Quesada SAnz, F. (1999) "Nuevos puñales ibéricos en Andalucía (I). Puñales de frontón". Gladius XIX, pp. 69-96 (Daggers of the Iron Age in Southern Spain, In Spanish) (original) (raw)
Related papers
Trabajos de Prehistoria 71.2, pp 368-385 (2014)
In the Early Bronze Age settlement of Camp Cinzano (Vilafranca del Penedès, Alt Penedès, Barcelona) a riveted dagger mould was found in a burial dated with C14 c. 1850 cal BC. We have examined the characteristics of the mould (typology and raw material) and the metallic object the mould was fabricated for and its relationship with the metallurgy of the 2nd Millennium BC in the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula. It’s exposed the few dagger moulds documented in the Iberian Peninsula and the whole Western Mediterranean area, as well as the probable reasons of its absence in the archaeological record. The data show two possible origin for the mould: the East coastal area of Iberian Peninsula and the North of Italy (Polada groups), this second hypothesis being supported by proved larger interactions and relationships in the metallurgic sphere.
War and Weapons of the Iberians: Current Status In this study we systematically review the new research undertaken into weapons and war in the context of Iberian Culture since the 1996 Seminar on War in the Iberian and Celtiberian World that was held in the Casa de Velázquez and published in 2002. This meeting has been expressly designed to continue and update the work of its predecessor. We have reflected in greater depth on the actual nature of the documentation available and its limitations and possibilities, with particular attention to differences in space and time. We have also evaluated the problem of survivals in grave goods that might mask the evolution of weapon types. Considerable advance has also been made in the study of the beginning and end of the period, i. e., on the formative phase of the Iberian panoply in the First Iron Age and the variations that occurred in the era of Republican Rome. New types of weapons have been discovered in the Iberian world and progress has been made in various aspects of Typology in types such as helmets, disc cuirasses, and swords from the early Iberian world and greaves. Comprehensive attempts have been made to classify horse harnesses and spurs, but metallurgical and technological analyses, despite some specific publications, still remain to be done, although progress has been made, particularly on the subject of artificial coatings with magnetite. However, major advances have been made in relation to weapons from contexts previously little studied, such as settlements and shrines, because the focus of the research has in the past been mainly on cemeteries. The first all-inclusive models have been proposed for the forms and conceptions of war in the Iberian world, very different from the old primitivist conceptions. This is also true of a new study of the tactics and training of armies: the old model of the »Hispanic guerrilla« has been superseded, and a great deal of work has been done on the cavalry. A major debate has been taking place on siege warfare and the role of fortifications, and in recent years new hypotheses have been proposed on Hispanic mercenary forces in the Mediterranean. Finally, new forms of research have emerged, such as gender studies relating to contexts in which weapons appear, and associating their study with osteological analysis. The archaeology of the battlefields of the Second Punic War is providing new results and perspectives, and so too is urban archaeology in contexts of violent destruction, which document the effects of war on non-combatants.
Antiqvitas 34, pp 93 ff, 2022
We publish a dagger with its sheath from the FARMM (Fondo Arqueológico Ricardo Marsal Monzón), now kept in the Iberian Museum (Jaén) and catalogued as found in the Iberian Iron Age cemetery of La Carada (Espeluy, Jaén, Andalusia), as the result of illicit digging. This weapon is a production of the Vaccaei from the Northern Meseta, and dates probably to the last decades of the Third Century BC A little over one hundred examples of this particular type are known, all of them found so far in the Duero river basin and surrounding areas, hundreds of kilometres north of Jaén. Therefore, a find place in Jaen, were it reliable, means a unicum far away of the known area of dispersal. It could even be linked to Hannibal’s expedition against the Vaccaei in 221/220 BC. However, the origin of the objects casts doubts that provide an excellent example of the problems of illicit commerce, that turns a possible relevant archaeological explanation into a more or less educated guess.
Gladius, 2017
We study in some detail the Roman weapons represented on a new fragmentary sculpture from the Iberian oppidum at Las Atalayuelas (Jaén, Andalusia, Provincia Baetica), probably from the periurban sanctuary or its surroundings. Although it was intentionally damaged and reused, enough elements remain to show that it formed part of the sculpted decoration of an important architectural monument. It represents a horseman armed with the characteristic defensive weapons of the Roman Republican cavalry: parma equestis and lorica hamata. It is the work of a local Iberian workshop depicting either a roman horseman in a battle scene, or an Iberian aristocrat with Roman weapons in a heroizing context. It can be dated to the Second century B.C. or the first half of the First. Analizamos en detalle las armas romanas representadas en un nuevo fragmento escultórico procedente del en-torno del oppidum ibérico de Las Atalayuelas (Jaén), posiblemente del entorno de su santuario periurbano. Aunque fue roto intencionalmente y probablemente reutilizado, conserva suficientes elementos como para saber que se trata de un fragmento de decoración arquitectónica de un monumento importante. Representa un jinete armado con la pa-noplia defensiva típica de la caballería romana republicana: parma equestris y lorica hamata. Se trata de una obra de un taller local que representaría, bien un jinete romano en una escena de combate, bien un jinete ibérico de alto rango armado 'a la romana' en una escena heroizante. Se puede fechar en el s. II a. C. o primeras décadas del I a. C. We study in some detail the Roman weapons represented on a new fragmentary sculpture from the Iberian oppidum at Las Atalayuelas (Jaén, Andalusia, Provincia Baetica), probably from the periurban sanctuary or its surroundings. Although it was intentionally damaged and reused, enough elements remain to show that it formed part of the sculpted decoration of an important architectural monument. It represents a horseman armed with the characteristic defensive weapons of the Roman Republican cavalry: parma equestis and lorica hamata. It is the work of a local Iberian workshop depicting either a roman horseman in a battle scene, or an Iberian aristocrat with Roman weapons in a heroizing context. It can be dated to the Second century B.C. or the first half of the First.