Characteristics of Temperature and Rainfall in Bangladesh: A historical perspective 1948-2011 (original) (raw)
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Climate Change in Bangladesh: Evidence from Temperature, Precipitation, and Rainfall
International Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, 2020
Lying on the Bay of Bengal most of the area of Bangladeshis less than 10 m above sea level and ranked 160 out of 181 countries for climate vulnerability to climate change. Nowadays climate change is a great challenge for most countries in the world and Bangladesh has already faced significant challenges to climate change although making only a small contribution to global emissions. The impact of climate change in Bangladesh is severe by already affecting livelihoods, food, and water security, ecosystems, and infrastructure, etc and climate-related hazards will be severe in the future. Bangladesh has already been facing a gradual increase in temperature and precipitation, while overall weather patterns erratic and less predictable than before. The rainfall pattern has also changed significantly due to climate change. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the changing pattern of temperature, precipitation and rainfall patterns due to climate change. The study of this paper tries to build an overall climate scenario in Bangladesh by analyzing the temperature, precipitation, and rainfall changes over time. The result of this study finds that the overall temperature tends to increases by 1 0 C, 1.6 0 C, 2 0 C, and 2.4 0 C in the year 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. Precipitation also projected to increases in 2030, 2050 and 2070. The rainfall pattern will change significantly in the last half of the century.
Climate Change in Bangladesh: A Historical Analysis of Temperature and Rainfall Data
The article provides an assessment of climate change and variability based on analysis of historical data of temperature and rainfall recorded at 34 meteorological stations located at seven regions in Bangladesh for the period of 1976-2008. The trend of variation of yearly average maximum temperature has been found to be increasing at a rate of 0.0186 o C per year, whereas the rate was 0.0152 o C per year for yearly average minimum temperature. Analysis of monthly average maximum temperature also showed increasing trend for all months except January and April. The increasing trend was particularly significant for May to September and February. Monthly average minimum temperature data also showed increasing trends for all months except January and November. Analysis of rainfall data showed that for a large majority of stations, the total rainfall showed increasing trend for monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, while decreasing trend was observed for the winter; pre-monsoon rainfall did not show any significant change. These observations are particularly significant in the context of Bangladesh where agriculture is heavily dependent on temperature and rainfall patterns.
CLIMATE CHANGE TRENDS IN BANGLADESH: A SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL OBSERVATION OF CLIMATIC PARAMETERS
This study aims to observe the historical changes in climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, sunshine hour and cloud cover on the basis of the measured meterological data from 34 BMD (Bangladesh Meteorological Department) stations. Not only for the country summary, but also the regional trends have been analized along with majir cities using data for the period of 1960-2011. Pearson corelation have been coinducted to identify the significants of the change in 90% and 95% confidence level. An increasing trend for all temperature indicators (maximum, minimum and average temperature) have been observed and the change have found statistically significant. The South West Region has the highest yearly average temperature (1.33 oC/100 year). Maximum of daily maximum temperature is highest in Sitakunda (8.633 o C/100 year). On the other hand, maximum of daily minimum temperature is highest in Kutubdia (2.5 33 oC/100 year). All the regions experience maximum relative humidity throughout the year. Another climate parameter, sunshine hour has been analyzed to find out historical trends. This parameter has a decadal decreasing trend for the entire country. The highest decrease (0.52 hr/decade) in sunshine hour was in the North Central Region. On the other hand, it decreases in minimum quantity (0.52 hr/decade) in the South Central Region. In the case of cloud cover, decadal values show both increasing and decreasing trends, except for two regions (South Central & South East), which have an increasing trend. Maximum decreasing trend is observed in the River & Estuary Region (0.93 Okta/decade) while maximum increasing trend is observed in the South Central Region. The findings of this study would be helpful to researchers working in sectors such as: water resources, fisheries, forestry, agriculture, environment etc. In addition, climate experts and policy governens can also set a base climatic status of Bangladesh and cross check model derived climate projection results with the findings of this study. Keywords: Climate Change, Historical Trend, Statistical Significance, Temperature, Rainfall.
