Effect of Organic Manures, Biofertilizers and NPK on Vegetative Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality and Soil Fertility of Eureka Lemon Trees (Citrus limon (L.) Burm (original) (raw)
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Effect of Bio-Fertilizers and Organic Manures on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Fruit Crops
2020
The major problem that occurs in developing countries is poor plant growth and yield due to soil infertility. Now-a-days to increase the crop production the fertilizers or pesticides used by the farmers in excess, which usually contain high amounts of chemicals, results in poor health of soil. In agriculture, use of inorganic compounds in high quantities has an impact on the sustainability of crop production, which consequently increases cultivation cost and decreases the productivity. The use of inorganic/chemical fertilizers, especially urea to the farming land lead to soil health reduced. Our farming has switched nowa-days to old age activities such as conservation agriculture. Bio-fertilizer, in general, is organic in nature and involves living organisms that synthesize the nitrogen in the atmosphere or create an environment that is useful to plants in the land or medium (in which the species are kept). On the other hand, the cost of bio-fertilizers is low and it has no adverse ...
An on-farm experiment was undertaken on twelve years old Khasi Mandarin plant in two orchards of Tinsukia and one orchard of Dibrugarh district, Assam during 2002 to 2004 with five different treatment combinations. Highest soil pH, available P2O5, leaf P and K were observed in the treatment receiving Mustard Oil Cake (MOC) (10kg/plant), bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) and K2O (600 g/plant) with no inorganic N. Available nutrient balance over the initial content showed maximum mining of nitrogen while positive balance was noticed in case of P2O5 (initial year)and K2O all throughout the years of experimentation. Significantly highest soil Organic carbon (Organic Carbon), available Nitrogen, fruit quality (Juice, Total Soluble Solid, Total sugar, Ascorbic acid) and yield with highest economic return (5.75) were observed where half of the recommended dose of inorganic N and P2O5 were supplemented through Azotobacter and PSB along with K2O (600 g/plant) and Mustard Oil Cake (7.5 kg...
Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Yield and Quality of Assam Lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.]
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019
Pradesh during the year 2018 to evaluate the effect of organic manures on the overall character of Assam Lemon. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 12 treatments and 3 replications viz. T 1-Control, T 2-RDF: N:P:K (100💯100 g/plant/year), T 3-FYM (20kg/tree), T 4-Vermicompost (10kg/tree), T 5-Neem Cake (2kg/tree), T 6-Mustard Oil Cake (2kg/tree), T 7-FYM (10 kg/tree) + Neem Cake (1kg/tree), T 8-FYM (10kg/tree) + Mustard Oil Cake (1kg/tree), T 9-Vermicompost (5kg/tree) + Neem Cake (1kg/tree), T 10-Vermicompost (5kg/tree) + Mustard Oil Cake (1kg/tree), T 11-FYM (10kg/tree) + Mustard Oil Cake (1kg/tree) + Neem Cake (1kg/tree) and T 12-Vermicompost (5kg/tree) + Mustard Oil Cake (1kg/tree) + Neem Cake (1kg/tree). Maximum number of fruits/plant (85.66), fruit set (30.02%) and yield/plant (9.60 kg), juice content (47.46 ml/fruit), TSS (5.78 °B), total sugar (6.19%), reducing sugar (3.62%), ascorbic acid (52.63 mg/100 g), available nitrogen (430.52kg/ha), available phosphorus (57.30kg/ha), available potassium (306.13kg/ha), organic carbon (2.62%), total nitrogen (2.35%), total phosphorus (0.16%) and total potassium (1.66%) was recorded by treatment T 10-Vermicompost (5kg/tree) + Mustard Oil Cake (1kg/tree). However, non-significant effect was found in vegetative growth parameters. Thus, application of Vermicompost (5kg/tree) + Mustard Oil Cake (1kg/tree) before flowering to get the best crop with maximum yield and quality.
Lemon yield and fruit quality affected by NPK fertilization
Scientia Horticulturae, 2002
A ®eld trial with Sicilian lemon on Volkameriana rootstock was carried out, during 7 years, in a sandy and low fertility oxisol in the State of Sa Äo Paulo, Brazil, in order to determine quantitative relationships of lemon yield and fruit quality with NPK fertilization. The experiment was set up in an incomplete factorial design of the (1/2) 4 3 type, summing up 32 treatments, with yearly rates of N (30, 100, 170, and 240 kg ha À1), P (9, 27, 62 and 79.0 kg ha À1), and K (24, 91, 158, and 225 kg ha À1), split in three applications from early spring to late summer. Mathematical models of the type Y b 0 b 11 N b 12 N 2 b 21 P b 22 P 2 b 31 K b 32 K 2 b 12 NP b 13 NK b 23 PK were adjusted to selected variables related to fruit yield and quality, soil, and leaf analyses. The maximum fruit yield, averaged over six harvests, was reached with the rates calculated with the response curve as N 220 kg ha À1 , P 20 kg ha À1 and K 310 kg ha À1. For K the optimum rate was much higher than the highest rate applied. The effects of nitrogen and potassium on fruit yield were, respectively, quadratic and linear. The response of lemon to phosphorus, in the ®rst 4 years was linear up to the highest P rate applied, which increased the average yield over 15%. In the ®fth year, there was no response to P and in the sixth year, a negative response was observed. These results might be related to P accumulation in the top layer of soil, mainly for the highest rates of P, as shown by the results of soil testing within the years. Leaf analyses for N, P and K, related with maximum yield, were respectively, 15±18, 1.8±2.2 and 15±20 g kg À1 , for samples taken from fruit bearing terminals. Fruit quality characteristics were affected by nutrient rates only after the second year of fertilizer application. Phosphorus and potassium were the most effective nutrients to increase fruit size. Negative effects of N and K were observed on the essential oil content of fruits, whereas P promoted a positive trend. The effect of P application on oil concentration was closely related to its effect on peel thickness.
