Daniel, Jr. I. R., & A.C. Goodyear (2018), Clovis Macrobands in the Carolinas. In In the Eastern Fluted Point Tradition, Vol. II., edited by J. A.M. Gingerich, pp. 240-247. University of Utah Press. (original) (raw)
Related papers
Paleoindian in North Carolina: An Update on the North Carolina Fluted Point Survey
Continued work on the North Carolina fluted point survey now includes data on about 300 points. To date, these data have been used to address problems related to typological issues, geographic distributions, and patterns of raw material use. Three patterns are apparent. First, cultural-historical types in the state predominantly include Clovis, Cumberland, and Redstone. Second, unlike other areas of the Southeast, metavolcanic stone rather than chert represents the dominant tool stone. Third, point and raw material distributions suggest occupations centered in the Piedmont/Fall Line and Mountain regions, but the occupation of the latter appears unrelated to the former.
Evaluating the effects of raw material quality on technology is important for understanding subsistence and mobility strategies. This study quantifies raw material quality and selection through the analysis of prehistoric notched hafted bifaces from the Kolb Site, where quality refers to stone with exceptional conchoidal fracture. The frequencies of the different raw materials present were compared to the geographic distributions of those raw materials. The results indicate the selection of highly desired materials for notched tool manufacture, including raw material types from areas geographically removed from the Pee Dee region.
Pine Barrens and Possum's Rations: Early Archaic Settlement in the North Carolina Sandhills
Southeastern Archaeology, 2013
Competing models of Early Archaic settlement in the Southeast propose broad-scale organization conditioned by either lithic raw material availability or seasonal exploitation of biotic resources and social interaction. We offer a view from beyond the quarries and away from the river with data from the North Carolina Sandhills, a unique physiographic zone of the interior Coastal Plain. Analysis of the distribution of Early Archaic sites at Fort Bragg, including posited upland base camps, raw material use, and application of GIS least-cost path analysis, suggests intensive interriverine settlement, with watershed divides serving as conveyance corridors between high-quality toolstone areas in the Piedmont and resource blooms in the Coastal Plain. Some settlement changes are evident within the Early Archaic sequence, including a gradual shift from logistical to residential mobility and infilling of the local landscape. In the proposed Sandhills model, biocultural needs, social interaction, and requirements for high-quality toolstone are identified at the local band level. Mobility and settlement are considered to be broadly structured by networks of interriverine trails between the major resource areas of the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. Aspects of both the band-macroband model and Uwharrie-Allendale model apply to the Early Archaic record of the Sandhills, but with closer affinities to the latter.
Research into the earliest occupations in the southeastern United States has been underway since the 1930s, when a pattern of large-scale excavations combined with the reporting of surface finds was initiated that continues to this day. Work at Macon Plateau and Parrish Village, excavated during the New Deal, was followed by a series of stratigraphic excavations in floodplains, rockshelters, and other locales from the 1940s onward. These early studies produced a basic cultural sequence, portions of which were defined by crossdating findings from the Southeast with discoveries made in other parts of the country. The Southeast is unique in that surveys of fluted projectile points have been conducted in every state, some since the 1940s. These surveys now encompass a wider range of projectile points and other tool forms, and the large numbers of Paleoindian artifacts found in the region suggest intensive occupation. Whether these quantities reflect the presence of large numbers of early people, or of modern collectors and extensive agriculture, remains the subject of appreciable debate. The regional radiocarbon record is fairly robust for the latter end of the period, but far more sample collection, analysis, and interpretation is needed. The regional literature is burgeoning, with research being conducted in every state, much of it funded by CRM activity
Previous models predicting Early Archaic mobility and subsistence strategies in South Carolina have evaluated behavioral negotiations of specific resource distributions. A new model is presented using empirical datasets that quantify and evaluate the quality and geographic distributions of lithic raw materials and drainage systems in the state. By utilizing datasets from private collections and landscape elevation data, this model is generated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software in order to produce a "Risk Landscape" from which predictions of site density, artifact density, lithic raw material diversity, and the condition of lithic toolkit assemblages can be generated based on landscape location. This model is tested using geographically extensive private collections from site specific locations and demonstrate variability in archaeological assemblages based on proximity to resources.
The Southern Hardin in South Carolina
Arrowheads, projectile points, or, more generally, hafted bifaces, have long been the focus of archaeological investigations. They have captured the attention of many archaeological enthusiasts, amateur archaeologists, collectors, and professional archaeologists for decades. Much has been learned from this focused attention, such as chronologies, cultural settlement and mobility patterns, social interaction, trade and transmission of ideas, among many other things. Understanding formal typologies and the relationships between technological systems are at the very heart of archaeology, as it gives us a means by which to understand the human past. The Southern Hardin, a relatively unknown hafted biface type in the southeastern United States, is just one of many such artifacts found in South Carolina and the broader Southeast. Its presence and characteristics have been grossly under-evaluated, as its frequency in assemblages is very sparse to nonexistent. A sample of this type from South Carolina is evaluated here, and patterns of spatial distribution, raw material selection, morphology, and its technological relationship with other types are presented. This paper is intended to form an initial understanding of its presence in South Carolina and the Southeast, in order to more fully understand the spectrum of cultural development and change among Early Archaic hunter-gatherers.
Mockhorn Island Clovis Site: An Intertidal Locality from Coastal Virginia
The following chapter was published in the 2018 book entitled: In the Eastern Fluted Point Tradition: Volume II. The research presented in this chapter represents the analysis of an early Paleoindian lithic assemblage excavated and surface collected from 44NH233 between 2011 and 2012. The lithic analyses presented in this chapter are the result of the collective research conducted by Dr. Dennis Stanford, Dr. Pegi Jodry, and Mr. Mike Frank. The geoarchaeological, sea level, and soils analyses at this intertidal locality were conducted by Dr. John Wah and myself. In sum, the assemblage from this archaeological site suggests that early Paleoindians living in the region may have been constructing birch-bark canoes in the uplands adjacent to the primordial or developing Chesapeake Bay.