REVIEW OF ULTRASONIC TESTING TECHNIQUE (original) (raw)
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Measurement of dynamic properties of stiff specimens using ultrasonic waves
Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2011
The measurement of low-strain properties (wave velocity and damping ratio) of geomaterials is affected by equipment-generated delays, coupling of transducers, and wave reflections. This study presents a new technique to measure ultrasonic properties of stiff specimens accurately. Compressional-wave velocities in cylindrical rods of different lengths and materials were measured using different ultrasonic equipment. The error induced by different equipment was below 1% after the measurements were corrected by the equipment time delay. Shear-wave velocities of different materials were measured using ultrasonic transducers (frequency < 1 MHz) and a resonant column device (frequency < 200 Hz). The difference in shear-wave velocities was less than 4%, and the measured values are in agreement with published results for all tested materials. A new methodology based on the first two reflections of the main pulse has been developed to measure the damping ratio of stiff specimens using ultrasonic equipment. The ultrasonic measurements of the damping ratio compare well with resonant column results. A more reliable determination of the dynamic Poisson's ratio of a cemented sand was achieved using corrected ultrasonic-wave velocities.
Characterization of Material Properties by Ultrasonics
Non-destructive testing techniques are most commonly employed for detection and characterization of flaws in the component. Apart from flaw characteristics, another parameter which is equally important to assess the structural integrity of engineering components is the material property. Nondestructive testing techniques offer several advantages over the conventional coupon-based techniques. Ultrasonic Testing is one of the widely used NDT techniques for material characterization. In the past few decades, researchers all over the world have carried out extensive study to characterize, both microstructural and mechanical properties of materials by ultrasonic testing. This paper highlights the ultrasonic testing parameters useful for material characterization studies and also investigations carried out in various laboratories including authors' laboratory on characterization of microstructural and mechanical properties of materials, qualification of processing treatments during fabrication and assessment of damage during service due to various degradation mechanisms.
Effects of path length on the linear and non-linear ultrasonic characterization of soft materials
2020
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Physics Procedia, 2015
Some technical aspects of two Spanish cooperation projects, funded by DPI and Innpacto Programs of the R&D National Plan, are discussed. The objective is to analyze the common belief about than the ultrasonic testing in MHz range is not a tool utilizable to detect internal flaws in highly attenuating pieces made of coarse-grained steel. In fact high-strength steels, used in some safe industrial infrastructures of energy & transport sectors, are difficult to be inspected using the conventional "state of the art" in ultrasonic technology, due to their internal microstructures are very attenuating and coarse-grained. It is studied if this inspection difficulty could be overcome by finding intense interrogating pulses and advanced signal processing of the acquired echoes. A possible solution would depend on drastically improving signal-to-noise-ratios, by applying new advances on: ultrasonic transduction, HV electronics for intense pulsed driving of the testing probes, and an "ad-hoc" digital processing or focusing of the received noisy signals, in function of each material to be inspected. To attain this challenging aim on robust steel pieces would open the possibility of obtaining improvements in inspecting critical industrial components made of highly attenuating & dispersive materials, as new composites in aeronautic and motorway bridges, or new metallic alloys in nuclear area, where additional testing limitations often appear.
Measurement of Elastic Properties of Materials by the Ultrasonic Through-Transmission Technique
2011
The elastic mechanical behavior of elastic materials is modeled by a pair of independent constants (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s coefficient). A precise measurement for both constants is necessary in some applications, such as the quality control of mechanical elements and standard materials used for the calibration of some equipment. Ultrasonic techniques have been used because wave velocity depends on the elastic properties of the propagation medium. The ultrasonic test shows better repeatability and accuracy than the tensile and indentation test. In this work, the theoretical and experimental aspects related to the ultrasonic through-transmission technique for the characterization of elastic solids is presented. Furthermore, an amorphous material and some polycrystalline materials were tested. Results have shown an excellent repeatability and numerical errors that are less than 3% in high-purity samples.
New ultrasound approaches to measuring material parameters
Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2018, 2018, Wilga, Polan, 2018
New approaches to ultrasonic measurements based on the use of the ultrasonic near-field zone and the resonance method are considered. the approaches can be used to measure such material parameters as density, thickness and humidity. simulation and obtained experimental results are given. a mathematical model of the ultrasonic resonance method for measuring material parameters is presented. shown simulation results and experimental data exhibit the high convergence which indicates the adequacy of the proposed model and allows offering a new class of ultrasonic methods for measuring control. a new approach to ultrasonic measurements based on the creation of ultrasonic wave selfoscillation conditions is proposed.