The Challenges of Confronting Transnational Terrorism: A Focus on Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria (original) (raw)

Prolongation of Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: The International Dimensions

Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2014

Boko Haram insurgency has constituted a nagging predicament to the Nigerian state since it's resurgence in 2010. The dexterity, sophistication and fluidity of the terrorist group within the North East geopolitical zone coupled with its prolonged confrontation with the Nigerian state as the sole legitimate monopolist of the instruments of force and violence has apparently, conferred the toga of invincibility on Boko Haram. But is Boko Haram truly invincible? What is the critical factor responsible for the prolongation of Boko Haram insurgency in North East Nigeria? Against this backdrop, this study based on grand narratives found in literature and analyzed through content analysis recognizes that there are international dimensions to the Boko Haram saga in Nigeria. However, it argues that one crucial international dimension responsible for the persistence of Boko Haram insurgency is the transformation of the imbroglio into a regional conflict traversing Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria. With the use of the regional conflict formation analytical perspective, the paper posits that as a result of the geographic proximity of Nigeria to Cameroon, Chad and Niger, the linkage of people from the four countries and the permeability of Nigeria's borders in the North East geopolitical zone, Boko Haram insurgency has virtually developed into a system of conflict. Therefore it cannot be annihilated without a synergistic approach involving these four countries.

GLOBAL CHALLENGES OF NIGERIA FOREIGN POLICY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY

The key significance of international strategy in the headway of national enthusiasm outside the guest has for some time been perceived. The ongoing year has seen momentous difficulties in Nigeria's outer connection because of local security insurgency, for example, Boko Haram, Fulani herders, criminals, and scoundrels. This paper for the most part examines the Boko haram insurrection and its impacts on Nigeria's international strategy utilising the linkage theory. Subjective techniques for examination were utilised, drawing to a great extent from auxiliary sources. Discoveries from this paper show that the activities of Boko Haram constitute a serious threat to the development of Nigeria. Aside, the socioeconomic implications, the human costs are of great concern to everybody in Nigeria.This paper, therefore, recommends the need for more foreign policy engagement in the direction of human security especially as it relates to youth employment and protects the liberty of citizens

Terrorism and Insurgency in Nigeria and her neighboring countries: the Boko Haram Experience

IJASS JOURNAL, 2022

The U.S State department defined terrorism as "the premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against a noncombatant targets by sub-national groups". It went further to define terrorism as "the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to inculcate fear, intended to coerce or to intimidate governments in the pursuit of goals that are political, religious or ideological. In light of this, the expansion of Boko Haram insurgency beyond the Nigeria boundary to include its neighbors, has now left Nigeria, and other West African countries and the international community to tackle such actions of Boko Haram, seeing to it that it is not just an internal problem for Nigeria but also a global crisis which requires all necessary support to ensuring lasting peace in Nigeria. Therefore, making use of the historical method of discuss and analysis, the paper adopted a qualitative research methodology approach. The paper concluded that the future security of Nigeria and the sub-region lies in consensual, well coordinated, well-structured and well-resourced interventions by national and regional forces. But more than that, the overall success in resolving the Boko Haram threat calls for sustained measures aimed at intricately addressing the social, economic and political issues that galvanized terrorist radicalization that gave Boko Haram a foot hold in Nigeria.

Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria Man, the state, and the international system

Since the July 2009 Boko Haram terrorist outburst in Nigeria, there have been increasing questions on the phenomenon in the country. There has not been any substantial analysis on the emergence of the Boko Haram group and its terrorist activities in Nigeria as the outrage continues. This study is advanced to explain the phenomenon of Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria. It employs the levels of analysis framework popular in the fi eld of international relations to explain the terrorism at three major levels: individual, state and international. The study relies on dependable news reports, which include interviews with key actors relevant to the subject matter, and fi nds that Boko Haram terrorism has its roots in the ideology and motivations of its founder and members, the failures and defi ciencies of the Nigerian state, and the modern trend of religious terrorism in the international system.

Terrorism in Nigeria: The Case of the Boko Haram

2015

This work examines the complex phenomenon of global terrorism in a fast evolving International Order (the New World Order) that is driven by the wheel of globalization as a historical process. The discourse is domesticated within the Nigeria geographical space with the onslaught of the Boko Haram attack on the Nigerian state; its premier institutional bulwark represented by the military and its vulnerable populations as case study. The article presents Nigeria as a deeply divided society that is exploited by the terrorist to their advantage. The work contained herein is anchored on the failed state and the relative deprivation theoretical model to sustain its thrust and give meaning to the arguments articulated. The methodology depended-on for data leans heavily on the analysis of secondary sources within the traditional liberal and social science orientations. Finally, the article presents a set of recommendations that could contribute in the reversal of the grounds covered by the ...

