Exercise Training in Aging and Diseases (original) (raw)

Exercise: a vital means to moderate cardiovascular aging

Aging Health, 2013

While aging is associated with predictable phenotypic changes, with associated effects on cardiovascular physiology and related clinical manifestations, the timing and pace of aging is modifiable. Exercise has been demonstrated to moderate fundamental aspects of aging and related vulnerability to disease. Habitual physical activity and exercise is associated with relatively more youthful physiology and capacities extending from subcellular function to integrated organ systems. Even when seniors are already encumbered by age-related limitations or disease, aerobic, strength and other training regimens can help restore physical function, balance and flexibility, as well as inter-related dynamics of health. In this perspective, we describe age-related changes and vulnerabilities, particularly pertaining to the cardiovascular system and inter-related skeletal muscle health, and the utility of exercise training to allay aging and/or restore capacities even after aging encumbrances have started.

A Review of Exercise as Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathology and Mechanism

Aging and disease, 2020

Background: Physical inactivity and resultant lower energy expenditure contribute unequivocally to cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and stroke, which are considered major causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of physical activity (PA) and exercise on different aspects of healthgenetics, endothelium function, blood pressure, lipid concentrations, glucose intolerance, thrombosis, and selfsatisfaction. Materials and Methods: In this article, we conducted a narrative review of the influence PA and exercise have on the cardiovascular system, risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, searching the online databases; Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, and, subsequently, discuss possible mechanisms of this action. Results and Discussion: Based on our narrative review of literature, discussed the effects of PA on telomere length, nitric oxide synthesis, thrombosis risk, blood pressure, serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels, and indicated possible mechanisms by which physical training may lead to improvement in chronic cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: PA is effective for the improvement of exercise tolerance, lipid concentrations, blood pressure, it may also reduce the serum glucose level and risk of thrombosis, thus should be advocated concomitant to, or in some cases instead of, traditional drug-therapy.

Protective effects of exercise training against agedinduced the reduction

Citation: Titiporn Mekrungruangwong, Pimpetch Kasetsuwan, Sheepsumon Viboolvorakul, Suthiluk Patumraj. Protective Effects of Exercise Training Against Aged-Induced the Reduction of Cardiac Angiogenic Capacity in Middle-Aged Rats. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine 4 (2020): 058-065. Abstract Objective: To investigate the protective effects of exercise training against aged-induced the reduction of cardiac angiogenic capacity associated with VEGF, phospho-Akt1, and eNOS in middle-aged rat hearts. Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: Sedentary -young group (aged 4 months), Sedentarymiddle-aged sham group (aged 14 months), and

Exercise and the Cardiovascular System: Clinical Science and Cardiovascular Outcomes

Circulation research, 2015

Substantial evidence has established the value of high levels of physical activity, exercise training (ET), and overall cardiorespiratory fitness in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews some basics of exercise physiology and the acute and chronic responses of ET, as well as the effect of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on cardiovascular diseases. This review also surveys data from epidemiological and ET studies in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease and heart failure. These data strongly support the routine prescription of ET to all patients and referrals for patients with cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease and heart failure, to specific cardiac rehabilitation and ET programs.

Exercise benefits in cardiovascular disease: beyond attenuation of traditional risk factors

Nature Reviews Cardiology, 2018

Despite strong scientific evidence supporting the benefits of regular exercise for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD), physical inactivity is highly prevalent worldwide. In addition to merely changing well-known risk factors for systemic CVD, regular exercise can also improve cardiovascular health through non-traditional mechanisms. Understanding the pathways through which exercise influences different physiological systems is important and might yield new therapeutic strategies to target pathophysiological mechanisms in CVD. This Review includes a critical discussion of how regular exercise can have antiatherogenic effects in the vasculature, improve autonomic balance (thereby reducing the risk of malignant arrhythmias), and induce cardioprotection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury , independent of effects on traditional CVD risk factors. This Review also describes how exercise promotes a healthy anti-inflammatory milieu (largely through the release of muscle-derived myokines), stimulates myocardial regeneration, and ameliorates age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, a frequently overlooked non-traditional CVD risk factor. Finally , we discuss how the benefits of exercise might also occur via promotion of a healthy gut microbiota. We argue, therefore, that a holistic view of all body systems is necessary and useful when analysing the role of exercise in cardiovascular health.

New Insights into the Benefits of Physical Activity and Exercise for Aging and Chronic Disease

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2017

Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Strategies to prevent and treat diseases associated with aging and lifestyle have become a priority for health science researchers, guideline groups, and policymakers. The most effective intervention to prevent and, in many cases, treat chronic disease is the adoption of an active lifestyle; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which physical activity and exercise bring about their effects remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap hinders the development of alternative strategies and therapies that could benefit individuals who cannot adhere to structured exercise regimens or make substantial changes to other aspects of their lifestyle. This special issue consists of five original scientific studies and two review articles that investigate or summarise the cellular and molecular processes implicated in chronic disease and their interaction with exercise training. These articles improve our understanding of mechanisms that underpin the preventative or therapeutic effects of interventions for countering disease and raise awareness of current thinking and controversies in aging and lifestyle research. Two investigations in this special issue focus on cardiomyopathy-hypertrophy and fibrosis of the myocardium that usually causes heart failure-in rat models of obesity (A. C. Silveira et al.) and type I diabetes mellitus (U. Novoa et al.). Exercise is among the most effective interventions