LECTURE NOTE ON SPECTROSCOPY (original) (raw)
Four spectroscopic techniques, Fourier transform Raman (FTR), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and laser-induced uorescen ce (LIF), are employed to characterize the pigment and binding media composition of polychrom es. Raman spectra allow the assignment of the main pigments; these are a -HgS (vermilion), 2PbCO 3 ·Pb(OH) 2 (lead white), As 2 S 3 (orpiment), Pb 3 O 4 (lead red), and amorphous Carbon. The IR spectra can readily identify the pigment 2PbCO 3 ·Pb(OH) 2 , the binder CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O (gypsum) and, in com bination with the Raman results, the presence of organic constituents of the binding media such as aliphatic esters, free acids, carbohydrates, and amides. The elem ental analysis provided by LIBS corresponds to the pigments identi ed by the previous techniques and shows in addition the presence of some H g, Fe, and Pb containing components. The presence of a Hg derivative in some of the sampled areas is supported by the LIF analysis; the uorescen ce spectrum is mainly assigned to the binding media with the spectral intensity and shape modi ed to some extent by the contribution of pigments. In some of the samples studied, a peak assigned to a -HgS is observed. The effect of low intensity KrF laser irradiation of the samples is examined; the combined observations point toward a laser cleaning effect except in the areas that contain the pigment 2PbCO 3 ·Pb(OH) 2 .
Advances in Spectroscopy: Molecules to Materials
Springer Proceedings in Physics, 2019
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1990
A maximum-entropy analysis of the problem of the rotameric distribution for
(2010) Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy
An introduction to the different types of molecular spectroscopic analysis, including UV-Vis, fluorescence, IR, MS and NMR, describing the basic principles of each technique and practical considerations including sample preparation. It is illustrated with simple diagrams, photographs of equipment and information to aid interpretation of spectra.
Fundamentals of Standard Spectroscopy
Spectroscopic Instrumentation, 2014
Thomas had been invited to the meeting of the SPECTROSCOPY section of the German Amateur Astronomy Association to give a talk about the winds of massive stars. Klaus wanted to hear it as well, and during the trip to Heidelberg he asked if Thomas believed whether amateurs are able to understand a mathematical derivative, at least. Thomas did not know and he became concerned. During the meeting some amateur astronomers discussed recently obtained Solar spectra and the respective optical depths. After Thomas had given his talk the first question was about the velocity law of stellar winds and its derivative. Question answered!
Studies in high resolution spectroscopy
1986
The ground state microwave spectra of hypochlorous acid (HOC1), carbonylchlorofluoride (FC1CO), and N-chlorodifluoromethylenimine (CF NCI), have been measured from 8 — 80 GHz and analyzed. The 8Q vibrational band of aminoborane (NH^BH^) near 1223 cm * has been recorded at a resolution of 0.004 cm * and analyzed. HOC1: Rotational constants and quartic centrifugal distortion constants were obtained for the following four isotopic species of hypochlorous acid: D^O^Cl, Q16Q37^^ H ^ O ^ C l and H^O^Cl. The centrifugal distortion constants were combined with vibrational wavenumbers from the literature to determine a valence harmonic force field which was used to calculate an average structure and an estimated equilibrium structure. Effective and full substitution structures have also been evaluated. FC1CO: An extensive set of transitions, to high J and K has been measured a 35 12 37 12 for the two most abundant species, F CI CO and F CI CO, which allowed accurate values for the rotational...
The Electromagnetic Spectrum15 Infrared Spectroscopy: Theory 155 u Chapter 15
An important tool of the organic chemist is Infrared Spectroscopy , or IR. IR spectra are acquired on a special instrument, called an IR spectrometer. IR is used both to gather information about the structure of a compound and as an analytical tool to assess the purity of a compound. IR spectra are quick and easy to run, and since the teaching labs are fortunate enough to have three of these instruments, students are encouraged to acquire spectra of compounds made in the laboratory throughout the first and second semesters of the lab course.
A Review on Spectroscopy and its Classification
REST Publisher, 2022
Spectroscopy, in this study, is introduced as a non-invasive and visual in situ diagnostic tool for mean plasma parameters, such as negative ion densities. Diagnostic lines for various plasma parameters and simplified analytical methods are identified and ready for direct use. Results derived from RF generated negative ion sources are emphasized, including an extract were negative ion current density correlates plasma parameters. Losses in the extraction system are calculated using beam emission spectroscopy. VSMs are sensitive to IR and chromophores are well adapted to their electrical environment, and when combined with synchronous nonlinear vibration tests, spontaneous fluctuation in condensed induced chemical and physical processes can be studied. Grids can be used immediately, both linearly and nonlinearly, to demonstrate the working principles of vibrational spectroscopy techniques. A molecular spectrum is vibrational or close to one of the electronic oscillations charged oscillates in a molecule with an external electromagnetic field. We note first that it involves interactions of particles. Characterization of the vibrational spectrum of a molecule absorbed on a solid surface bond and about the local chemical environment can provide insight.