Heavy Metal Removal by Biosorption Using Phanerochaete chrysosporium (original) (raw)
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Global Challenges
Barring a selected few as beneficial trace elements, majority of them have no established biological functions and are considered as nonessential metals. Because of their high degree of toxicity, lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), and nickel (Ni) rank among the priority metals that are of great public health significance. [2] These are all systemic toxicants inducing multiple organ damage, even at lower levels of exposure. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, these metals are also classified as either "known" or "probable" human carcinogens based on epidemiological and experimental studies, depicting an association between exposure and cancer incidence in humans and animals. [3] Heavy metal exposure, in particular, affects all organ systems including the nervous, dermatologic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. [3-5] Mostly, the waters of highly metalcontaminated sites and abandoned mines are in acidic range due to the higher concentration of sulphates, metals, and metalloids. White rot fungal communities may play crucial role in removal of heavy metals as they grow in acidic medium and survive with higher concentration of heavy metals. [6] Additionally, white rot fungi accumulate organic acids, carboxylic, and thiol ligands and other polymeric substances extracellularly, which reduce the toxicity of heavy metals. [7,8] Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a representative white rot fungus, has been used extensively for environmental engineering fields as its favorable metal absorption ability. [8-10] In the present study, free cells of P. chrysosporium are used for metal absorption, which offers several advantages over living cell study: i) wide range of operating conditions (pH and temperature), ii) no nutrition requirement, iii) comparative fast metal removal (in terms of time), and iv) resistant to initial higher metal concentration. [6] In biosorption studies, biosorbent concentration, pH, temperature, and metal concentration are the most important parameters, which directly affect the biosorption efficacy of metals. Previously, various researchers studied the biosorption efficiency of fungal biomass, optimized using either OFAT (one factor at a time) method or multivariate optimization Efficient degradation of hazardous contaminants from contaminated water is the major challenge for researchers, wherein heavy metals are the prominent contaminants. Consequently, the assessment of multimetal removal is necessary using efficient biosorbant. In this work, the capability of Phanerochaete chrysosporium is evaluated for the individual and simultaneous removal of heavy metals. Individual and simultaneous removal of As, Cd, and Cr is optimized using response surface methodology based on the central composite design by changing the variables, i.e., pH, fungal biomass, and metal concentration. Optimization of the individual metal removal study reveals that fungus effectively absorbs As (29.95 mg L −1), Cd (18.1 mg L −1), and Cr (26.34 mg L −1) at 6.1, 5.64, and 4.15 of pH, respectively. Similarly, As (14.18 mg L −1), Cd (4.53 mg L −1), and Cr (9.28 mg L −1) are absorbed by fungal hyphae simultaneously within 1 h. Changes in the morphology of fungal hyphae are detected in metal absorbed samples as compared to the control hyphae. Interaction of metal-absorbed fungal hyphae is analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, revealing that the proteins, carbohydrates, and fatty acids present in the fungal cell are interacted with metals. The model white rot fungi used in the present study can be applied efficiently for the multimetal removal in effluent treatment plants. Metal Removal
Biosorption of Lead(II) and Zinc (II) ions by pre-treated biomass of phanerochaete chrysosporium
The biosorption of heavy metals can be an effective process for the removal of such metal ions from aqueous solutions. In this study, the adsorption properties of nonliving biomass of phanerochaete chrysosporium for Pb (II) and Zn (II) were investigated by the use of batch adsorption techniques. The effects of initial metal ion concentration, initial pH, biosorbent concentration, stirring speed, temperature and contact time on the biosorption efficiency were studied. The experimental results indicated that the uptake capacity and adsorption yield of one the metal ion were reduced by the presence of the other one. The optimum pH was obtained as 6.0. The experimental adsorption data were fitted to both Langmuir and Frundlich adsorption models for Pb (II) and to the Langmuir model for Zn (II) ion. The highest metals uptake values of 57 and 87 mg/g were calculated for Zn (II) and Pb (II) respectively. Desorption of heavy metal ions was performed by 50 mM HNO 3 solution. The results indi...