The Impact of the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: A Multi-Sectoral Analysis

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, 2022

Using the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) and qualitative methodological approach, this article examines the impact of the Boko Haram insurgency on the various sectors and arenas of security as proposed by proponents of the Copenhagen School of Security Studies. Findings of the article suggest that the presence and activities of this terror group have impacted the various arenas of security and have also created dire sub-regional and regional implications in spite of the various counter-measures designed by sub-regional and regional actors to counter the threat posed by the terror group. Therefore, to address this challenge, the article offers practical recommendations to critical and relevant actors involved in countering the presence of this group at the various political, military, societal, economic, environmental, sub-regional, and regional levels.

The Perspective of Terrorism: The Evolution of Boko Haram into a Terrorist Organization in Nigeria

This research explores the theoretical categorization of Boko Haram as a terrorist organization and the effects of extrajudicial killing and an ineffective judicial system in providing a fertile ground for terrorism in Nigeria. This paper outlines a theory for the origin and evolution of terrorism and argues that human rights violations by state actors in northeastern Nigeria created a conducive environment for the growth and sustainability of Boko Haram in the region. It specifies the extent to which human rights abuses have contributed to making Boko Haram a terrorist organization in Nigeria. I found out that the extrajudicial killing of Boko Haram founder Mohammed Yusuf and some of his dependable allies by the state actors and the failure of the judiciary system and law enforcement to punish the perpetrators played a significant role in converting Boko Haram into a terrorist group. Thus the constant human rights violations by state actors and heavy-handedness of some overzealous law enforcement agents against defenseless citizens led to the transformation of Boko Haram from an Islamic Movement to an Islamic Terrorist Extremist group. It can be claimed that the Islamic group used these human right violation as excuses to further their ideology. This paper further examines the role of Al-Qaeda and other Sunni terrorist groups as sources of Boko Haram funding. Also analyzed are the global attention Boko Haram attacks has received, arms deals of Boko Haram and the effects of Nigeria border porosity.

Terrorism and Counter Terrorism in Africa: A Case Study of Boko Haram and Al-Qaeda in Nigeria

Pakistan Journal of International Affairs

Nigeria has been the victim of persistent terrorism, mostly by religious militant group’s i.e, Boko Haram and Al-Qaeda. The motives of both the organizations is the implementation of Sharia law in the state and creation of an Islamic administrative structure for the purpose of which both organizations have made an alliances. This study analyzes the emergence of terrorism and subsequent counter terrorism measures taken by the state of Nigeria in response to militant terrorist organizations of Al- Qaeda and Boko haram. Initially it outlines the meaning of terrorism and the various ways in which states adopt counter terrorism measures, then specifying on Al -Qaeda and Boko haram. The origins, mechanism and reasons of these terrorist activities are scrutinized along with the protective and reactionary policies of the government in order to curb these activities and maintain state security. Examining the role of the government, state and external actors in this situation, this study conc...

ASSESSMENT OF THE NEXUS BETWEEN FOREIGN TERROR ORGANIZATIONS AND BOKO HARAM IN NIGERIA

ASSESSMENT OF THE NEXUS BETWEEN FOREIGN TERROR ORGANIZATIONS AND BOKO HARAM IN NIGERIA, 2020

This paper assesses the nexus between foreign terror organizations and Boko Haram in Nigeria. To generate data to address the objectives of the paper, qualitative method was adopted; the research instrument used in the collection of data was analytical. Relevant materials (journals, official records and textbooks) were collected, reviewed and analyzed to achieve the objectives of the paper. The results of the analysis revealed that at the early stage of Boko Haram activities in Nigeria, there were ideological and operational ties between Boko Haram and al-Qaida terror group. It was found that many members of Boko Haram are being trained by Al Qaeda in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). It was found that the death of the book haram leader Mohammed Yusuf has made the sec to be more radical and violence. The paper established that there is strong link between Boko Haram and ISIL. Boko Haram has been following the footsteps of ISIS and draws inspiration and motivation from its activities. It was also found that the alliance between Boko Haram and ISIL has made book haram to be more dangerous than it was before. The alliance gives Boko Haram with new opportunity that tab benefits that ISIS was able to render such as training, financial support and weaponry. It concludes that Boko Haram has transformed from a mere small and local terrorist group into a global jihadist group with subregional reach. Its continued linkages with terrorist groups such as ISIS, AQIM and al-Shabaab in Somalia, Boko Haram has not only a threat to Nigeria, it has become security threats in West Africa, Lake Chad region and beyond.

The Impact of the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: A Multi Sectoral Analy

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences

Using the Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) and qualitative methodological approach, this article examines the impact of the Boko Haram insurgency on the various sectors and arenas of security as proposed by proponents of the Copenhagen School of Security Studies. Findings of the article suggest that the presence and activities of this terror group have impacted the various arenas of security and have also created dire sub-regional and regional implications in spite of the various countermeasures designed by sub-regional and regional actors to counter the threat posed by the terror group. Therefore, to address this challenge, the article offers practical recommendations to critical and relevant actors involved in countering the presence of this group at the various political, military, societal, economic, environmental, sub-regional, and regional levels.