Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Phyllanthus acidus L. on Swiss Albino Mice (original) (raw)
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Inflammation and pain is a common cause of medical consultation which generally occurs when a tissue is injured. In recent scenario, attention has been paid for screening new drugs with analgesic activity from plant sources, to reduce or treat pain with less adverse effects than allopathic drugs. The objectives of this research work was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of phytosterol present in chloroform extract of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis (CEPM) through carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema and hot plate method in male wistar rats. The test groups received CEPM (suspended in 1% caboxymethylcellulose, CMC) at doses 400 mg/kg, p.o.; the reference group received indomethacin (10 mg/ kg, in 1% CMC, p.o.) as positive control and the negative control animals received the vehicle only (1% CMC, 10 mL/kg, p.o.). Oral administration of CEPM or indomethacin showed significant (P<0.001) effect in the reduction of the paw oedema induced by 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan (in 1% CMC) solution into the sub-plantar region. CEPM showed the highest inhibition 71.42% at 3 rd hr. CEPM extract and pentazocin significantly (P<0.001) increases the basal reaction time when compare to control group. The present study demonstrates the potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of the CEPM which supports the claims by the traditional medicine practitioners.
International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 2010
Abstract: The fresh or dry fruit of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. is used in traditional medicines for the treatment of diarrhea, jaundice and inflammatory disorder. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the standardized water extract from the fruit of Phyllanthus emblica was prepared according to the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia (THP). P. emblica water extract was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity in rats using ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema as well as cotton pellet-induced granuloma models, and its analgesic activity in mice using formalin test. The extract at 1 mg/ear exhibited anti-inflammatory effect on EPP-induced ear edema, but not on AA-induced ear edema. Oral administration of P. emblica at the doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg caused dose-dependent inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. P. emblica at 600 mg/kg did reduce neither tra...
Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit extract
Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2000
The study investigated the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of a Nigerian Polyherbal Health Tonic tea aqueous extract (PHT) in rodents of both sexes. 100 -500 mg kg -1 of the aqueous extract was administered via the intra-peritoneal (i.p.) and oral (p.o.) routes to 5 groups of mice using tail immersion, tail clip, formalin and acetic acid -induced writhing tests of experimental nociceptive models. Each of the models showed that PHT possesses a significant (p<0.05) anti-nociceptive effects which were peripherally and centrally mediated as both the early and late phases of pain significantly (p<0.05) were inhibited. However, the peripherally mediated analgesic effect of PHT, although similar to that of aspirin but was found to be more potent than aspirin. In assessing its anti-inflammatory potentials, 300 -1340 mg kg -1 PHT was also administered via oral and intraperitoneal routes, which, significantly (p<0.05) reduced the volume of carrageenan-induced oedema. Although, PHT administered via i.p. route was more effective than the oral but there was barely any difference between the percentage inhibition of oedema volume at both 600 and 1340 mg kg -1 given orally. PHT anti-inflammatory effect was elucidated to be significantly (p<0.05) mediated via histaminergic, serotonergic, bradykinin and prostaglandin inhibition. PHT was also shown to be more protective than acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in the castor oil-induced diarrhea model, which suggests the involvement of other mechanisms. Thus, lending supports to its folkloric use in pain and swelling management.
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of leaf extract
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005
The aqueous and methanol extracts from the dry bulbils of Dioscorea bulbifera L. var sativa (Dioscoreaceae)-evaluated orally at the doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg against pain induced by acetic acid, formalin, pressure and against inflammation induced by carrageenan, histamine, serotonin and formalin in mice and rats, showed a dose dependant inhibition of pain and inflammation with a maximum effect of 56.38%, 73.06% and 42.79% produced by the aqueous extract, respectively on pain induced by acetic acid, formalin and pressure while the methanol extract at the same dose respectively inhibited these models of pain by 62.70%, 84.54% and 47.70%. The oral administration of aqueous and methanol extracts caused significant anti-inflammatory activity on paw oedema induced by histamine, serotonin and formalin. The present results show that the bulbils of Dioscorea bulbifera var sativa possess potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. These activities may results from the inhibition of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, serotonin and prostaglandins. Thus, the analgesic activity of the bulbils of Dioscorea bulbifera may be at least partially linked to its anti-inflammatory activity.
The Open Pain Journal, 2020
Background: The standardized extracts of P. fraternus were previously reported by us for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-arthritic biological potentials. However, we have not reported for a consequence of P. fraternus on chronic inflammatory muscle hyperalgesia. Herein, we have demonstrated chronic pain modulating effect of standardized extracts of P. fraternus. Materials and Methods: Firstly, we have collected various parts of P. fraternus plant including the dried stems, leaves, and roots. In order to produce chronic inflammations, we further allowed injection to the left gastrocnemius muscle belly of rats with a freshly prepared solution of 3% carrageenan in normal saline (100µL). Thermal/heat hyperalgesia, mechanical hyperalgesia and muscle circumferences were determined in the current experimental model. In order to estimate, chronic pain modulating potential of P. fraternus, we have also studied histopathological studies and measurement of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2). ...
