THE REFUGEE "EU-TURKEY DEAL ". THE ETHICS OF BORDER POLITICS. EL "ACUERDO UE-TURQUÍA" SOBRE REFUGIADOS. LA ÉTICA DE LA POLÍTICA DE FRONTERAS (original) (raw)

THE EU-TURKEY " REFUGEE DEAL " : A NEW WAY OF RESPONSIBILITY-SHARING OR THE COLLAPSE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM FOR THE PROTECTION OF REFUGEES

The Syrian displacement crisis is the most compelling humanitarian crisis of our times. The mass displacement of Syrians did not only cause challenges for Syria’s neighboring countries -including Turkey as the largest host of displaced Syrians- but also the European Union Member States. It has also call into question the principle of “responsibility-sharing” in the context of the international protection of refugees, Human Rights Law and Refugee Law. As a result of a long negotiation process between Turkey and EU over the protection, and care of displaced Syrians, the parties agreed upon a text that is called the EU-Turkey “Refugee Deal”. The deal was met with a chorus of objection by scholars, legal experts and international NGOs who criticized it for contradicting the general principles of the international Human Rights Law, Refugee Law and the EU Asylum Law. This paper studies the pathway that lead EU and Turkey to sign the “Refugee Deal”, its content and clauses, implications and potential risks that are likely to occur in practice, with an emphasis on the contribution and/or detriment that the deal would bring to the notion of responsibility-sharing in international humanitarian system.

Blocked by Diplomatic Barriers: Syrian Refugees and the EU-Turkey Migration Cooperation

European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research

The recent EU-Turkey deal on irregular migration and refugees raised voices of humanitarian concerns with regards to the protection of the rights of Syrian refugees. Despite the positive efforts of Turkey to accommodate Syrian refugees, it still lacks a proper asylum system and measures that can guarantee their socio-economic integration and protect their rights. So instead of having a proper EU refugee resettlement system, they just offer money and mobility incentives to Turkey to keep the Syrian refugees on its land, while sidelining the deteriorating status of those refugees in Turkey. This paper argues that EU-Turkey cooperation on migration is security/interest-based, which counters the protection of the rights of Syrian refugees. On one hand, the EU hoped to guard itself from potential security threats, reflecting the dilemma of security vs. human rights. On the other hand, Turkey was hoping to accelerate visa waivers for its nationals and ease its accession to the EU membership.

EU-Turkey Deal in the Context of Refugee Crisis: Humanitarian Perspective from the EU Values Kerem CANKILIÇ

2021

According to many intellectuals and many institutions, the world is currently facing the most serious refugee/displacement crisis after the Second World War. There are currently 79.5 million forcibly displaced people, all around the globe, according to the 2019 UNHCR Commission Report. Due to this huge crisis, European Union has worked with Turkey by signing the bilateral agreement on preventing irregular migrations to European borders. Within the scope of the agreement, several criticisms concerning human rights violations are directed from the perspective of EU values and international norms. In this context, the study is aiming to explain the term of irregular migration in the scope of the EU-Turkey agreement signed in 2016 and to examine the agreement from the values of the European Union in accordance with international norms.

EU-Turkey Refugee Deal: Buck-Passing and Bargaining on Human Lives at Risk?

Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 2020

Since the early stages, the EU-Turkey Refugee Deal has generated several controversies concerning its legal and moral standing. In the first section of this paper, for important informative purposes, I will briefly discuss several points related to how the legality of the deal could be contested. In the second section, I will turn my attention to a more detailed examination of whether the deal could be considered immoral with regard to two morally condemned practices, namely: buck-passing, or evasion of responsibility, and bargaining on human lives at risk. In the final section, I will attempt to outline guiding principles for a hypothetical deal that would be more responsive to the principles underpinning the Refugee Convention than the morally condemnable principles in the actual deal based on those two grounds discussed here.

Understanding The Dynamics of Political Bargaining Between Turkey and The EU: The Use of Syrian Refugee Crisis for Political Ends

TESAM Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu: Ekonomik, Siyasal ve Sosyal Boyutları ile Göç, 2016

In post-Arab Spring period, the European Union's (EU) migration policy has followed a security-oriented trend; and through the externalisation of its migration policies, the Union's impact has gradually reached out at various actors such as neighbouring, third and candidate countries including Turkey. In time of facing intense refugee crisis originating from Syria, it is observed that the EU is currently struggling to prevent illegal migration, human trafficking and organised crime widely taking place at the Aegean Sea. In this context, primarily due to its geopolitical position, Turkey has inherently become a strategic partner of the EU for the peaceful management of ever increasing migration flows towards the EU. Given that, the Syrian refugee crisis is depicted as one of the primary reasons for the recent pragmatic re-engagement between Turkey and the EU particularly aiming at the promotion of peaceful management and prevention of irregular migration flows towards Europe. This paper analyses the dynamics of political bargaining between Turkey and the EU by delving into the features of Turkey-EU refugee deal as a paradigm-directed activity. This paper henceforth aims to ponder upon the opportunities and costs associated with the cooperative vs. non-cooperative bargaining models by taking into consideration of the external stimuli and internal processes along with political actors' intentions both at the national and supranational level.

EU-Turkey Refugee Agreement: Too Big to Fail

SETA Analysis, 2017

The migrant crisis that has stemmed from the ongoing strife in the MENA region is one of the most devastating and consequential crises of modern times. Its impact has been felt across continents, in countries such as Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan, along with European Union member states and the United States. In addition to unprecedented regional humanitarian challeng- es, the crisis shook Europe to its core by challenging its political institutions and humanitarian values. e rise of populism and Islamophobia in the West in general is closely associated with the migrant crisis that has pushed the capacity of countries to their limits. Perhaps no relationship has been more a ected by the refugee crisis than that between the European Union and Turkey. EU-Turkey relations have been strained and undermined by the migrant crisis to such a degree that it seems to have created a “make or break” moment in Turkey’s EU accession talks. is analysis outlines the process through which the EU-Turkey Joint Action Plan (JAP) on refugees came into being and examines the impact of the agreement, including its challenges and successes. It also seeks to under- stand how heightened tensions between the EU and Turkey will a ect the longevity and e ectiveness of the agreement.