Biological Synthesis and Applications of gold and Silver nanoparticles - A review (original) (raw)
Related papers
Plant-mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and their applications
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2009
Nanobiotechnology deals with the synthesis of nanostructures using living organisms. Among the use of living organisms for nanoparticle synthesis, plants have found application particularly in metal nanoparticle synthesis. Use of plants for synthesis of nanoparticles could be advantageous over other environmentally benign biological processes as this eliminates the elaborate process of maintaining cell cultures. Biosynthetic processes for nanoparticles would be more useful if nanoparticles were produced extracellularly using plants or their extracts and in a controlled manner according to their size, dispersity and shape. Plant use can also be suitably scaled up for large-scale synthesis of nanoparticles. In view of this, we have reviewed here the use of plants or their extracts in the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles for various human applications.
Nanotechnology for environmental engineering, 2020
Objective: The cellular synthesis of nanoparticle is a green process and alternative for a conventional process for the preparation of silver nanoparticles. In our research, focus has been given to the development of an efficient and eco-friendly viable process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cancer and non-cancerous cells, a cell culture that was isolated. The results of this investigation are observed that silver nanoparticles could be induced to synthesis intra-and extra-cellularly using mammalian cells such as cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Methods: The silver nanoparticles are synthesized by the cancer and non-cancerous cells such as HeLa (Homo sapiens, human), SiHa, and human embryonic kidney-293 cell lines. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Results: The silver nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance at 415 nm in UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD confirms the characteristic of the crystal lattice of silver nanoparticles by observing three peaks: Peak at 38 is due to reflection from (111), peak at 44 is due to reflection from (200), and peak at 65 is due to reflection from (220). TEM images showed the formation of stable silver nanoparticles in the cell lines. Conclusion: The method of extraction of intracellular/extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles was inexpensive, simple, and effective in large scale with no need to use of complex process equipment. The cancer cell considered as a biological factory at nanoscale dimension which continued to grow after synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The silver reduction by these cancer cells has occurred through energy-dependent processes that lead to the high output of this reaction. Hence, this new approach of using a mammalian cell for the successful synthesis of nanosized silvers could be easily scaled up, which establishes its commercial viability and also useful in the drug delivery and drug targeting.
Microbial synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles and their characterization
We report the novel biological route for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using naturally grown mushroom species which is the facile, rapid cost effective and environmentally benign approach. The formation of nanoparticles was observed by change in colour of the reaction medium and then confirmed by using UV-visible spectroscopy. The SPR peak appeared at 530 nm for gold and for silver at 415 nm confirm the formation of the gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. PSA characterization was performed for size and distribution of the formed nanoparticles. The study identifies mushroom species as a potential candidate for biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles in large scale production.
Potential Applications of Plants for the Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles : A Review
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2019
Nanoparticles are widely used in biotechnology and biomedical fields such as in diagnosis and therapy. Recently, synthesizing metal nanoparticles using plants has been extensively studied and has been recognized as a green and efficient way for further exploiting plant parts as convenient nanofactories. The importance of nanotechnology is highly increased in last years. Gold and silver nanoparticles are significant in the process due to their many peculiarities such as surface Plasmon absorption and the surface accessibility for further functionalization. As gold and silver nanoparticle are proved to be safest for drugs applications they are considered very important and used in several applications. Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticle can be done through three methods like Physical, Chemical reduction and Biological or Green methods. Present work have been presented to focus on the green method of its synthesis. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has many advantages over tedious, toxic and expensive physical and chemical methods of synthesis. The goal, was to develop a reliable, ecofriendly and easy process for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. The size and shape of nanoparticle are the key to their biomedical property. Green synthesis of nanoparticle is feasible way for the future and this review provides gold and silver nanoparticle synthesis by green method because in recent years' efficient green chemistry methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticle has become major focus of researchers.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach. Several microorganisms have been known to produce silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), when silver molecules are exposed either intracellularly or extracellularly. Intracellular synthesis may accomplish a better control over the size and shape distributions of the nanoparticles, product harvesting, and recovery are more cumbersome and expensive. The extracellular synthesis by comparison is more adaptable to the synthesis of a wider range of nanoparticles systems. These silver nanoparticles are found to play a major role in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine. This review is thus an overview of Ag NPs, biosynthesis by biosynthetic methods such as biological microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and plants extract and their advantages.