Adsorption of heavy metals based on the bio- removal method
Rapid population growth and active industrial development create many toxic wastes that converge in the environment. Some toxic components found in the environment include Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), and Lead (Pb). Adsorption application technology has now been developed using biomass from micro-organisms plants that are identified as bio-removal. Bio-removal is one alternative method used as the absorption of heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to adsorb heavy metals based on the bio-removal way. This study test the use of bio-removal method limited to pH variable (pH: 5,7,9). Bio-removal was made from biomass of sago stem waste which prepared in two steps, i.e., carbonation (250-400 C) and activation (700 C). The analysis resulted that the utilization of the bio-removal method as heavy metal adsorption can reduce each intensity of heavy metals in the environment. The optimal absorption result was at pH 5 for each element of heavy metal.
Removal of heavy metals by biosorption
Environmental Chemistry Letters
Industrialization and urbanization have resulted in increased releases of toxic heavy metals into the natural environment comprising soils, lakes, rivers, groundwaters and oceans. Research on biosorption of heavy metals has led to the identification of a number of microbial biomass types that are extremely effective in bioconcentrating metals. Biosorption is the binding and concentration of adsorbate from aqueous solutions by certain types of inactive and dead microbial biomass. The novel types of biosorbents presently reviewed are grouped under fungal biomass, biomass of non-living, dried brown marine algae, agricultural wastes and residues, composite chitosan biosorbent prepared by coating chitosan, cellulose-based sorbents and bacterial strains. The reports discussed in this review collectively suggest the promise of biosorption as a novel and green bioremediation technique for heavy metal pollutants from contaminated natural waters and wastewaters.
Biosorption of Lead and Zinc Ions by Phanerocheat Chrysasporium - Research on Fixed Bed Column
In this research the biosorption process of lead and zinc ions by Phanerocheat chrysasporium was investigated. The dried biomass of P. chrysasporium was used for the uptake of Pb (II) and Zn (II) ions from aqueous solution. The study was carried out in five main stages. The first stage involved the preparation of biomass under optimum conditions (pH=4.5 and T=35°C), making dried biomass, and investigation of methods for providing the active microorganisms. In this study, boiling in NaOH 0.1 N was selected as the best method that increases the biosorption process. In the second stage, the dried and active biomass were added to artificial wastewater containing heavy metal ions of single metals, in order to attain optimum conditions for biosorption of any individual metal. These conditions were pH=5, T=37 °C, V=150 rpm for lead and pH=5.5, T=30°C, V=150 rpm for zinc. The third stage deals with mixing wastewater containing metals in double and triple forms with the biosorbent. The bioso...
Factors Influencing the Process of Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution
IAEME PUBLICATION, 2013
Various biological materials can be used for removing heavy metals like Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc from aqueous solutions successfully. Biosorption is a process in which solids of natural origin are employed for binding heavy metals. It is a promising alternative method to treat industrial effluents, mainly because of its low cost and high metal binding capacity. Biosorption is possible by both living and non living biomass. A large number of micro-organisms belonging to various groups viz, bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobactreia and algae have been reported to bind a variety of heavy metals to different extents. The process of biosorption is dependent on various parameters such as contact time, pH, biomass concentration and temperature and of the solution. In this paper, the role of various influencing factors on the removal of heavy metals by biosorption is reviewed.
