Spatial Variation in Contraceptive Use in Bangladesh: Looking Beyond the Borders (original) (raw)
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PLOS ONE, 2020
This study advances current knowledge on contraceptive use in Bangladesh by providing new insights into the extent of regional variations in contraceptive use across rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. We examined the regional variations in contraceptive use among 15,699 currently married women ages 15–49 years using data from the 2014 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS). Multivariate logistic regression models of contraceptive use were calibrated with sociodemographic attributes and cultural factors. Based on the aggregate sample (i.e., rural and urban combined), we found significant regional variations in contraceptive use across the administrative divisions in Bangladesh. Based on a disaggregate sample (i.e., rural and urban separately), we found that there were significant differences in divisional variations in contraceptive use in rural areas. In contrast, no significant variation in contraceptive use across divisions in urban areas of Bangladesh was found. More specifically, among women living in rural areas, the Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions had higher odds of contraceptive use than the Barisal division, whereas the Chittagong and Sylhet divisions had much lower odds of contraceptive use even after adjusting for selected sociodemographic attributes and cultural factors. A separate analysis of the divisional variations in usage of modern methods of contraception also revealed similar findings with only one exception. Findings of this study provide an evidence-based direction for adapting a pragmatic approach to reducing the divisional disparity of contraceptive use in rural areas of Bangladesh.
Spatial Variation in Contraceptive Practice Across the Districts of India, 1998–2016
Spatial Demography
India is currently one of the most demographically diverse regions of the world. Fertility and mortality rates are known to show considerable variation at the level of regions, states and districts. Little is known however, about the spatial variations of the contraceptive usage—a critical variable that is relevant to fertility as well as health policy. This paper uses data from four national population-based household surveys conducted between 1998 and 2016 to explore district-level variations in the contraceptive prevalence rate. We find no clear evidence of convergence. The gap between the best and worst performing districts is more than 70 percent across the four rounds and does not diminish over time. We also find considerable evidence of spatial clustering across districts. Districts with high prevalence concentrate in Southern states and more recently, in the Northeast of the country. Our analysis suggests that female literacy and health care infrastructure are important corr...
Socioeconomic and Cultural Differentials of Contraceptive Usage in West Bengal
Journal of Family History
Contraception, the prevention of pregnancy through temporary or permanent means, can act as an effective instrument for achieving population stabilization in any region. This study deals with the socioeconomic and cultural differentials influencing contraceptive use among presently married women aged between 20 and 49 years currently in the state of West Bengal, India, as discerned from National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3 (2005–2006) data. To examine the above, simple percentage distribution, cross tabulation, and binary logistic regression analysis have been employed to the available NFHS-3 data for select socioeconomic and cultural variables. The fundamental findings of the current study were that among the various socioeconomic and cultural factors, the most important ones that persuaded contraceptive use and choices among women were their number of living children, wealth index, media exposure, and degree of women empowerment. Results from the logistic regression analysis fur...
Determinants of Contraceptive Use in Bangladesh: A Hierarchical Modeling Approach
2011
This study examines the selected determinants of contraceptive prevalence among 10-49 aged ever-married women in Bangladesh and their true impact on the contraception prevalence rate (CPR). It applies a multilevel logistic regression analysis to draw valid conclusions about the effects of the selected determinants on CPR using the 2004 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) contraceptive binary data which is a multistage stratified cluster data. Instead of standard single level logistic model, multilevel logistic regression model has been utilized since the data follow a hierarchical structure. Also the comparison between single and multilevel model has been done to investigate the necessity of multilevel effects. The findings suggest that age of the women, number of living children, education, religion, media, place of residence and wealth index have significant multilevel effects on CPR. The study has finally suggested integrating a strong awareness program that targets the 10-49 aged currently married women in Bangladesh in those divisions (level-3) and clusters (level-2) where the particular determinant of contraceptive use has been found to be less effective.
Determinants of Contraceptive Use in Bangladesh
Ibrahim Medical College Journal, 2016
Background: Bangladesh is experiencing a plateau phase in fertility decline after its dramatic reduction in early nineties. Aspects of contraceptive use dynamics have important influences on fertility. Methods: This study used data from the 2004 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey and applied Multinomial Logistic Regression model to examine the determinants of use of modern methods of contraception. Results: The results showed that individual level characteristics had strong influence on contraceptive use. These variables included educational level of the couples, autonomy of woman, male child preference, woman's membership with an NGO, visit by family planning worker, region and type of residence. Conclusion: The analysis indicated that further increase of contraceptive prevalence rate to achieve decline in fertility level depended on the improvement of educational status of couples and as well as increase in societal value of girl child. It was evident that household visit by a family planning worker was a significant factor in contraceptive use. Influences of Muslim religion were found to be declining in the case of several methods of contraception use. NGOs could take this opportunity to advocate condom use among their credit clients, which would also benefit the country as a policy against sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS.
Contraceptive use patterns in Matlab, Bangladesh: insights from a 1984 survey
Journal of Biosocial Science, 1989
SummaryAn experimental maternal and child health and family planning programme has been in existence in Matlab for almost 10 years. During this time the project has achieved remarkable success in the area of family planning. Based upon a 1984 survey, this study examines the pattern of contraceptive use in the Matlab treatment area, and contrasts it with the regular government programme in the neighbouring comparison area. Important differences between the two areas are observed, with the treatment area characterized by substantially higher levels of current contraceptive use, greater reliance upon temporary methods for birth spacing and, among acceptors of sterilization, more prior experimentation with other methods. In the comparison area lower rates of contraceptive use are observed, with heavy reliance upon tubectomy for limiting family size. The findings suggest that an intensive and innovative family planning programme in rural Bangladesh can achieve success not only in terms o...
High fertility regions in Bangladesh: A marriage cohort analysis
2010
Bangladesh represents one of the few countries in south Asia where the pace of fertility decline has been unprecedented over the last three decades. Although there has been significant reduction in fertility levels at the national level, regional variations continue to persist, especially in Sylhet and Chittagong where the total fertility rates are well above the country average. Using data from three consecutive Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHSs) this paper assesses how fertility patterns in Sylhet and Chittagong differ from the rest of Bangladesh through a marriage cohort analysis of the parity progression ratios, and examines the factors determining the transition rates to higher parity in these two regions. Three cohorts of women are identified: those married during 1965-1974, 1975-84 and 1985-94. The results show that the probability that a woman from the recent cohort in Sylhet or Chittagong who had a third birth will have a fourth birth is nearly twice that of her counterpart in other regions. Social characteristics such as education, occupation, religion and residence have no effect on fertility in Sylhet and Chittagong. Additional period-specific analyses using the 2007 BDHS data show that women in Sylhet are considerably more likely to have a third or fourth birth sooner than those in other divisions, especially Khulna. The findings call for specific family planning policy interventions in Sylhet and Chittagong ensuring gender equity, promoting female education and delaying entry into marriage and childbearing.