Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium among School Children in Bauchi State, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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World Rural Observation, 2015
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among pupils (aged 6-13 years) of Community Primary School, Amagunze in Nkanu East LGA, Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of two hundred (200) urine samples were randomly collected from the pupils (87 males and 113 females). The urine samples were collected in the month of August, 2013 into sterile urine containers and were examined microscopically in the laboratory using string sedimentation technique. Hematuria was assessed using chemical reagent strip (medi-test combi-9 sticks). The overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection was 11 (5.5%); with 7 (8.0%) cases for males and 4 (3.5%) for females but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Prevalence rate was also observed to be higher among age group of 10-13 years with 4 (6.5%) compared to age group of 6-9 years with7 (5.1%), but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (P ˂ 0.05) between the pupils who were positive for schistosomiasis (11) and those who presented with hematuria (21). However, there was no close association between hematuria and the presence of eggs of S. haematobium in the urine. Hematuria gave a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 93% when compared to microscopy. The results of the findings show that the disease is endemic in the area under study. It is thus, recommended that control programs be organized in the state that would be geared towards creating awareness amongst the people and reducing the rate of infection.
Public Health, 1996
A preliminary investigation was conducted into factors that may bring about control of morbidity due to endemic urinary schistosomiasis in rural communities. A Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Beliefs (KAPB) study was conducted among primary schoolchildren (those with more than four years elementary education) in Ogbagba village, Osun State, Nigeria, from October 1990 to December 1993, to ascertain their understanding of urinary schistosomiasis. The study further assessed the potential of subjective haematuria, i.e. asking children with haematuria in the recent past to so indicate, in detecting urinary schistosomiasis. It was established that subjective haematuria is both sensitive and specific for detecting urinary schistosomiasis in endemic communities. The study also established that subjective haematuria offers a valid, easy to recognize target for morbidity control in endemic situation. It is proposed that with appropr!ate health education; availability of safe, effective, easy-to-administer drugs, such as praziquantel, morbidity control of urinary schistosomiasis is feasible within the primary health care system with the lower cadre health worker or even a volunteer village health worker (VVHW) at the centre of the control effort.
Animal Research International, 2019
Research has put Nigeria as a country with the highest burden of schistosomiasis in Africa with about 29 million persons living with the disease. Lack of adequate information about the disease has increased the risk of infection in endemic areas. This study evaluated the knowledge and perceptions about urinary schistosomiasis in Bende Local Government Area (LGA) of Abia, where the disease is endemic. A cross-sectional study of 150 consented respondents comprised 30 persons per community (Igbere, Ozuitem, Akoli imenyi, Item and Alayi) were selected using simple random techniques. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain data on their socio-demographic characteristics and information bothering on the knowledge, attitude and perception about urinary schistosomiasis. Less than half 63(42.0 %) of the respondents had the knowledge of the disease. The majority of those who knew about the disease was ignorant of the intermediate host 52(82.5 %) and drug of choice for the treatment 51(81.0 %). A greater number 48(76.2 %) recognized their streams as the source of infection. 1.6 % perceived those living with the disease as people suffering from their wrongdoing. Interestingly, most respondents 99(66.0%) have regular contact with the water bodies in the area and often experience skin itch afterwards 28(18.7 %). The study suggests a low awareness of urinary schistosomiasis in the study area. Health education programmes with emphasis on the intermediate host and the praziquantel for the treatment is recommended for a sustainable elimination strategy.
