stacking sequence properties are essential to fabricate a specific application to ensure properties suitable for the job’s features. High modulus and brittle composites require a high load to deform permanently, as well as low modulus and ductile composites. Both exhibit versatile mechanical characteristic, providing a balance of sealant toughness and the ability to retain overall shape, such as in sound absorption and vibration in transportation.
The Role of Composites for Sustainable Society and Industry
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry
In the last few decades, the global community's demands are getting stronger for more environmentally friendly materials. Natural fiber reinforced composites have been applied as reinforcement in concrete, sound absorbers, buildings, aeronautical, aerospace, sanitation, electronics, bridge decks, interior, automotive, sports equipment and furniture industries, modular structures, and others. Natural fibers are receiving high attention due to their sustainability, environmental friendliness, low density, low cost, low abrasiveness, renewability, and biodegradability, as well as contributing to the consumption of CO2 gas. As reported by many researchers, Indonesia has several natural resources for natural fibers such as bark fiber, leaf fiber, seed/fruit fiber, grass fiber, stalk fiber, and wood fiber.