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Phyllanthus singampattiyana. Leaf Extract
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2005
We studied the anti-inflammatory activity of a petroleum ether extract of Phyllanthus singampattiana Sebastine and A.N. Henry leaves, which was tested in Wistar rats with TPA-induced ear inflammation and carrageenaninduced paw edema. Carrageenan-induced paw edema was significantly reduced at a dose of 100 mg petroleum ether extract (p < 0.05%). From the crude extract, b-sitosterol was identified and confirmed.
J A S E M . OURNAL OF PPLIED CIENCE AND NVIRONMENTAL ANAGEMENT, 2019
Peltophorumpterocarpum(family; Fabaceae) is an evergreen perennial crop grown in tropical gardens. Different parts of this tree are being used for the management of many diseases. This study investigated the acute toxicity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory potentials of n-hexane extract of P.pterocarpumstem bark.Acute oral toxicity of n-hexaneextract of P. pterocarpumstem bark was investigated using standard method. Analgesic activity was investigated by using acetic acid-induced writhing model, usingindomethacin as a reference drug. Anti-inflammatory activity of n-hexaneextract of P. pterocarpumstembarkwas investigated by using formalin-induced paw licking model, using aspirin as standard drug. In the acute toxicity study, mortality wasobserved at doses 500 and 2500 mg/kg body weight. In the acetic acid induced writhing test, the n-hexane extract of P. pterocarpum(100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) showed a significant (p > 0.05) reduction in the number of writhing with 55.5 % and 60 % of inhibition respectively. In formalin-induced rat paw edema test for acute inflammation, the n-hexane extract of P. pterocarpumin doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight showed 26.00 %, 27.89 % and 32.27 % inhibition of edema respectively after 4hours, which is comparable to that of standard drug-aspirin (33.59 %). These results validated that the extract of P. pterocarpumpossesses significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Neuroscience and Medicine
Background: Pain is a common problem encountered in daily life among humans and animal and it is commonly managed conventionally using modern medicines and traditionally by use of medicinal plants. Phytolacca dodecandra is a common herb in Uganda, used traditionally to alleviate pain and inflammatory conditions. However, its activity in alleviating pain and inflammatory diseases has not been fully scientifically evaluated. Aim of Study: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of total crude leaf extracts of P. dodecandra in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: It was a laboratory-based experimental study. Acetic acid-induced writhing test was used to determine the analgesic activity and the histamine-induced paw edema formation for anti-inflammatory activity of the extract. Twenty eight animals were divided into 7 groups each with 4 rats and two (2) sets of data were obtained from each animal per group as per guidance of the refinement rule of 3Rs. For analgesic activity, Group I was dosed with 1.0ml of normal saline (negative control), group II, III, IV, V, VI were dosed with 1000.0, 600.0, 150.0, 40.0 and 5.0 mg/kg bwt of extract respectively. Group VII was dosed 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac sodium (Na) drug (positive control). For anti-inflammatory activity, Group I was dosed with 1.0ml of normal saline (negative control), Group II, III, IV, V, VI were dosed with 1000.0, 600.0, 300.0, 40.0 and 5.0 mg/kg bwt of extract respectively. Group VII was dosed 10.0 mg/kg bwt diclofenac Na. The percentage mean paw volume inhibition and percentage writhing protection were determined. Results: The mean percentage paw volume inhibitions were 29.1%, 74.2% and 32.
Peltophorumpterocarpum(family; Fabaceae) is an evergreen perennial crop grown in tropical gardens. Different parts of this tree are being used for the management of many diseases. This study investigated the acute toxicity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory potentials of n-hexane extract of P.pterocarpumstem bark.Acute oral toxicity of n-hexaneextract of P. pterocarpumstem bark was investigated using standard method. Analgesic activity was investigated by using acetic acid-induced writhing model, usingindomethacin as a reference drug. Antiinflammatory activity of n-hexaneextract of P. pterocarpumstembarkwas investigated by using formalin-induced paw licking model, using aspirin as standard drug. In the acute toxicity study, mortality wasobserved at doses 500 and 2500 mg/kg body weight. In the acetic acid induced writhing test, the n-hexane extract of P. pterocarpum(100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) showed a significant (p > 0.05) reduction in the number of writhing with 55.5 % and 60 % of inhibition respectively. In formalin-induced rat paw edema test for acute inflammation, the n-hexane extract of P. pterocarpumin doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight showed 26.00 %, 27.89 % and 32.27 % inhibition of edema respectively after 4hours, which is comparable to that of standard drug-aspirin (33.59 %). These results validated that the extract of P. pterocarpumpossesses significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.