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Schistosomiasis caused chronic infection which can affect all aspects of a person's health and learning especially among school children. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis among school children in Pilgani District, Langtang North LGA, Plateau State. Two prelabeled specimen bottles were given to each school pupil for stool and urine samples collection. The stool samples were prepared using formal-ether concentration technique and examined for Schistosoma mansoni while the urine samples were centrifuged and the deposits was examined for S. haematobium. Reagent strips were used to detect microhaematuria and proteinuria in the urine samples. Out of the 284 school pupils examined, 70 (24.65 %) were infected among which 56(31.83 %) were males and 14 (12.96 %) were females. The age group 15-16 had the highest infection (38.89 %) while children within age group 5-6 had the least infection (11. 76 %). Pupils that used streams as their source of water had the highest infection but no infection was recorded among children using borehole water. There was significant (P<0.05) difference in the prevalence of the disease according to age, sex and sources of water used. The presence of microhaematuria and proteinuria was recorded in 21.13 % and 16. 20 % respectively of the pupils examined. Inadequate numbers of latrines with bad sanitation were the main risk factors associated with the disease transmission. A control program to decrease the prevalence and intensity should be implemented in this area to improve health status of the community.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2001
The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Pangani District (Tanzania) was assessed rapidly by a questionnaire approach. Based on the results, a strategy of selective treatment with praziquantel was adopted. Eleven primary schools in Mwera Divisron, Pangani District, with about 2500 schoolchildren were included in a control programme for urinary schistosomiasis. Macro-and microscopic haematuria diagnosed visually and with urine reagent strips was used as an indirect indicator of Schistosonza haematobium infection. Intensity of infection among children was monitored in class 5 (median age 14 years, range 1 l-17) by urine filtration techniques. Treatment was administered as 40 ma/kg praziquantel in a single dose atthe beginning ofthe school-year. The programme was implemented by ichooiteachers and coordinated bv the District Health Manaeement Team in collaboration with the District Education Of&e. Teachers were responsible for carrying Gut all programme activities. Community participation was through collaboration with TeacherssParents Associations and Village Health Committees. Coverage at yearly (1995-99) examination varied from 67.7% to 80.3%. Prevalence of haematuria decreased from 51.2% franee 22+2--89.5%) at baseline to 23.4% (range 5.8-56.7%) in 1999. a reduction of 54.3%. Macrobaezaturia was 21ai", at baseline and 7.2% & 1959, a reduction of 66.0%: Prevalence ofinfection in class 5 was reduced by 71.4% and geometric mean intensity of positives reduced from 71 eggs/l0 mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 52.5-97-7) to 28 eggs/lOmL (95% CI 25,7-55*0), a reduction of 606%. Teachers were highly committed, and secured community participation and a smooth implementation of the programme. The community accepted the introduction of a cost-recovery system, whereby parents pay for the treatment of children with episodes of visible haematuria during the school year. Communities also participated in the improvement of sanitary installations at the schools.
Urinary Schistosomiasis is endemic in Nigeria and is considered as one of the public health problem affecting inhabitants especially in rural areas. This study examines the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium among pupils in Kofa primary school, Tafa local government area Niger State. Urine samples were randomly collected (December, 2015-February, 2016) from 180 pupils 6-14 years of age in the study area. The samples were examined microscopically using string sedimentation techniques and chemical reagent strip for haematuria detection. Of the 180 urine samples examined, 15.6% were recorded as the overall prevalence rate of infection among the pupils. Infections in Males was 22.9% compared to 9.3 % in females, but statistically there was no significant difference (p=0.05).The infection rate was higher among 12-14 years of age group (28 %) followed by 9-11years (12.5%) and the least was among 6-8 years (8.6%), but the differences were not statistically significant. The infection rate was higher among students whose normal sources of drinking water was stream (31.7%), followed by those whose source of drinking water was well (10.8%) and the least infection was observed among those whose source was tap water (7.1%). There was also no significant difference between pupils who were positive for S. haematobium microscopically (10.3%) and those tested using chemical strip method (6.2%). There was heavy and very heavy infection of (19.3%) and (4.8%) among males compared to females with (9.3%) and 0(0.0%) respectively. From the findings of this study, it is recommended that regular monitoring and public health interventions be undertaken if the scourge is to be eradicated in endemic areas like Tafa.
