A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF VITAMIN D LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS ATTENDING ANTE-NATAL CARE AT KING ABDUL AZIZ UNIVERSITY (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Advanced Research, 2017
Background: Vitamin D is part of many physiological functions in the body. This is enough reason to optimise vitamin D level in the body. Studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to the development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). We aimed to compare Vitamin D levels in GDM and Non GDM pregnant women at King Abdulaziz University Hospital Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynaecology outpatient clinic and inpatient obstetrics ward at King Abdulaziz University hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from January to April 2016. 92 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Results: Vitamin D level in both the GDM & non GDM groups showed no statistically significant difference. All the 92 female patients were distributed into four quartiles depending on vitamin D level. ,30.4% of quartile 4 was GDM while 47.8 % of quartile 1 was GDM with no statistical significance. The mean age in the GDM group was 31.9±4.8 and in the non GDM was 26.9±5.6 which was statistically significant (p=0.001). The mean score of BMI in GDM group was 32.3±5.8 and non GDM was 28.3±5.5 which was statistically significant (p=0.002). No statistically significant difference was found among the two groups as per the following parameters: Gestational Age (GA), gravity & parity. Conclusion: We found no statistical difference between the GDM and Non GDM groups as regards Vitamin D. Subjects with higher BMI and higher age had significantly higher incidence of GDM. When the results were arranged according to quartiles with lowest vitamin D in quartile 1 and highest vitamin D in quartile 4, we found that the number of GDM cases in the first quartile were double (N=12-47.8%) than the number of GDM cases in the fourth quartile (N=6-30.4%) this difference did not show a statistical significance.
Lower vitamin D levels in Saudi pregnant women are associated with higher risk of developing GDM
BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2018
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has serious consequences such as increased risks of preeclampsia, macrosomia and cesarean delivery. Even though the mechanistic basis of GDM has not been completely understood, several risk factors have been identified and one of these is vitamin D. However, the link between vitamin D deficiency and development of GDM is yet to be proven with certainty. This study aimed to investigate the link between the incidence of GDM and serum vitamin D level in pregnant women of Saudi Arabia. 515 Saudi women (ages 18-46) in their 24-28th week of pregnancy, visiting various hospitals of Riyadh, participated in this study. Serum vitamin D and various biochemical and anthropometric parameters were determined in the first trimester and the recruits were screened for GDM by OGTT according to IADPSG criteria in their 2nd trimester. The association between vitamin D deficiency and development of GDM was calculated based on odds ratio of the incidence of GDM among v...
Association of serum vitamin D levels with gestational diabetes mellitus
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021
Background: This study was done to evaluate the association of serum vitamin D level with GDM (n=30) and without GDM (n=30). The age and body mass index of the participants along with their gestational age, gravidity and parity were harmonized. The serum vitamin D levels and blood glucose were investigated. The results revealed that, normal pregnant women had significantly higher vitamin D level than their GDM counterparts.Methods: This case-control study was conducted on healthy pregnant women attending routine antenatal care at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university from January 2019 to December 2019 recruited at third trimester of gestation. We measured maternal serum vitamin D status (25[OH]D) in third trimester of pregnancy. GDM was diagnosed according to the American diabetes association. guidelines. Vitamin D status was defined as, vitamin D sufficiency (≥30 or ≥75 nmol/L), insufficiency (20-30 and 50-75 nmol/L), were used to categories participants according to their 25...
Maternal Vitamin D Status as a Critical Determinant in Gestational Diabetes
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 2012
Objective: To synthesize published research to determine the evidence for the association between maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Data Sources: Literature searches were conducted for data based articles that examined maternal vitamin D during pregnancy, GDM, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance using the PubMed, CINAHL, and SCOPUS data bases and reference lists from reviewed papers. Study Selection: Primary research studies published in the English language between 1999 and 2011 reporting findings regarding the association of vitamin D with glucose homeostasis during pregnancy and GDM. Data Extraction: Study characteristics and findings related to vitamin D status determinants, gestational timing, and measures of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Data Synthesis: Six data based articles met the criteria for study inclusion. Study findings comprised solely Level-2 evidence for the association of maternal vitamin D deficiency and risk of GDM. The majority of studies (66%) were conducted between 24 and 30 weeks gestation. Five (83%) studies reported an inverse relationship between circulating vitamin D levels and markers of glucose homeostasis associated with gestational diabetes or an increased risk for GDM associated with reduced maternal levels of vitamin D. In one study, researchers did not identify an association between vitamin D and GDM but did identify an association between higher vitamin D levels and lower fasting glucose and insulin levels. Conclusion: Maternal vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is prevalent among gravid women and is associated with markers of altered glucose homeostasis. These findings underscore the need for mechanistic and clinical studies to determine optimal vitamin D status in pregnancy for reduction in the risk for GDM with implications for vitamin D supplementation as a potential target for GDM prevention.
Relation of maternal vitamin D status with gestational diabetes mellitus and perinatal outcome
African health sciences, 2015
To investigate the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and glucose intolerance, and its impact on pregnant women and their newborns. A cohort of pregnant women were divided into three groups: women with gestational diabetes mellitus, ones with normal results both after the 50 gr and 100 gr OGTT (CG-1) and ones having a positive result after the 50 gr OGTT screening but negative results for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) after the 100 gr OGTT (CG-2). The newborn length in CG-1 was greater than in GDM and CG-2 (p= 0.002 and p= 0.02). Fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance (IR) were negatively correlated with length of the newborns (r=-0.3, p=0.03 and r=-0.3, p=0.01). The newborns of women with GDM had lower APGAR-1 and 5 scores than those of CG-1 and CG-2 (APGAR-1 p= 0.001 and p= 0.004, APGAR-5 p=0.005 and p=0.007, respectively). APGAR scores were correlated negatively with IR (APGAR-1 r=-0.32, p=0.01, APGAR-5 r=-0.3, p=0.03) and positively with 25OHD levels (APG...
