Biogradska predromanička skulptura / Pre-Romanesque Sculpture from Biograd near Zadar (original) (raw)

2017, Ars Adriatica

U članku se analizira sačuvana predromanička skulptura iz Biograda koja se temeljem stilskih i likovno-morfoloških karakteristika nastoji grupirati u homogene skupine i atribuirati klesarskim produkcijama djelatnima od posljednjih desetljeća 8. do kraja 9. stoljeća. Najveći broj ulomaka prepoznat je kao rad nedavno definiranog klesarskog ateljea nazvanog Radionica plutejâ zadarske katedrale, a čije je djelovanje pritom okvirno datirano u posljednja desetljeća 8. i(li) na sami početak 9. stoljeća. Nekoliko ostalih ulomaka povezano je s klesarskim radionicama djelatnima u vrijeme hrvatskih knezova Trpimira i Branimira, a čime su ujedno datirani oko sredine, tj. u posljednju četvrtinu 9. stoljeća. Za većinu preostalih reljefa bilo je tek moguće ustvrditi da pokazuju karakteristike zreloga predromaničkog stila 9. stoljeća, dok su tri zanimljiva ulomka temeljem njihovih stilskih karakteristika datirana u nešto kasnije razdoblje, dva od njih u sredinu 11., a treći u prvu četvrtinu 12. stoljeća. Konačno, analizom i atribuiranjem triju ulomaka dvaju pilastara koji su naknadno preklesani u arhitrav, a koji su pronađeni u zadarskoj crkvi Sv. Krševana, utvrđena je kronološka distinkcija između dviju ranih klesarskih produkcija djelatnih na širem zadarskom području, a od kojih je jedna Radionica plutejâ zadarske katedrale, pa se time ujedno uspjelo doći i do preciznije datacije najveće grupe predromaničkih reljefa iz Biograda. // This paper analyses the extant pre-Romanesque sculpture from Biograd, classifying it into homogeneous groups based on stylistic and visual-morphological features, and attributing it to various stone-carving workshops active from the last decades of the 8 th until the late 9 th century. Most of the fragments have been associated with the recently identified atelier called " Workshop of the Plutei of the Zadar Cathedral " and dated approximately to the last decades of the 8 th or the very beginning of the 9 th century. Some of the remaining fragments have been linked to the stone-carving workshops active in the times of the Croatian dukes Trpimir and Branimir, and thus dated to the middle and the last quarter of the 9 th century, respectively. As for the rest of the reliefs, it has only been possible to establish that they show features of mature pre-Romanesque style typical of the 9 th century, with three interesting fragments dated to a somewhat later period based on their stylistic features: two of them to the mid-11 th and the third to the first quarter of the 12 th century. Finally, an analysis and attribution of three fragments of two pilasters that were later re-carved as an architrave, discovered in St Chrysogonus' church in Zadar, has helped the author to establish a chronological distinction between two early stone-carving productions identified in the broader Zadar region. One of them is the " Workshop of the Plutei of the Zadar Cathedral " , which helps in dating the largest group of pre-Romanesque reliefs from Biograd with greater accuracy.