Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Possible Inflammatory Responses in the Traditional Application of Raw Liquid Extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Leaf (Iyana Ipaja-Chaya) In the Treatment of Anaemia (original) (raw)
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Background: The folkloric claim that Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Chaya) could ameliorate anaemia requires scientific revalidation in anaemic models. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the antianaemic effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on cyclophosphamide-induced anaemia in rats. Methods: The leaves of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius were collected, dried and extracted with ethanol. Twenty five Wistar Albino rats weighing 120-180 kg were used. Anaemia was induced in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 with a single injection of cyclophosphamide, while group 1 served as a negative control without anemia and was treated with 0.5 mL of normal saline, Group 2 rats were treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. Group 3 rats were treated with 500 mg/kg body weight of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. Group 4 served as the positive control rats and was treated with 0.5 mL of normal saline. Group 5 which served as the standard control rats and were treated with 5 mg/kg body weight of standard drug Chemiron. The treated lasted for two weeks during which blood samples were collected from each rat for haematological analysis. Results: The result shows that hematological parameters were elevated in groups 2, 3 and 5 rats treated with 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and chemiron respectively. Conclusions: Ethanol leaf extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius at a graded dose of 500 mg/kg body weight had higher ameliorative effect on the haematological parameters of cyclophosphamide-induced anemia in rats.
Effects of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on Some Hematological Parameters of Male Wistar Rats
2020
Introduction: Medicinal plants have become increasingly useful as a form of alternative therapy. Cnidoscolus aconitifolius is a medicinal plant applied in folklore remedies in the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the effects of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on some hematological parameters of male Wistar rats. Methodology: A total of 15 male Wistar rats weighing between 100-250 g were randomly placed in groups. Group 1 served as control and received distilled water only; group 2 received 200 mg/kg and group 3 received 400 mg/kg of the hydromethanolic leaf extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius. Extract was administered once daily using oro-gastric cannula for 30 days. Blood samples were collected by direct cardiac puncture into appropriate sample tubes for estimation of hematological parameters including red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, white blood cell count (WBC) and platelet count....
Journal of Investigational Biochemistry, 2014
Objective: Recent research on medicinal plants indicates that some plant extract are not only beneficial in the treatment of ailments, but could also be toxic. Aqueous extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves is consumed for various reasons in traditional medicine. This study considers possible toxicological effects of aqueous leaf extract of C. aconitifolius using biochemical and histological indices of liver and kidney function as well as hematological indices in rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, phytochemical screening of C. aconitifolius leaves was carried out. Sub-acute toxicity tests were done using 20 male albino rats (4-6 weeks old; body weight, 132.20 ± 48.10 g). They were grouped into four groups of five rats each and fed pelletized Grower's mash incorporated 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract for 28 days. The control group received pelletized Grower's mash and water only. At the end of the feeding period, blood was collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical and hematological examinations. The liver and kidneys were also collected for histological studies and relative organ weights. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the plant leaves showed mean concentrations (%) of tannins, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and steroids at 0.14, 4.04, 0.003, 4.72, 0.19, 2.36, and 0.27, respectively. Incorporation of the aqueous extract into the diets of rats at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight for 28 days resulted in nonsignificant (P > 0.05) effects on the relative organ weights, total protein, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, total and conjugated bilirubin, creatinine, platelet, red blood cell, white blood cell, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils concentrations. However, blood monocyte concentrations were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in rats administered 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of extract. Histopathological studies showed that organs of the treated animals studied were not damaged. Conclusion: The results suggested that the aqueous leaf extract of C. aconitifolius had low toxicity at the concentrations investigated.
ACTA CHEMICA IASI, 2020
Effect of aqueous extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on lipid profile and haematology of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) treated rats were investigated using standard analytical methods. Forty two adult male Wistar rats (91-185 g) were housed in plastic cages of seven groups with six animals each. Group I received normal rat feed (control). CCl 4 (prepared 1:5 (v:v) in olive oil) was administered subcutaneously to groups II-VI on day twenty-one. In addition, vitamin C was administered orally to group III on daily basis for twenty-one days; groups IV, V and VI took 50 mg/KgBW, 75 mg/KgBW and 100 mg/KgBW extract dose orally for twenty-one day while olive oil was administered to group VII. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract revealed a highest saponin content (7.84 0.09%) while tannin levels was slightly decreased (1.01 0.20%). Hydrogen cyanide was absent in all investigated samples. In comparison to group II and I, administration of the extract dose (50 mg/KgBW, 75 mg/KgBW and 100 mg/KgBW) dependently lowered total cholesterol, triglycerides, plasma LDL, VLDL, non-HDL and atherogenic indices but increased plasma HDL cholesterol levels of treated rats. There was no significant difference in the WBC and lymphocytes concentrations between untreated and treated rats with the leaf extract of C. aconitifolius. The 50 mg/KgBW and 75 mg/KgBW extract doses provided better results than 100 mg/KgBW. The result of this study expressed positive effect on the lipid profile and haematological parameters by using Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride treated rats.
Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Introduction: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius is considered to be an important and effective medicinal plant in folklore remedies where it has been applied as an alternative therapy for the treatment of various ailments. Aim: The present study aims to determine the effects of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on lipid profile and some oxidative stress markers of male Wistar rats. Methodology: A total of 15 male wistar rats were procured for the study and randomly assigned into three groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as control and received distilled water only. Group 2 received 200 mg/kg and group 3 received 400mg/kg of the hydromethanolic (1:4) extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius which was administered as single daily dose using oral cannula. On completion of treatment, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for determination of some serum lipid parameters and oxidative stress markers. Results: Results showed that there were no significant difference in the serum level of total ch...
Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2019
According to Tiwari, Pandey, Abidi, and Rizvi (2013), accumulation of oxidative stress in an individual may trigger a series of diseases, especially type II diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia. Persistent hyperglycemia causes an abnormal increase in reactive oxygen species, which encourage discrepancy in the antioxidant system of people with diabetes mellitus. This is implicated in the progression of type II diabetes mellitus, leading to diabetes mellitus complications (Constantino et al., 2013). Currently, all the available type II diabetes mellitus drugs are connected with hypoglycemia, vomiting, headache, and cardiovascular complications among others as reported by Sanni et al. (2019). Therefore, there is a necessity to search for another therapy with no or limited side effects. In lieu of this, Ojo, Ajiboye, Olayide, Fadaka, and Olasehinde (2016) documented the use of medicinal plant as substitute therapy with an insignificant side effect. One such plant is Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, a family of Euphorbiaceae, known as Chaya in most communities. In Nigeria, this plant is consumed either as vegetable soups or salads (Ajiboye, Ojo, Okesola, Oyinloye, & Kappo,
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST)
Plants extract as immunomodulatory is substance which can stimulates or suppresses the component of immune system including white blood count and differential leucocytes count. The modulation of immune system by various plants extract has become subject for scientific investigation currently worldwide. Some of these plants have been claimed to increase immune system by increasing the total white blood count and differential leucocytes count are Achyranthes aspera Linn, Cermai Leaves (Phyllanthus acidus (L.)) Skeels, Moringa oleivera and Poguntano herb (Picriafel-terraeLour).. Plants extract were recommended for us as immunomodulatory because there are several botanical products with potential therapeutic applications such as high efficacy, low cost and low toxicity.
The impact of methanolic root extract of Cnestis ferruginea on blood and some biochemical profiles was studied in male albino rats. Rats were treated with daily oral administration of the extract (500 mg kg-1 bw) and its pure fractions for 5, 30 and 60 days. Haematological indices and plasma concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were not adversely affected by the extract after 5 days of treatment. However, there were significant reductions (P < 0.05) in red blood cell (RBC) and packed cell volume (PCV) after 60 days of treatment with C. ferruginea. Haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were not affected while mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were increased (P < 0.01) after 60 days of treatment. Lymphocyte count was higher after 30 days of treatment while the white blood cell counts were not affected by prolonged treatment with the extract and its pure fractions. Plasma levels of ALT increased (P < 0.01) while those of AST was not affected after 60 days of treatment. There was a significant restoration of these parameters after withdrawal from treatments. The results suggest that prolonged administration of crude root extract of C. ferruginea may induce anaemia.
Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, 2020
Objective: The current study investigated the mechanism(s) of action of the antisickling property of Cnidiscolus aconitifolius ethanol extract and determined its histopathological effects on the liver, kidney and spleen of Wistar rats. Methods: The antisickling properties of C. aconitifolius (CA) ethanol extract was tested at different concentrations, using the inhibitory and reversal models. Its effect on the density and mean cell volume of Hb S red blood cells was evaluated using the discontinuous density gradient assay. Ciklavit ® , an antisickling nutritional supplement was employed as positive while phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.0) was the negative control. Changes in percentage Red Cell Count (RBC) and Mean Cell Volume (MCV) in each density fraction were determined. Quantification of extracellular potassium leakage of RBC before and after incubation with CA extract was also conducted. CA was evaluated for its acute toxicity (LD 50) while sub-acute toxicity was evaluated by oral administration to Wistar rats for 28 days at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Rats were anaesthetized on the 29 th day and blood collected through cardiac puncture for hematological analysis. The liver, kidney and spleen of the rats were harvested for histopathological examinations. Results: The results showed that the percentage of dense cells in blood treated with CA was reduced significantly (p<0.05) compared to positive control. CA increased MCV of cells and inhibited basal potassium efflux with a rightward shift in the dose-response curve. The median lethal dose (LD 50) of CA was 3808 mg/kg; neither mortality nor structural or histological alterations were observed in the liver, kidney and spleen at the administered dose. The extract of CA enhanced erythropoiesis. Conclusion: C. aconitifolius extract prevented potassium efflux and reduced red cell density in vitro. The CA crude extract was safe for consumption and increased the production of red blood cells in vivo.