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2021
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the leading cause of complications associated with childbirth for both mothers and offspring, and it is considered to be caused by the imbalance between insulin resistance and insulin secretion and contributed maternal hyperglycemia. This study aimed to assess the relationship between plasma levels of vitamin D in pregnant women and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Patients and Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Zagazig University during the period from August 2020 until April 2021. It included a total of 104 pregnant women. Clinical and obstetrical data were gathered, 25(OH) vitamin D3 total level in ng/ml at week gestation (10-12), (24-26), and (34-36). The blood samples were performed by a Cobas 6000. Results: There is a strong correlation between vitamin D deficiency with the occurrence of gestational diabetes with a cutoff value of ≤14.1 at (10-12) weeks gestation, sensitivity 100%, specificity 97.83%, NPV 100%, and PPV 93.3%. Conclusions: There is an inverse association of vitamin D status with gestational diabetes risk.
Vitamin D and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Is There a Link
Antioxidants, 2019
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a very common condition among pregnant women worldwide with important metabolic implications on the mother and the offspring. Vitamin D status has been suggested to potentially play a role in GDM risk with no documented consequences for the offspring. The purpose of this article was to review currently available evidence on the relationship between vitamin D and GDM. Current evidence shows an association between vitamin D blood levels and risk of GDM, despite heterogeneity of results across studies limit the conclusions. Moreover, data from randomized controlled trials is scarce and resulting in null findings. Among the limitations to be noted, improving the standardization of dosages, the characteristics of individuals in the sample, and the appropriate outcome measurement could provide a more effective approach in understanding the relationship between vitamin D and GDM. In conclusions, despite observational studies may suggest that adequate vitamin D levels may decrease the risk of GDM compared to deficiency status, evidence from clinical trials is inadequate to draft any definitive conclusion regarding its supplementation. Future better designed randomized clinical trials taking into account a more integrated approach could provide clearer and definitive data on the outcomes of such a multifactorial condition.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2020
Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and persistent hyperglycaemia postpartum is a rising health challenge. Multiple researches have contributed to the understanding of the magnitude of the causal factors involved. One such factor is Vitamin D deficiency though, widely studied exact role in development of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is not investigated. Aim: To predict the risk of pre-diabetes and DM in GDM patients with Vitamin D deficiency. Materials and Methods: Hundred pregnant women were recruited-50 study group, 50 control group; based on WHO criteria for GDM diagnosis at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Study parameters in antepartum period were maternal age, Body Mass Index (BMI), Vitamin D, Fasting blood glucose, 2 hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Study parameters in postpartum follow-up were fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, vitamin D. Mann-Whitney U-test and Binary Logistic regression analysis were the statistical tools used to predict the risk. Results: Antepartum Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) showed 2.2 fold significantly increased risk for developing pre-diabetes and DM. High frequency of pre-diabetes (52% of cases) postdelivery (6 weeks) was proved. Maternal age, BMI and OGTT values had direct relationship in predicting risk of DM which was proved with postpartum follow-up. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency has a significant role in development of pre-diabetes and DM in GDM patients.
Frequency of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant diabetics at Baskent University Hospital, Istanbul
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2012
Objective: To find out the frequency of vitamin D deficiency and its relation with glucose parameters and the incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM). Methodology: Gestational diabetes was diagnosed with 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test. Forty-four pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and 78 non-GDM pregnant women were enrolled as case and control group, respectively in this descriptive study. Vitamin D status was classified as deficiency at ≤20 ng/ml for serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Results: The mean ages were 33.4±5.2 (18-44) years and 29.7±4.1 (21-39) years, mean BMI was 30.6±5.9 kg/m² (19.5-46.1) and 25.9±4.4 kg/m2 (16.5-38) in case and control groups, respectively. The frequency of GDM was found 9.38%. The mean serum vitamin D levels in GDM group were significantly lower than in non-GDM subjects (p=0.07). A total of 56.8% of GDM patients were compared with 35.8% of control group which had Vitamin D deficiency and the difference was significant (p= 0.02). There was no significant association between vitamin D levels and fasting glucose, insulin and HbA1c. Vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with clothing style, parathyroid hormone levels, dental problems and muscle cramps. Conclusions: The association of maternal Vitamin D status with the markers of glucose metabolism in pregnancy needs prospective studies.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D AND GESTATIONAL DIABETES-A REVIEW ARTICLE
Introduction: Gestational diabetes manifests itself as not having glucose tolerance, and is seen in around 2- 13% of all cases of pregnancy. One of the important factors in the development of gestational pregnancy is vitamin D deficiency.so, this study is designed to determine the relationship between low levels of vitamin D in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this review article, the databases Medline, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched to identify the studies investigating the relationship between vitamin D and gestational diabetes. Results: vitamin D deficiency will definitely leave harmful effects on the pregnant women’s health and on their infants, in a way that vitamin D deficiency condition during pregnancy is accompanied by the development of gestational diabetes, mother’s blood pressure disorder, the embryo’s skeletal growth disorder, brain growth and development disorders, and disorders in the functioning of the embryonic immune system. Discussion and conclusion: Given that pregnancy is diabetogenic and that the incidence of gestational diabetes is the society is high, paying more attention to providing adequate amounts of vitamin D can be an important factor in this area. Key words: Vitamin D, Gestational Diabetes