Background. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, intensity of infection, and risk factors associated with urinary schistosomiasis among children in Murbai and Surbai communities of Ardo-Kola Local Government Area (LGA), Taraba State, Nigeria. Methods. Urine samples were analysed by the standard filtration technique using 10 ml syringe, Swinnex polypropylene filter holder (13 mm diameter), and polycarbonate membrane filters (12 m porosity). Sociodemographic data and water contact activities were collated from children using structured questionnaires. Results. A point prevalence of 58.54% was reported out of the urine samples examined. Males were significantly more infected than their female counterparts (71.15% versus 43.66%, 2 = 89.12, = 0.000). The age-related prevalence showed 6-10 and 11-15 years significantly infected with 78.70% and 73.02%, respectively ( 2 = 89.12, = 0.000). Light intensity of infection, 62.51%, was significantly higher than heavy intensity, 37.48%, among the infected children ( 2 = 365.8, = 0.000). Water contact activities such as fishing (OR = 4.01, CI = 3.04-5.61, = 0.000), rice farming (OR = 4.01, CI = 2.96-5.36, = 0.000), and dry season farming (OR = 4.78, CI = 3.68-6.22, = 0.000) were the risk factors exposing children to infection in the area. Conclusion. There is an urgent need to undertake a large scale deworming control programme using praziquantel in the area.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
Background: Urinary schistosomiasis (US), caused by Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium) has reported very high in Cameroon and children were more infected. The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of US and risk factors among school children at Matta-Barrage in Magba subdivision. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during one month period from May to June, 2019 among pupils at Matta-Barrage public school after parental consent. The sample was taken after physical exercise and the urine was collected at the end of micturition in a sterile urine container. Data collected were performed using SPSS version 25.0 and P-value ˂ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 300 pupils enrolled, the overall prevalence of US was 43.0% and among children infested, 82.17% (106/129) had hematuria and 58.13% (75/129) had dysuria. The positivity rate of S. haematobium was higher in boys (69.0%; 89/129) versus (vs.) 31.0% (40/129) for the girls (P=0.03) and the children aged between 8-10 years were more infested (44.78%; 57/129), P=0.38. Regarding the risk factors, the multivariate analysis shows that sources of washing, sources of cooking/drinking water, and ethnic groups such as Arabe, Kotoko, Fulbe and Tikar were statistically associated with S. haematobium infestation (P˂ 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of US remain high among school children at Matta-Barrage in Magba subdivision. Meanwhile, the boys and childen aged 8-10 years were more infested. The risk factors such as sources of washing, sources of cooking/drinking water, and ethnic groups such as Arabe, Kotoko, Fulbe, and Tikar were statistically associated with S. haematobium infestation.
Parasites & Vectors, 2016
Background: The national burden of genito-urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria has been expressed by an estimate of 101.3 million people at risk with an alarming figure of 29 million infected. Report obtained from respondents about Praziquantel® distribution and the obviously prevalent haematuria without any control programme in place justified the need for data on the prevalence, intensity of infection and associated risk factors which were the objectives this cross-sectional survey sought to address. Methods: A total of 718 students aged 10-23 years from the study area were surveyed between May and August, 2015. Data on socio-demographic and risk factors were obtained using structured questionnaires. Clean universal bottles with corresponding labels were offered for sample collection between 10:00 am and 13:30 pm. Centrifuged samples were microscopically examined and intensity of infection was recorded per 10 ml of each sample. Results: Prevalence of genito-urinary schistosomiasis was 22.7 % with a mean intensity of 25.05 (± standard deviation, ± 71.51) eggs/10 ml of urine. Higher prevalence (19.5 %) and mean intensity (28.7 eggs/10 ml of urine) was recorded among boys. Sex (χ 2 = 77.065, P < 0.0001), age group 16-18 (χ 2 = 5.396, P = 0.0202), altitude (χ 2 = 8.083, P = 0.0045), unwholesome water sources (χ 2 = 27.148, P < 0.0001), human recreational activities (χ 2 = 122.437, P < 0.0001), mothers' occupation (χ 2 = 6.359, P = 0.0117), farming (χ 2 = 6.201, P = 0.0128) and other brown collar jobs (χ 2 = 4.842, P = 0.0278) in fathers' occupational category were found to be significantly associated with urogenital schistosomiasis. Boys were seven times more likely to be infected compared to girls [AOR (95 % CI): 7.3 (4.26-12.4)]. Age group 16-18 years was four times more likely to be infected compared to age group 10-12 years [AOR (95 % CI): 4.43 (2.62-7.49)]. Similarly, respondents with farming as fathers' occupation were twice more likely to be infected than those whose fathers were civil servants [AOR (95 % CI): 2.08 (1.2-3.59)]. Conclusions: Dutsin-Ma and Safana were classified as moderate-risk Local Government Areas (LGA). Sex, altitude, unwholesome water sources and mothers' occupation were identified as the determining epidemiological factors in the prevalence of the disease. Sustainable chemotherapeutic intervention with Praziquantel®, good network of treated pipe-borne water, health education and waste disposal facilities are highly recommended to reduce its prevalence below the threshold of public health significance.