Role Conception and Strategic Orientation in Duterte's Philippine Security Policy (original) (raw)
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A critical analysis of the paper Conceptualization of foreign policy: An Analytical Analysis
The paper conceptualization of foreign policy: an analytical analysis is an interrogation of dynamics that affect the foreign policy process. The paper can be divided into three main parts. In the first part Mushtaq and Choudhry (2013) open the discussion by interrogating different t definitions of the concept foreign policy as outlined by different scholars. The authors also argue that the objective of foreign policy is to pursue, achieve and defend national interests of a state in the international system. The authors then identify the stages that are involved in foreign policy making process. Here the authors identify three main stages which are formulation, deciding on the course of action and the actual implementation of the selected policy option. Finally the author delves into factors that affect foreign policy formulation and implementation. These foreign policy determinants have been categorized them into two broad categories which are internal and external factors.
Nature and Scope of Foreign Policy
" We come together at a crossroad between war and peace, between disorder and integration, between fear and hope. Around the globe, there are signposts of progress. The shadow of world war that existed at the founding of this institution has been lifted and the prospects of war between major powers reduced. " These were the opening remarks of former President Barack Obama's 2014 United Nations General Assembly Address. The nature of the global system today stresses the need for cooperation. Leaders and nations have put aside country dominance, allegiance to flag, the mode of worship and colour to advance causes such as reducing poverty, cutting down inequality, provide more opportunities for all and clamp down on terrorism. These are concerns and discussions that have engaged the field of foreign policy analysis to help one to appreciate why and how states make their decisions in their relation with other states. The field of foreign policy explains why states behave in the ways they do and also enables us to understand the tools available to states for the formulation and implementation of their foreign policies. This paper would take a cursory look at what foreign policy is and what its nature and scope entails with appropriate illustrations. This task would be fully exhausted using the following pointers; overview of foreign policy, elements key to understanding foreign policy, rational decision making involved in foreign policy decision making, objectives of foreign policy, methods of achieving foreign policy, characteristics/features of foreign policy and lastly importance of foreign policy.
Derek Beach's Foreign Policy Analysis book summary; first 8 chapters, excluding constructivism out. The source of national foreign policy preference formation is divided into theories that suggest that the primary determinants of a state's foreign policy goals are system level factors external to the state (exogenous). And also they suggest that state level factors also matter to varying degrees (indigenous). ‐Structural realists agree that national preferences are based upon the need to survive in anarchy, but they disagree between them whether state goals are mainly defensive or whether the anarchic system pushes them to adopt a more offensive foreign policy goals. ‐Liberals in turn, are split between those who analyze the impact of the level of interdependence upon what states wants, and those that investigate the effects that institution‐rich environments have upon foreign policy goals. ‐Constructivists argue that the ideas embedded in different " cultures " of the system can impact on what states want and even on the very foreign policy identity of the state. Identities constitute how a state conceives its interests.
Significance and determinants of foreign policy
This research is about the study of Significance and determinants of Foreign Policy. Here firstly, the meaning of the very term Foreign Policy is discussed which means, the policy which a state adopts to work on a global level with various other states. The whole essence of this prelude is that the term foreign policy cannot be studied in isolation from the factors that determine it. There are various objectives which a Foreign Policy has to achieve which can be, Short Range Objectives, Middle Range Objectives, Long Range Objectives, which includes the core objectives and are time bound if they are for a shorter period. Lastly, undoubtedly Foreign Policy has a major importance for a state. Foreign policies are designed to help protect a country's national interests, national security, ideological goals, and economic prosperity. This can occur as a result of peaceful cooperation with other nations, or through exploitation.