Produzione vascolare dal contesto cultuale del Monte Cimino (Soriano nel Cimino - Vt) e il Bronzo finale in Etruria meridionale (original) (raw)
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The researches conducted between 2009 and 2011 on Monte Cimino (Soriano nel Cimino – Viterbo) are here presented in preliminary form. The excavation has investigated the fortifications of the settlement and the remains of a cult area. Two massive walls have been excavated: one surrounding the settlement, that is about 5 hectares in extension, the other containing the “acropolis”, which corresponds to the summit of the mountain. The former is dated to the Final Bronze Age (protovillanoviano), the latter was built during the Final Bronze Age, but has later phases of reuse in Etruscan period. Inside the “acropolis”, in correspondence with the very summit of the mountain, were identified monumental remains of a cult area, with evident traces of ritual pyres, dating to the advanced phase of Final Bronze Age. The settlement of Monte Cimino for its dominance on the entire Southern Etruscan area (1053 m slm), and perhaps also for the presence of the sacred functions, may have had a role of particular political significance in the territorial organization during Final Bronze Age. The first occupation of the settlement could be dated to a period prior to the Final Bronze Age, due to some ceramic fragments attributed to the Recent Bronze Age, and perhaps at the beginning of Middle Bronze Age.
A.C. Montanaro (a cura di), Vasi di bronzo etruschi in Italia: produzioni regionali e diffusione tra le popolazioni italiche Contesti d’uso, aspetti ideologici e tecnologici, Mediterranea Supplementi, n.s. 4, 2023, CNR Edizioni, Roma , 2023
The starting point of this study is certainly the contribution presented by E.M. De Juliis (“Importazioni e influenze etrusche in Puglia”) on the occasion of the 33rd Conference of Studies on Magna Graecia in 1993 (“Magna Grecia, Etruschi e Fenici”). This study aims to re-examine and integrate the short list of attestations selected by De Juliis, if we consider that over the last few decades various studies have been added and excavations have been carried out with interesting discoveries which have in any case modified the picture of the testimonies. In fact, the current documentation reveals an important presence, at least in central Apulia, of bronze vases produced and imported from the Tyrrhenian area. However, it seems appropriate to point out that these new discoveries are not always followed by the necessary insights accompanied by the related publications. These shortcomings have limited the research activity of the writer conducted in the deposits with the intention of identifying those metal artifacts belonging to the funerary objects of unpublished tombs, above all due to the poor conditions of conservation and legibility that characterize several finds. Despite these limitations, it was preferred to avoid creating a simple list of objects, focusing the refl ection on the analysis of these finds, considering them within the context of origin.
Bronzi di Sanzeno nella koinè alpino-orientale dell’età del Ferro
A group of vessels and other copper-based items from excavations and stray finds in the area of Sanzeno, in the Non Valley (Trento province), now belonging to the collections of the Museo Retico at Sanzeno, have been analysed by different physical and chemical methods to identify their composition. Aim of the study was the determination of the various alloys and of the working processes employed in the objects production, and the comparison of the alloys of the objects with those of contemporary materials belonging to the same class and produced with a similar working method. In this way the finds from Sanzeno can be properly set into the frame of Iron Age bronze production. In the present paper the analysis data are illustrated and their archaeometallurgical significance is discussed. The results of the analyses allow to recognize different productions and technologies within the groups of artifacts belonging to the east-alpine koinè of the Iron Age. In particular the group of vessels is characterized by alloys of excellent quality and an especially expensive and careful production technique. The data and the comparisons will be discussed in the paper. One of the analysed vessels shows a composition which differs from that of the others, which in general show a relatively homogeneous choice of alloys. This piece has to be dated to a later period.
Archeologia e Calcolatori, 2020
The volume of ceramic vessels provides several information about their use. However, due to the fragmentation of pottery coming from settlement sites, data concerning the volume are rarely published. The first goal of this paper is presenting a new method to calculate the volume starting from the archaeological drawings. The dataset could be extended with a predictive regression analysis. The sample analyzed involves cups and bowls found on the top of Monte Cimino (Viterbo-Italy), a settlement and cult site dated to the Final Bronze Age (ca. 1150-950/925 BC).
OCNUS, 30, 2022
This study focuses on the analysis of bronze finds and other objects employed in metallurgical activities from the Middle and Recent Bronze Age site of Solarolo-via Ordiere (Ravenna, Italy) investigated between 2006 and 2019. Materials were found both in Middle and Recent Bronze Age layers, as well as from trenches/survey, and include mostly pins and daggers with typological affinities with other bronzes in Romagna and, more in general, in the central Po plain. Noteworthy is the presence of a golden spiral from the Middle Bronze Age 2 layers. The analysed artefacts also include metal fragments, bronze drops and implements involved in metallurgical activities, such as blowing pipes, tuyères and stone moulds, which imply casting and postcasting activities taking place at the settlement. Lead isotope analyses of 6 bronze samples designate the southern side of the Eastern Alps as preferential provenance of copper, except for one dagger constituted of copper plausibly originated from the ores of the Mitterberg area (Austria). Technological and experimental analyses suggest that the overall metallurgical production at Solarolo was not particularly complex. Objects were often re-used and re-adapted, as consequence of wear and fragmentation. Starting from the significant frequency of pins, we experimented the reproduction of two types of pins, documented in Northern Italy during these phases, namely “Cattaragna” and “con testa a rotolo” types. The experiments allowed a better understanding of the chaîne opératoire, from the production of stone moulds to the final refining of the surfaces.
In 2009, nearby Castiglion Fiorentino (Arezzo) at Montecchio Vesponi, some test trenches allowed us to discover archeological evidences dating back to the Etruscan-Archaic and Hellenistic-Roman Periods. On this occasion, an earlier phase was identified. Following excavations brought to light two ditches in sequence, both pertinent to a settlement of the early phase of the Final Bronze Age. All the materials are coherently related to this chronological frame and belong to the Chiusi-Cetona group. This site is the newest and latest confirmation of the tight connection between the two cluster of Inner/Northern Etruria and Romagna along the Marecchia Valley.