Deciphering Secrets Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) 11th Century Spanish Paleography Manual V3.0. Manuscript Archivo Municipal de Burgos (Spain). SJ-1/1. *Updated on 6 April 2018. (original) (raw)
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We know as Visigothic script the Latin script used between about the 8th and 13th centuries in the territories that formed the ancient Visigothic kingdom. In the last century, paleographers established the basic graphical characteristics of the script (variants, morphology, abbreviations, evolution, etc.) and discussed its possible origin (genetic, chronological and geographical). Since then research on this writing has focused on further analysis of the regional characteristics. The study of this aspect is very important in allowing us to determine the geographical location of all those sources which, if analyzed in isolation, could not be ascribed with certainty to a specific production center; such as codices without colophon, or fragments. We can compare their graphic features with those scripts for which we are able to provide a provenance and date, such as diplomas, in order to have a complete context in which to continue with the study of this writing, its evolution, and all the cultural aspects related to these sources. The first two areas to be differentiated were the Mozarabic and the Leonese, in the late 19th century, and afterwards also the Portuguese, Catalan and southern French ones. But there is still work to be done. Despite the large volume of documentation on the ancient Kingdom of Galicia preserved in Visigothic script, a detailed examination of these sources has not yet been undertaken. Consequently, the scientific community has accepted the idea that this type of writing does not have enough specific features in this area to merit a separate study and to be considered as independent of the Leonese, in which it has traditionally been included. But is this accurate? The main goal of my doctoral thesis was to begin the study of the manuscript sources preserved in Visigothic script in Galicia, through a representative sample of the diocese of Lugo. In this paper will be shown its main results and discussed whether the characteristics of the Visigothic script used in these sources may or may not be considered sufficient evidence to establish a new regional variant.
We know as Visigothic script the Latin script used between around the 8th and 13th centuries in the territories that formed the ancient Visigothic kingdom. In the last century, paleographers established the basic graphical characteristics of the script (variants, morphology, abbreviations, evolution, etc.) and discussed its possible origin (genetic, chronological and geographical). Since then research on this writing has focused on further analysis of the regional characteristics. The study of this aspect is very important in allowing us to determine the geographical location of all those sources which, if analyzed in isolation, could not be ascribed with certainty to a specific production center; such as codices without colophon, or fragments. We can compare their graphic features with those scripts for which we are able to provide a provenance and date, such as diplomas, in order to have a complete context in which to continue with the study of this writing, its evolution, and all the cultural aspects related to these sources. The first two areas to be differentiated were the Mozarabic and the Leonese, in the late 19th century, and afterwards also the Portuguese, Catalan and southern French ones. But there is still work to be done. Despite the large volume of documentation on the ancient Kingdom of Galicia preserved in Visigothic script, a detailed examination of these sources has not yet been undertaken. Consequently, the scientific community has accepted the idea that this type of writing does not have enough specific features in this area to merit a separate study and to be considered as independent of the Leonese, in which it has traditionally been included. But is this accurate? The main goal of my doctoral thesis was to begin the study of the manuscript sources preserved in Visigothic script in Galicia, through the representative sample of the diocese of Lugo. In this seminar will be shown its main results, explained the next steps and discussed whether the characteristics of the Visigothic script used in these sources may or may not be considered sufficient evidence to establish a new regional variant.
Some Southwest Iberian Inscriptions
The Southwest Iberian inscriptions are conducted in a variant of the Iberian family of scripts, which originates from the Phoenician alphabet but became subject to a secondary process of partial syllabification. Now, the Southwest Iberian inscriptions presumably date from an earlier period than the Celtiberian ones of the Meseta in northeast central Spain, and hence it is a dangerous procedure tot plug in the values as valid for he later Celtiberian inscriptions. In some instances, namely, signs of the Southwest Iberian script may well render a more original or simply alternative value. Therefore, this study sets out with a scrutiny of the values of the signs before embarking on linguistic interpretation. Having done so, it appears that among the total of ten texts selected for their workable state of preservation there can be distinguished three categories: (1) bilateral dedications, (2) dedications more in general, and (3) funeral inscriptions. Moreover, the language can positively be identified as a local dialectal variant of Celtic, most closely related to Celtiberian and Gaulish. To underline this point of view, the final sections are dedicated to overviews of the relevant linguistic evidence and a provisional grammatical sketch.
Networks and Neighbours, 2020
In a set of essays (Visigothic Symposium 4) intended to present a review of literary production in Visigothic Hispania, from the perspective of historical contextualization, it is of course fundamental to be able to date the sources we have with some certainty. As is usual, to trace the outlines of this basic corpus we begin from two premises: on the one hand, there is the surviving production, which permits a direct approach to the subject treated in the source and to its context; on the other, there is what has not survived but which, since it is mentioned in other works or its subject is a constant of the period in question, we must assume to have existed. By addressing both cases together, we should be able to begin to understand what was produced in the peninsula, who produced it, and to which specific interests it responded – the point of departure that makes it possible to carry out a study of cultural contextualization. What is missing will be as revealing as what is available or what we can suppose once was, reflecting the interests of elites and institutions both secular and ecclesiastical who, after all, guided the production. Therefore, in this essay, after some brief notes on what could have been in this vast set of literary documents, preserved or lost, I focus on a survey of the criteria that have traditionally been used to identify codices produced in Hispanic centers. That is to say, I propose here a review of the so-called “Visigothic symptoms,” paleographic aspects that have served to categorize certain codices copied in book hand, Uncial, and Half-uncial scripts as Hispanic production in centers within the Visigothic kingdom.
