ESSENTIAL OIL CONSTITUENTS OF SWERTIA CILIATA D.DON EX G.DON. FROM KUMAUN HIMALAYA, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA (original) (raw)

Swertia chirata-A Wonderful Herb

IJPBR, 2022

The Binomial Name is Swertia chirata Buch Ham. Because it grows in Nepal's forests, S.chirata is also known as Nepali Neem. Since the 18th century, India has used S.chirata as a medicinal plant, which Europe has introduced and recommended abroad. It can potentially treat anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-bacterial, wound healing, hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, antitussive, antipyretic, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-tumor. It belongs to the Family: Gentianaceae, Genus: Swertia, and Species: Chirata. This review article contains all the relevant information regarding its morphology, microscopy, phytochemistry, plant description, taxonomy, substitutes of S. chirata, pharmacological activities of the plant. The review article aims to provide brief knowledge about this drug among people and researchers.

Swertia SPP: A Source of Bitter Compounes for Medicinal Use

1995

ABSTRACT: Swertia is an important genus used in Indian medicine. A comprehensive review on this genus is presented in this article. Genus Swertia Linn belongs to the family gentianaceae. There are 90 species of this genus are cosmopolitan in distribution (Kirtikar and Basu, 1975). Swertia is a large

Swertia (Gentianaceae): Chemical and Pharmacological Aspects

Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2004

A compilation of the constituents isolated from Swertia species covering the literature up to December 2003 is presented. The botanical classification and ethno-pharmacology of Swertia plants, as well as the biological activities and pharmacological applications of both distinct phytochemicals and medicinally acitve plant materials (formulations, extracts, etc.) are discussed in detail.

Chemical Composition and Pharmacology of a Medicinal Herb: Swertia Chirata

Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia, 2020

Swertia chirata is used as folkore medicine in the treatment of mental disorders ulcers, liver disorder, febrifuge, anthelmintic, antimalarial, skin diseases etc. Phytochemical screening of the extract prepared by soxhlet apparatus confirmed the presence of broader range of bioactive chemical constituents like steroids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. So, the present review based on whole literature available about the medicinal plant was designed to describe the whole work which is carried out about the Swertia chirata. We have also summarized the possibilities of carrying out of unexplored work on the plant in the future.

Comparative Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Three species of Swertia L. (Gentianaceae)

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2011

Swertia spp. (Gentianaceae) commonly known as Chiraita in herbal drug markets of India is used to protect liver and a wide range of diseases. The official species Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) Karsten is known for its potent activity against malaria, liver-disorder, fever, diabetes and also as appetite stimulant. However, several other species of Swertia viz. S. alata (Royle ex D. Don) clarke and S. paniculata Wall. are being used as substitutes /adulterants for S. chiraita in India, Japan, china, Pakistan and other Asian countries. In the present communication a comparative botanical, phytochemical and qualitative analysis of biomarker Oleanolic acid in S. chirayita along with two allied species of Swertia has been done.

Comparative thin layer chromatographic evaluation of some Western Himalayan Swertia species

2017

Swertia chirayita (family Gentianaceae), source of important Indian Ayurvedic drug “chirayita’’, is an imperative medicinal plant in Indian system of medicine known for its bitter principles. The bitterness in S. chirayita is due to presence of two secoiridoid glycosides amarogentin and amaroswerin. However, due to its high demand and scarcity, it is being frequently adulterated with other species of Swertia which are more readily available. Presently almost all the similar looking species of Swertia are marketed as ‘chirayita’ without any rationale which is affecting the potency of the drug. Present studies focused on evaluating Swertia chirayita along with its four common adulterants by developing TLC fingerprinting profile in petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts employing amarogentin as a reference marker to distinguish genuine chirayita from its adulterants. The study revealed methanol soluble fraction of five Swertia species viz. Swertia chirayita, S. alata, S. ang...

Phytochemical investigation of crude methanol extracts of different species of Swertia from Nepal

BMC Research Notes, 2015

Background: The genus Swertia is reported to contain potent bitter compounds like iridoids, xanthones and c-glucoflavones that are known to heal many human disorders. In contrast to high ethnomedicinally valued Swertia chirayita, its other species have not been studied extensively, in spite of their common use in traditional medicinal system in Nepalese communities. So, the present study attempts to investigate the content of total polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and estimate the rough content of amarogentin, swertiamarin and mangiferin from different species of Swertia from Nepalese Himalayas. Methods: Whole plant parts of S. chirayita (SCH), S. angustifolia (SAN), S. paniculata (SPA), S. racemosa (SRA), S. nervosa (SNE), S. ciliata (SCI) and S. dilatata (SDI) were collected; total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified spectrophotometrically and in vitro DPPH free radical scavenging assay was measured. Thin layer chromatography was performed on TLC aluminium plates pre-coated with silica gel for identification of swertiamarin, amarogentin and mangiferin from those species and semi quantitative estimation was done using GelQuant.NET software using their standard compounds. Results: The phenolic content was highest in the methanol extract of SCH (67.49 ± 0.5 mg GAE/g) followed by SDI, SRA, SNE, SCI, SPA and SAN. The contents of flavonoids were found in the order of SCH, SPA, SRA, SNE, SDI, SCI and SAN. Promising concentration of phenolics and flavonoids produced promising DPPH free radical scavenging values. The IC50 values for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test was lowest in SCH (23.35 ± 0.6 μg/ml), even lower than the standard ascorbic acid among the seven studied species. A significant correlation of 0.977 was observed between the polyphenol content and antioxidant values. The TLC profile showed the presence of all three major phytochemicals; amarogentin, swertiamarin and mangiferin in all of the plant samples. Conclusion: Among the seven studied species, SCH showed anticipating results in total phenol content, flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging test. The less considered species of Swertia can be a potential source of bioactive amarogentin, and other useful therapeutic compounds in the alarming status of Swertia chirayita as shown by the phytochemical analysis.

Physico-chemical analysis of some temperate Himalayan Swertia species

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2018

Swertia chirayita (Family Gentianaceae) source of Indian Ayurvedic drug “chirata’’, is an important medicinal plant of Western Himalaya known for its potent activity against malaria, liver-disorder, fever, gastrointestinal infection and diabetes. Due to its high demand and scarcity, several other species of Swertia viz. Swertia alata, Swertia angustifolia, Swertia cordata, Swertia purpurascens and Swertia paniculata etc. are being used as substitutes /adulterants for Swertia chirayita in India, Japan, China, Pakistan and other Asian Countries. In order to check this adulteration and to assure genuineness of ‘true chirayita’, it is essential to know the detailed physico-chemical features of a drug plant. The present study was carried out on some Swertia species i.e., S. chirayita, S. alata, S. cordata, S. angustifolia and S. purpurascens for discriminating Swertia chirayita from its adulterants.Various ash and extractives values observed in this study may help in differentiating “Tru...