Growth recovery and bone mineral density in Egyptian children (original) (raw)

2000, Dissertation

Prepubertal children who were stunted as toddlers were reexamined after ten years to determine if growth recovery had occurred, and if, it had occurred, the magnitude of catchup growth and the factors involved in this process. Fifty-six percent of the children exhibited growth recovery defined as an increase in height-for-age z-score (HAZ) greater than −2.00 sd of the WHO reference median. The strongest predictor of HAZ in 1995 was the child's height as a young child. Other factors implicated in growth recovery were male gender, fewer younger siblings within the household, and lower father's years of education. Bone mineral density measures of the distal radius site were not found to be significantly different for children who showed growth recovery in comparison to age and size matched peers. However, those children who remained stunted had smaller bone widths as expected due to their smaller overall body size. Other significant findings were that pubertal delay appears to foster continued education for girls in the study village. Girls who exhibited pubertal maturation were removed from school attendance in keeping with cultural perceptions of modesty and appropriate behavior for young women. Anemia levels were high for all children and particularly for girls. As these young women marry and bear children, it is likely that iron-deficiency anemia will continue if not worsen posing health risks for future generations. Further investigation of child growth in this community is warranted in light of the continued effects early childhood growth stunting has had upon these prepubertal children. The study site provides an ideal setting for non-intervention based research on this topic. Detailed anthropometric, demographic, and socioeconomic variables are available for the sample children's parents, and themselves in 1983–85, 1992, and 1995.

The international growth standard for children and adolescents project: environmental influences on preadolescent and adolescent growth in weight and height

Food and nutrition bulletin, 2006

This review has two aims. The first is to identify important environmental influences on the growth of children aged 1 to 9 years and of adolescents, defined as those aged 10 to 19 years. The second is to identify possible environmentally based criteria for the selection of individuals and populations for data collection in the development of an international growth reference for these age ranges. There are many common environmental influences on the growth of children between the ages of 1 and 19 years; the examination and description of these forms the main body of this review. Subsequently, environmental factors influencing adolescent growth only are considered. In both cases, possible selection criteria are put forward. The most important inclusion criteria for both preadolescence and adolescence are good nutrition, lack of infection, and socioeconomic status that does not constrain growth. Additionally, low birthweight, catchup growth, breastfeeding, and early adiposity rebound...

Socioeconomic and Genetic Factors Influencing the Strength, Weight, Length and Width Measurements of Children

2010

Child growth has been the interest of scientists for a long time. Most children in Africa and Asia still live in conditions that are not considered “optimal” by comparison with those prevailing in Europe and North America. There are, however, socioeconomic status (SES) improvements on those continents that create, in circumscribed populations, living conditions on a par with those of the “first world”. The Javanese sample came from good socioeconomic status (SES) children in Malang (East Java). A total of 1913 Javanese children (822 boys and 1091 girls) were measured. The samples from South Africa were from high (urban) and low (rural) SES. As many as 1109 children (274 rural females, 297 urban females, 263 rural males, and 275 urban males) were measured. Analysis of variance was used to find significant differences, and probit analysis was used to calculate the age of menarche (12.15 years, s=1.10). The results showed that Javanese girls had significantly younger age of menarche. S...

Parental height and child growth from birth to 2 years in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study

Maternal & child nutrition, 2013

Linear growth from birth to 2 years of children enrolled in the World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study was similar despite substantial parental height differences among the six study sites. Within-site variability in child length attributable to parental height was estimated by repeated measures analysis of variance using generalized linear models. This approach was also used to examine relationships among selected traits (e.g. breastfeeding duration and child morbidity) and linear growth between 6 and 24 months of age. Differences in intergenerational adult heights were evaluated within sites by comparing mid-parental heights (average of the mother's and father's heights) to the children's predicted adult height. Mid-parental height consistently accounted for greater proportions of observed variability in attained child length than did either paternal or maternal height alone. The proportion of variability explained by mid-parental height ranged fr...

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