Role of organic and biofertilizers in citrus orchards
Aswan University Journal of Environmental Studies (AUJES) , 2020
Citrus trees (Citrus spp.) considered one of the major fruit worldwide, due to continuous and excessive use of synthetic fertilizers, there is a severe hazard to human health and to environment. The integrated fertilizing system in citrus orchards contributes to improve crop production through eco-friendly nutrient supply, producing healthy fruits, enhancing the plant tolerance to biotic stresses, increases growers’ profits, and sustains natural resources. There are numerous types of organic fertilizers used in citrus orchards include Compost, Vermicompost, Humic substances, Biochar, Farm manure, and, microorganisms in biofertilizers increase the amount and availability of essential elements to plant, there are various biofertilizers used for different purposes according to the role of microorganisms like Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms like Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Rhizobium and Frankia; Phosphorous solubilizing microbes such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus; Phosphorous mobilizing as Vascular arbuscular mycorrhiza, and Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). There are numerous beneficial effects of organic and biofertilizers include increasing availability of nutrients in soils, increase the tree productivity, enhancing fruit quality, improve soil properties, stimulate microflora population in the rhizosphere, reducing the harmful effects of pathogenic organisms, and improving plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly using both organic and biofertilizers play a critical role in environmental conservation, they can compensate large amounts of inorganic, fertilizer, reducing the great amount of inorganic fertilizer used indiscriminately in citrus orchards. Using a consortium of organic and biofertilizers with mineral fertilizers provide a positive response in citrus orchards.
Menoufia Journal of Plant Production
This study included was conducted during 2017 and 2018 seasons on 21year-old Balady mandarin trees (Citrus reticulata) budded on sour orange rootstock grown, to investigate the possibility of reducing the amount of mineral fertilizers by using organic and biofertilizers of Balady Mandarin trees. Trees planted at 5x5 meters, grown in clay loam with and irrigated by flood irrigation system. Seven fertilization treatments were applied as follows: 100% mineral NPK fertilizers (control), 100% organic fertilizers (enrichment compost with two natural rocks, rock phosphate and feldspar), 100% biofertilizers (nitrobien, phosphorien and potassiumag), 50% mineral fertilizers + 50% organic fertilizers, 50% mineral fertilizers + 50% biofertilizers, 50% organic fertilizers + 50% biofertilizers and 33.3% mineral fertilizers + 33.3% organic fertilizers + 33.3% biofertilizers. The results indicated that there is a possibility of using organic and biofertilizers as a partial substitute of mineral fertilizers. As this study confirmed the application of mineral, organic and bio-fertilizers at equal ratios (1:1:1) was the best management system for ensuring the best vegetative growth traits, achieving the highest yield with its components, improving the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits and increasing leaf mineral content of Balady Mandarin trees.
Horticulturae
Soil with low fertility is a big problem for achieving citrus productivity. In this regard, the management of macro and micronutrients is essential. Macro and micronutrient deficiency decreased the yield and the quality of citrus fruit. It is the need of the hour to classify the soil fertility status under changing climatic scenarios. The current soil fertility survey was conducted to examine the macro and micronutrient status in the citrus production area. In soil, three depths (0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm) were taken for sampling. For leaves, 4–6-months-old non-bearing twigs were sampled from 20 trees per orchard at breast height. Results showed that soil pH (7.1–8.4) was slightly alkaline, electrical conductivity (EC) was non-saline (<4 dSm−1), soil organic matter (SOM) was deficient (<0.86%), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was slight calcareous (<8%), at 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm depths. The majority of soil samples were low in nitrogen (N) contents at all depths, i.e., (&...
2018
This work was carried out during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons on 40 years old ‘Valencia’ orange Citrus sinensis (L) Osbek trees grown in light clay soil at a private orchard in Algharbia Governorate, Egypt . The aim of this work was evaluate the effect of organic fertilizater (compost) and biological fertilizater (TS; Bacillus circulance , Bacillus poylmyxa , Candida spp , Trichoderma spp , Bacillus megatherium) on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of Valencia orange trees, as a partial replacement of mineral fertilization. Results indicated that the application of half nutrient requirements as mineral NPK and the other half from organic source ( compost ) in combination with 150 or 200 ml TS showed the best results in terms of vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality. This result confirm the role of organic and biofertilization on plant growth, development, productivity, and fruit quality, compared to the sole use of NPK fertilizers (control), or even when mixe...