Scientific Reports, 2023
It is crucial to identify more biological adsorbents that can efficiently uptake metals from wastewater. Dry haloalkaliphilic archaea Natronolimnobius innermongolicuswas evaluated for Cd ions biosorption. The optimal operating conditions (pH, biomass dose, initial metal concentration, contact time, and isotherms models) were tested. Biosorption process is influenced by the metal's solution pH with maximum removal of 83.36% being achieved at pH 8. Cadmium ions uptake reaches equilibrium in about 5 min of biosorption process. The Langmuir model was determined to better fit the Cd(II) biosorption by dry archaea. The maximal uptake capacity (q max) of Cd(II) was 128.21 mg/g. The effect of multi-component system on biosorption behaviour of Pb, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Cd ions by immobilized dried archaeal cells, dried archaeal cells, and dried bryozoa was studied using Plackett-Burman experimental design. The investigated biosorbents were effective at removing metals from contaminated systems, particularly for Fe, Pb, and Cd ions. Moreover, the interaction behaviour of these metals was antagonistic, synergistic, or non-interactive in multi-metals system. SEM, EDX, and FTIR spectra revealed changes in surface morphology of the biomass through the biosorption process. Finally, continuous adsorption experiment was done to examine the ability of immobilized biomass to adsorb metals from wastewater. The presence of heavy metals in marine environments is recognized to cause aquatic life damage 1, 2 , because these harmful heavy metals kill microorganisms during wastewater treatment which lead to a delay in the purification process of water 3. Heavy metals are resulted from many industries such as pigments, textile, petroleum refining, plating and battery manufacturing. Also other contamination sources of heavy metals include agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides 4. The traditional methods to eliminate the heavy metals from contaminated aqueous solutions involve filtration, ion exchange, chemical oxidation or reduction, chemical precipitation, recovery using evaporation, and electrochemical treatment 5, 6. However, these traditional methods are cheap but they are ineffective when the metal concentration in the contaminated water is less than 100 mg/l 7 , so in this case, the biosorption process can be more effective than the traditional methods at low metal concentration and also have the benefits of a low operating expense 8, 9. Biosorption process is defined as "the ability of biological materials to remove toxic heavy metals from contaminated aqueous environments through physicochemical reactions or metabolically mediated of uptake, or by binding and concentrating heavy metals by non-living and inactive biological biomass from contaminated aqueous solutions by absorbing toxic ions of heavy metals on the outer cellular cell wall (the surface adsorption mechanism)" 1, 10. Fungi 11 , algae 12-17 , and bacteria 18 have been well-known to adsorb metal ions. To improve the biosorption process in wastewater treatment, it is important to recognize more new biological biomass that could uptake metals from the aqueous solutions with high efficiency and to design bioprocesses that efficiently remove heavy metals from polluted marine environments.
Removal of Heavy Metals in Water with Biosorbtion Method Using Different Biosorbents
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi
Water is an important part of the ecosystem for life. With industrialization, pollution in water resources has reached a worrying level. Water pollution due to heavy metals and their increasing concentrations have caused researchers to increase their interest in the subject due to the damage they cause to water ecosystems. It requires serious cost and time to eliminate the pollution caused by heavy metals in water. In recent years, the use of biosorption method using bacteria to remove heavy metals in water has become widespread. The main reason why this method is preferred is that gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer on the cell wall and increases the adsorption capacity. In this study, in drinking, waste, river water and artificially prepared samples, batch method of heavy metal biosorption and biosorption competition in multiple prepared heavy metal solutions were investigated. For these processes, Bacillus licheniformis sp. Bacillus subtilis sp. and Bacillus s...
Bioadsorption of Heavy Metals From Industrial Wastewater Using Some Species of Bacteria
Three isolated bacteria were examined to remove heavy metals from the industrial wastewater of the Diala State Company of Electrical Industries, Diyala-Iraq. The isolated bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). The three isolates were used as an adsorption factor for different concentrations of Lead and Copper (100, 150, and 200 ppm.), in order to examine the adsorption efficiency of these isolates. In addition, the effect of three factors on heavy metals adsorption were examined; temperature (25, 30, and 37 C), pH (3 and 4.5) and contact time (2 and 24 hrs). The results showed that the highest level of lead adsorption was obtained at 37 C by E. coli, P, aerugenosa and SRB with percentage of 95, 95.3 and 99.7 % respectively, whereas, E. coli, P. Aerugenosa and SRB gave a copper adsorption percentage of (40.63, 50.51 and 80.57%) respectively at 37 C. Moreover, E.coli showed different percentage of metal adsorption ranged from 6.4% to 95 % with lead concentration of 100 and 200 ppm at pH4.5 and for each of 2 and 24 hrs contact time, whereas, it exerts percentage of copper adsorption ranged from 3.5 % to 40.63 % at 100 and 200 ppm and pH value of 4.5 for similar contact time. P. aerugenosa was also shown to be involved in metal adsorption with percentage ranged from 1.39 % for lead concentration of 150 ppm to 97.9 % for 200ppm under pH of 3 and contact times of 2 and 24 hrs. Interestingly, SRB exhibits significant differences in metal absorption values ranged from 14.97 % for lead (100 ppm) to 99.32 % at 200 ppm with a pH value of 3 and contact times of 2 and 24 hrs and under different temperatures.