Biogenically Synthesized Silver/Gold Nanoparticles, Mechanism and their Applications: A Review
Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences
Green nanoparticle synthesis is a vital branch in nanotechnology. These nanoparticles are synthesized with the aid of phytochemicals in plant extracts. The phytochemicals also stabilize the synthesised nanoparticles eliminating the use of toxic capping agents. Silver and gold (Ag NPs, Au NPs) green nanoparticles are common. They have wide applications in areas such as diagnosis, drug delivery and therapeutics. Despite their great applications, particle agglomeration greatly hinders their usage. As such, we explore various synthetic methods used to obtain green nanoparticles. Reaction mechanisms of the phytochemicals and precursor metals used to obtain the nanoparticles are studied in detail so as to get to the core of the problem. Use of broths obtained by boiling fresh plant leaves, stem, roots, bark or peels of fruits is the most widely used synthetic pathway. Reaction temperature, pH and metal concentration are the crucial factors controlling agglomeration and particle size. Furt...
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Minireview
Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine, 2020
In principle, nanoscience focus on the understanding of the structure, physical and chemical properties of nano size objects. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are both recent and active ongoing branch of science includes multi interdisciplinary sciences. On the other hand, nanotechnology considered as the invested outcomes of the obtained fundamental knowledge about nano objects in various commercial, industrial, environmental and medical sectors. All nano scale matters regardless of their nature referred to as nano-objects were the prefix ‘nano’ mean one millionth of millimeter size. Due to their nano size and high surface area, metal nanoparticles exhibits unique and novel physical and chemical properties compared to their macro scale counterparts. They are considered as very interesting and popular antimicrobial agent with wide spectrum activity against the variety of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Three main methods were routinely used for metal nanoparticles formation that are chemical, physical and biological approaches. As eco-friendly, cheap and safe synthesis approach without the use of toxic chemicals and free of resulted hazardous byproducts several extracellular and intracellular biological methods using bacteria, fungi, plants or their extracts were reported that known collectively as green nanotechnology
Progress in Biomaterials, 2020
The evolving technology of nanoparticle synthesis, especially silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) has already been applied in various fields i.e., electronics, optics, catalysis, food, health and environment. With advancement in research, it is possible to develop nanoparticles of various size, shape, morphology, and surface to volume ratio utilizing biological systems. A number of different agents and methods can be employed to develop choice based AgNPs using algae, plants, fungi and bacteria. The use of plant extracts to produce AgNPs appears to be more convenient, as the method is simple, environmental friendly and inexpensive, also requiring a single-step. The microbial synthesis of AgNps showed intracellular and extracellular mechanisms to reduce metal ions into nanoparticles. Studies have shown that different size (1-100 nm) and shapes (spherical, triangular and hexagonal etc.) of nanoparticles can be produced from various biological routes and these diverse nanoparticles have various functions and usability i.e., agriculture, medical-science, textile, cosmetics and environment protection. The present review provides an overview of various biological systems used for AgNP synthesis, its underlying mechanisms, further highlighting the current research and applications of variable shape and sized AgNPs.
Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles and Silver Nanoparticles
In this century, the development of nanotechnology is projected to be the establishment of a technological evolutionary of this modern era. Recently, nanotechnology is one of the most active subjects of substantial research in modern material sciences and hence metal nanoparticles have a great scientific interest because of their unique optoelectronic and physicochemical properties with applications in diverse areas such as electronics, catalysis, drug delivery, or sensing. Nanotechnology provides an understanding on fundamental properties of objects at the atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels. Besides, nanotechnology also leads an alternative technological pathway for the exploration and revolution of biological entities, whereas biology provides role models and biosynthetic constituents to nanotechnology. The findings of this review are important to provide an alternative for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. It showed more cost-effective and environmental friendly application as well as easier for large production, with relation to the properties of silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial, can be served well as an alternative antiseptic agent in various fields. Typically, silver nanoparticles are smaller than 100 nm and consist of about 20-15,000 silver atoms. Due to the attractive physical and chemical properties of silver at the nanoscale, the development of silver nanoparticles is expanding in recent years and is nowadays significant for consumer and medical products.