Recent trends in the climate of Bangladesh
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ABSTRACT: Rainfall and temperature data recorded at 17 meteorological stations over the time period 1958–2007 were used to assess recent changes in the climate of Bangladesh. The results show increasing mean, mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures at a rate of 0.103, 0.091 and 0.097 C per decade, respectively. More warming was observed for winter compared to other seasons. Increases in annual and pre-monsoon rainfall were also observed at a rate of 5.53 and 2.47 mm yr–1, respectively.
The Climatic Condition of Bangladesh: Scenario of Dhaka
Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology, 2019
Bangladesh's climate is consisting of medium to high rainfall, high relative humidity, and high temperature. Due to global warming effects, Bangladesh subjected to many kinds of natural disasters. To understand climate change impacts in Bangladesh, one has to understand the climatic condition of this country. In this paper, annual rainfall, average maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity data were collected and analyzed to understand the climatic condition of the country. It has been seen that, the rainfall rate of this country is decreasing year to year but the temperature is increasing than previous years. The average relative humidity is almost constant.
Trend of rainfall and temperature in different regions of Bangladesh during the last five decades
Citation: Ali, M.H, A.K.M.R. Islam and M.G.M. Amin ( 2007). Trend of temperature and rainfall over Bangladesh during the last five decades. J. Agrometeorol.,9(1): 26-33. Abstract Time series of yearly and monthly rainfall, and monthly maximum and minimum temperatures at five stations covering different regions of Bangladesh were investigated for temporal and spatial trends. The study reveals no significant trend in annual rainfall. Significant decreasing trend of monthly rainfall during monsoon (wet season) at two stations and increasing trend during dry season at several stations are observed. Time series of monthly maximum and minimum temperatures appear to follow some trends, showing increase and decrease at two extremes, respectively. Time series of minimum temperature showed inconsistent trends throughout the year and also between stations.
Trend of rainfall and temperature in different regions of Bangladesh during last five decades
Journal of agrometeorology
fime series ol yearly and monthly rainfall, and monthly maximum and nrin r.rum temperatures at five stations covering different regions of Ban!,adesh were investigated for temporal and spatial trends. The study rcvo:r s no significant trend in annual rainfall. Significant decreasing trend ot nrontlrly rainfall during monsoon (wet season) at two stations and increasing
Bangladesh is one in all the foremost climate vulnerable countries of the world. In recent years, climate change studies over the country get plenty of attention by the researchers and policy makers. A substantial quantity of global climate change studies over the country use climate models to estimate future projections and uncertainties. Maximum temperature, precipitation and their potential future changes are evaluated in an ensemble of the 5th Phase Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5) within the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) diagnostic exercise for the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and the available historical data collected by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) during the period 1981-2008 in the northwestern region of Bangladesh and also the comparison between these two values. It has been found that average maximum temperature shows a positive trend of increase at a rate of 0.29˚C and 5.3˚C per century respectively , for BMD data and MPI-ESM-LR (CMIP5) model data. But the rainfall is decreasing at a rate of 8.8 mm and 40.1 mm per century respectively for BMD data and MPI-ESM-LR (CMIP5) model data. It is seen that July was the maximum monsoon rainfall month and January was the lowest rainfall month. The peak frequency is slightly smaller than 12 months, which indicates that the major events are occurring before ending a year compared to the previous year. According to MPI-ESM-LR (CMIP5) model data, future normal temperature on northwestern region will be increased at a rate of 1.62˚C during the period 2040-2100.
High population density, inadequate infrastructure and low adaptive capacity have made the urban population of Bangladesh highly vulnerable to climate change. Trends in climate and climate-related extreme events in five major cities have been analyzed in this paper to decipher the variability and ongoing changes in urban Bangladesh. An analysis of 55 years (1958-2012) of daily rainfall and temperature data using nonparametric statistical methods shows a significant increase in annual and seasonal mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures in all five cities. A significant increase in climate-related extreme events, such as heavy rainfall events ([20 mm), hot days ([32°C) and hot nights ([25°C), is also observed. Climate model results suggest that these trends will continue through the twenty-first century. Vulnerability of urban livelihoods and physical structures to climate change is estimated by considering certainty and timing of impacts. It has been predicted that public health and urban infrastructures, viz. water and power supply, would be the imminent affected sectors in the urban areas of Bangladesh. Adaptation measures that can be adopted to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change are also discussed.