Development and Validation of Parenting Style Scale (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Community Psychology, 2009
Indian Child and Family Services The current investigation puts forth the authors' conceptualization of a cultural approach to implementing evidence-based practices with American Indian (AI) families. Their approach involves two phases, the motivational phase, which sets an historical context for current difficulties; and the intervention phase, which links evidence-based skills with cultural traditions, beliefs, and values. Herein, they present preliminary evidence for the efficacy of the intervention phase, overlaid onto the Incredible Years parenting program (Webster-Stratton, 1992). Forty-nine families with American Indian children, ages 3-11 (26 boys), participated in the study; all families participated in the motivational phase and were subsequently randomized to the culturally linked intervention or a control condition. Significant pre-and postimprovements in parenting and child behavior were observed in the intervention group. Moreover, a majority of participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention. Results are discussed in relation to Data Collection Supported by California Endowment. Support for conceptualization of the larger issues within our intervention approach by the National Institute on Drug Abuse
Family Intervention in Indigenous Communities: Emergent Issues in Conducting Outcome Research
Australasian Psychiatry, 2007
Objective: Indigenous children and youth are at greater risk of emotional and behavioural problems than non-Indigenous youth, with family life stresses and parenting style identified as common risk factors. There is substantial evidence that parenting programs can improve family relationships and improve child outcomes, however little research has focused on Indigenous communities. Our team is conducting research to evaluate a culturally sensitive adaptation of a mainstream intervention, the Group Triple P – Positive Parenting Program, for Indigenous families. This paper shares some of the insights into research and clinical issues gained as non-Indigenous researchers working with urban, rural and remote Indigenous communities. Methods: The experience of the research team and feedback from practitioners and parents have been drawn on for this discussion. Conclusions: Parenting programs need to be sensitive to the political and cultural context in which parenting takes place, flexibl...
Construction and Validation of Scale of Parenting Style
This paper describes the development and standardization of a measure of perceived parenting style. The four styles namely authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and negligent proposed by Baumrind (1971) are scaled based on a quadrant of high and low levels of parental responsiveness and control suggested by Maccoby and Martin (1983). The items are constructed on socio-cultural and educational circumstances of adolescent students in Kerala, India. Hence, the tool will be largely suitable for scaling the four parenting styles among south Asian adolescent students. The tool has good criterion related validity and test-retest reliability. Parents have huge impact on a person's life. Number of studies in the area of parenting matches its importance on the developing person. Parenting process combines all the activities of the parents that intended to support their children's wellbeing. One of the most studied approaches to understanding parental influences on human development is concept of parenting style (Baumrind, 1967). Baumrind proposed parenting styles as correlates to socialization of the children. Then many researches recognized the importance of researching role of parenting style in child development (Kordi,
Parenting capacity assessments (PCA) have been used in the child intervention system in Canada since at least the 1970s. They are used in other Western jurisdictions including the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and the United States. There is a relatively large literature that considers the ways in which these assessments might be conducted. This thesis, drawing upon the prior work of the candidate, seeks to show that, despite widespread use, the PCA is a colonial methodology that should not be used with Indigenous peoples of Canada. The PCA draws upon Eurocentric understandings of parenting, definitions of minimal or good enough parenting, definitions of family and community as well as the use of methods that have neither been developed nor normed with Indigenous peoples. Using critical theory, particularly “Red Pedagogy” which is rooted in an Indigenous lens, the PCA is deconstructed to examine applicability to Indigenous populations of Canada, and potentially other populations that do not fit a Eurocentric understanding of family and parenting. Implications for clinical practice with Indigenous peoples are drawn which may have relevance for other populations.
Stimulating Parenting Practices in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Mexican Communities
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2017
Parenting may be influenced by ethnicity; marginalization; education; and poverty. A critical but unexamined question is how these factors may interact to compromise or support parenting practices in ethnic minority communities. This analysis examined associations between mothers' stimulating parenting practices and a range of child-level (age; sex; and cognitive and socio-emotional development); household-level (indigenous ethnicity; poverty; and parental education); and community-level (economic marginalization and majority indigenous population) variables among 1893 children ages 4-18 months in poor; rural communities in Mexico. We also explored modifiers of associations between living in an indigenous community and parenting. Key findings were that stimulating parenting was negatively associated with living in an indigenous community or family self-identification as indigenous (β = −4.25; SE (Standard Error) = 0.98; β = −1.58; SE = 0.83 respectively). However; living in an indigenous community was associated with significantly more stimulating parenting among indigenous families than living in a non-indigenous community (β = 2.96; SE = 1.25). Maternal education was positively associated with stimulating parenting only in indigenous communities; and household crowding was negatively associated with stimulating parenting only in non-indigenous communities. Mothers' parenting practices were not associated with child sex; father's residential status; education; or community marginalization. Our findings demonstrate that despite greater community marginalization; living in an indigenous community is protective for stimulating parenting practices of indigenous mothers.
