History of Babinda (original) (raw)

The geological and tourist attractions of the largest Australian cities and their surroundings

Geotourism/Geoturystyka, 2014

The Australian continent is situated in the eastern part of the Indo-Australian lithosphere. The predominant part of Australia is occupied by the Precambrian platform (Australian) bordering in the east with the early Paleozoic structure of the Flinders Ranges and Broken Hill as well as the late Paleozoic structure of the Great Dividing Range (Mizerski, 2006). Australia is home to some of the oldest rocks in the world, some dating back to more than 3,7 Ga. The oldest minerals can also be found here, such as the detrial zircon grain from Western Australia, with an age of more than 4,4 Ga. The topography of the continent of Australia is subdued. With an average elevation of only 325 m, Australia is the lowest of all continents. Without major mountains, Australia's river system have low and erratic flow rates compared with those on other continents. The highest point on the continent, Mt Kosciuszko, is only 2228 m asl. The lowest point is Lake Eyer at around 15 m bsl (Blewett, 2012). The geological processes occurring here have made Australia a genuine treasure chest for exploration. In all the parts of Australia, a host of different mineral resources can be found. The Victoria State became famous for its gold and crude oil deposits under the bedrock of the Bass Strait in the 1850s. New South Wales has the biggest deposits of the blended ores of silver, zinc and lead and sizeable coal deposits. The south of the continent has rich deposits of copper and uranium. The village of Coober Peddy, located 850 km north from Adelaide, provides around 85% of the world's demand for opals. Western Australia is the richest area in minerals not only in Australia, but also in the whole world. This territory abounds in deposits of gold, nickel, iron and diamonds. The waters on the west coast of Australia support the vegetation of gulf pearl oysters (Broom). The north of the continent has the richest deposits of bauxite in the world (Cape York Peninsula) and possesses deposits of natural gas in the sandstones in the bedrock of the Timor Sea. Victoria Victoria is an Australian state, situated at the southern end of the Great Dividing Range, which stretches along the east coast and terminates near Ballarat. The highest mountains in Victoria (just under 2000 m) are the Victorian Alps, located in the northeastern area. The area of extensive volcanism in central and southwestern Victoria, is where one can find numerous extinct volcanoes and volcanic lakes. The most recent volcanic activity was at Mt Eccles, which last erupted a few thousand years ago. Large basaltic lava flows are present on the western side of Melbourne and in the southwest of the state. Central

Aboriginal settlement of the saline lake and volcanic landscapes of Corangamite Basin, western Victoria

The Artefact (Journal of the Archaeological & Anthropological Society of Victoria), 1998

Dr Gallus pioneered research into the potential of open sites to yield long-term cultural sequences in Australia. Working within this tradition, I present findings of a detailed survey of Corangamite Basin, an environmentally distinctive, internal drainage basin located in the heart of Victoria's fertile Western District. A wide range of site types dominated by stone artefact scatters was revealed and many of these sites are seen as components of a late Holocene 'pulsation' settlement system which saw groups converge on major freshwater waterways and lakes during dry summers and disperse across the landscape during wet winters. A close correlation between lake salinity and site density also reveals the strong effects of hydrology on settlement patterns. Excavations at Lake Colac 1 lunette site reveal Aboriginal use of the region back to at least 7000 cal BP, when environmental conditions were wetter and more favourable for Aboriginal occupation. An increase in artefact discard rates during less favourable conditions of the last 2000 years is linked with broad-scale, socio-demographic changes in Aboriginal society as elaborated by Lourandos in his 'intensification' model. Further excavations across Corangamite Basin are required to test the overall utility of this model, as increased use of Lake Colac may also reflect local influx of people as increasing salinity of water sources marginalised other parts of the region.

What sort of town is Fitzroy Crossing? Logistical and boundary problems of the 2006 enumeration in the southern Kimberley

Agency, Contingency and Census Process: Observations of the 2006 Indigenous Enumeration Strategy in remote Aboriginal Australia, 2007

Fitzroy Crossing is a major service centre in the central western Kimberley. The nearest towns are Derby, 250 kilometres to the west, and Halls Creek, 290 kilometres to the east (see Figure 6.1). The majority of residents in Fitzroy Crossing are Indigenous, and there are a significant number of Indigenous-run non-governmental organisations (NGOs), including Marra Worra Worra (MWW) and Bunuba Inc., which, at the time of the census, were funded by the Western Australian and Commonwealth governments to service town-based Indigenous communities and outstations.