The Antequera slate-Revision of Iberian History and Antropology-Relation to Visigothic slates, 2023
The Antequera Slate is a striking scripted finding in the Roman "Villa de la Estacion" (Railway Station Villa) archaeological site which was in use in its Roman known period approximately between 100 years BC and 450 AD. Some of the slate incised signs were familiar to us because they were similar to the so-called pre-Iberian-Tartessian scripted incise or picketed signs found in a Megalithic context or not in rocks and stones in Iberia, Canary Islands and Algerian Sahara. The antiquity of these signs may vary depending the place but some may have been done thousands of years BC. We have put forward that these Antequera Slate signs may be pre-Iberian-Tartessian that had remained in Iberian autochthonous rural or aristocratic people during centuries, but a firm conclusion is premature. Otherwise, the scripts are not done in Roman or any other standard writing. Visigoth scripted slates were started to be performed in Central West Iberia when Visigoths appeared in Iberia, together with Suevs, Vandals and Alans. The Antequera Slate incise signs may have been originated by these new cultures, but no Visigoth tables signs have been found with similar signs to Antequera Slate signs. Taking into account that we do not now either the language/symbols or writing of many Visigothic slates (5 th-8 th century AD) nor the Antequera Slate, we also agree with other scholars that this is an important enigma which does not fit with archaeology, anthropology and history of Iberian Peninsula and that all these disciplines should be revised in the context detailed in this and others work.
2020
Rock Iberian-Guanche inscriptions have been found in all Canary Islands including La Palma: they consist of incise (with few exceptions) lineal scripts which have been done by using the Iberian semi-syllabary that was used in Iberia and France during the 1st millennium BC until few centuries AD .This confirms First Canarian Inhabitants navigation among Islands. In this paper we analyze three of these rock inscriptions found in westernmost La Palma Island: hypotheses of transcription and translation show that they are short funerary and religious text, like of those found widespread through easternmost Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and also Tenerife Islands. They frequently name “Aka” (dead), “Ama” (mother godness) and “Bake” (peace), and methodology is mostly based in phonology and semantics similarities between Basque language and prehistoric Iberian-Tartessian semi-syllabary transcriptions. These Iberian-Guanche scripts are widespread in La Palma usually together with spiral and circul...
Some Things About Iberian Manuscripts
In the past few years, I have presented evidence to link two early chant manuscripts, Toledo, Biblioteca capitular, 44.1 (early eleventh-century) and Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, latin 1118 (late tenth-century) to the Benedictine monastery of Sant Sadurní de Tavèrnoles in Catalonia. Because these manuscripts are different types of books—one for the Divine Office; the other for the Mass—their repertory for the most part cannot be compared. They do, however, have a number of characteristics in common that are distinctive. These include paleographical features, the calendar, the arrangement of the feasts, and the decoration. Unfortunately, it is not possible to compare these two sources to other manuscripts from Tavèrnoles: when the monastery was dissolved in 1592, the entire library was dispersed and, aside from a handful of original documents, there is not one single manuscript of any type that has been identified without question as having been produced in the scriptorium of Tavèrnoles during the tenth and eleventh centuries. Nevertheless, even without a Tavèrnoles manuscript to compare to, it is possible to establish the context for the distinctive features that occur in Toledo 44.1 and Paris 1118. These features are not unique to Tavèrnoles, but appear in other Iberian sources and reveal the multiple cultural influences at work during the period—Carolingian, Visigothic, and Moorish, as well as local traditions that persist. In this paper, I will illuminate that context and point out evidence that shows that the production and destination of these two manuscripts were not anomalous events.
Int J Modern Genet, 2021
Lineal Megalithic/Paleolithic Lineal signs/lines may have a variety of purposes or representations. Some authors have proposed they represent sky, planets and stars and their movements, space/time representations or others, including letters/syllables or symbols/events. Some are painted, other incised; the latter are relatively more common in Megalithic scripts. Man is "writing" or creating handmade figures on stones /rocks and other supports, which sometimes have intentionally been polished since Paleolithic times: at least 70,000 years BP (Blombos Cave, South Africa). Megalithic script is named because it is associated to megalithic structures, although not exclusively. Von Petzinger 40,000 years old "symbols" and/or writing are extended worldwide in Paleolithic caves and other rocks. Man connection was worldwide in Paleolithic times. Canary Islands incise or picketed lineal writing exists with a transcribed and translated meaning collection of signs (Ibero-Guanche or Latin inscriptions and Lybic ones). Also, other African/European/Mediterranean lineal scripts there exist and examples are given in the present paper. Fuerteventura Island contains in addition many small or bigger stones and rocks with these Paleolithic/Megalithic incised lines all over its territory. About timing in which these stones that were incised by man, we are only referring to a kind of stone crafting. However, we do not discard that they were made by man several thousand years BP. Some Paleolithic/Megalithic scripts are mixed with clear Iberian semi-syllabary signs in Fuerteventura and other Canary Islands. They may reflect the evolution of more ancient Megalithic scripts to lineal writings like those detailed in the present paper and others. Finally, writing concept should be redefined whenever more precise data and dating be available.