Exploring Indigenous Community Conceptions of Parent Wellbeing: A Qualitative Analysis
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Using non-Indigenous perspectives of parental social and emotional wellbeing in the design and application of parent support programs can undermine program effectiveness as it may not account for Indigenous family structures and community values. With a clearer understanding of Indigenous parent wellbeing and its determinants, parenting interventions can be more appropriately designed and tailored to provide support for Indigenous families. This study utilised a community-based participatory action research approach involving collaboration between the research team, participants, and community advisory groups to explore Indigenous parents’ and carers’ conceptions of wellbeing. Participants’ cultural perspectives on parent wellbeing were collected through semi-structured focus groups and in-depth interviews (N = 20). Thematic analysis was undertaken using theory-driven and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Eleven themes emerged as risk and protective factors across three doma...
Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 2021
Título: Estilos parentales materno y paterno en conjunto: validación de la forma simple de la Escala de Evaluación del Estilo Parental Resumen: La Escala para la Evaluación del Estilo Parental (EEEP) pregunta a los adolescentes sobre los estilos educativos de sus padres por separado ("tu padre" y "tu madre") o de forma conjunta ("tus padres"), pero solo se ha evaluado la validez en la versión por separado. El objetivo de este traba-jo fue evaluar la validez de las inferencias de la versión conjunta. Se reclutó una muestra de 1507 adolescentes, de 12 a 18 años. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios en dos submuestras independien-tes. Después se probó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para com-probar la asociación de las subescalas de la EEEP con desenlaces de los adolescentes (optimismo, pesimismo y resultados académicos). Los resulta-dos muestran buenas medidas de ajuste de la estructura del instrumento. Además, las subescalas mostraron asociación con los desenlaces. La EEEP puede ser usada con fiabilidad en su forma conjunta, resultando en una re-ducción de ítems, los cual es a menudo beneficioso para la investigación. Palabas clave: Validación. Estilos parentales. Modelo de ecuaciones es-tructurales. Adolescencia. Abstract: Oliva's Escala para la Evaluación del Estilo Parental (EEEP) [Scale for the evaluation of parenting styles] asks adolescents about their parents' education styles separately ("your father" and "your mother") or in a combined way ("your parents"), but only the separated version has been tested for validity. The objective of this work was to carry out a validation of the combined version. A sample of 1507 adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years, was recruited. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were run in two independent subsamples. Then, structural equation models (SEM) were run in order to test the association between the EEEP's subscales and adolescent outcomes (optimism, pessimism, and academic achievement). Results showed a good fit of the instruments' structure. Furthermore, the subscales showed associations with the outcomes. The EEEP can be reliably used in its combined form, which results in a reduction of items, often beneficial for research.
BMC Public Health, 2021
Background: Trauma within Native American communities compromises parents' parenting capacity; thus, increasing childrens' risk for substance use and suicide over the lifespan. The objective of this manuscript is to describe the Wakȟáŋyeža (Little Holy One) intervention and evaluation protocol, that is designed to break cycles of intergenerational trauma, suicide, and substance use among Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux parents and their children. Methods: A randomized controlled trial with an embedded single-case experimental design will be used to determine effectiveness of the modular prevention intervention on parent-child outcomes and the added impact of unique cultural lesson-components. Participants include 1) Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux parents who have had adverse childhood experiences, and 2) their children (3-5 years). Parent-child dyads are randomized (1:1) to Little Holy One or a control group that consists of 12 lessons taught by Indigenous community health workers. Lessons were developed from elements of 1) the Common Elements Treatment Approach and Family Spirit, both evidence-based interventions, and 2) newly created cultural (intervention) and nutrition (control group only) lessons. Primary outcomes are parent (primary caregiver) trauma symptoms and stress. Secondary outcomes include: Parent depression symptoms, parenting practices, parental control, family routines, substance use, historical loss, communal mastery, tribal identity, historical trauma. Child outcomes include, externalizing and internalizing behavior and school attendance. Primary analysis will follow an intent-to-treat approach, and secondary analysis will include examination of change trajectories to determine impact of cultural lessons and exploration of overall effect moderation by age and gender of child and type of caregiver (e.g., parent, grandparent). Discussion: Many Native American parents have endured adverse childhood experiences and traumas that can negatively impact capacity for positive parenting. Study results will provide insights about the potential of a
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
Background. Parents are especially important for young teens, and they have a considerable impact on adolescents' development and social adaptation. One of the important factors for understanding parental influence on children's development is the concept of "parenting style". Objectives. Due to the lack of standard instruments to measure parenting style, this study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Parenting Style-Four Factor Questionnaire (PS-FFQ). Material and methods. The study included 992 mothers of female students in Tabriz, Iran. Construct validity was assessed by using exploratory factor analyses with varimax rotation and principal component analysis extraction method and by confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, the feasibility of the measure was judged based on ceiling and floor effects. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined using internal consistency. Results. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed four factors, which included 30 of the 32 items and also accounted for 32.91% of the variance. In the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the fit indices indicated: Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.92, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.90, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.04, providing a strong fit to the data. The internal consistency for the overall scale was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70). Conclusions. The PS-FFQ provides a more comprehensive assessment of parenting styles of adolescents' parents and may be suitable for wider use. It could also be applicable for psychologists and researchers to examine and identify parenting styles.