Organoleptic, Physico-chemical and Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Orumba South Local Government Area, Anambara State, Nigeria (original) (raw)

Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Borehole Water Samples in Owerri North - West Local Government Area, Imo State, Nigeria

Assessment of the quality of borehole water samples from Federal Housing Estate and Sites and Services areas of Owerri North, Imo State, Nigeria was conducted to determine the suitability of these borehole water samples for human consumption. six samples of borehole water obtained from six different families living in these areas were analyzed for microbial, chemical and physicochemical parameters using standard analytical methods of Association of official Analytical chemists (AOAC). The result of microbial analysis revealed that all the water samples from Chuk’sresidence,Ebe’s residence, Uwuru’s residence,Okre’s residence, Agbu’s residence and Ngwe’s residence referred to as samples D, E, F, G, H, and M respectively had total coliform count of 64.0cfu/100ml, 5.0cfu/100ml, 41.0cfu/100ml, 16.0cfu/100ml, 124.0cfu/100ml and 0.0cfu/100ml respectively. This showed that sample D, F, G, and H exceeded the standard of 10 coliform counts/100ml. The entire samples resulted at 0 counts for Escherichia coli. Samples D, F, G and M tested negative for pseudomonas test, whereas samples E and H did not. The chemical analysis showed that all the samples did not meet up with the recommended standard of pH (6.5-8.5) by World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) and National Agency for Drug and Administration Control (NAFDAC).However, there was significant difference (p<0.5) between samples D and E. Samples F, G, J and M were not significantly different (p>0.5)from one another. Sample M was the least significant while sample D was the most significant at pH 4.6 and 6.4 respectively meaning that it is safe for consumption. The temperatures were not significantly different and did not exceed standard limit of 370C. The total dissolved solid also did not exceed the limit of 500ppm as recommended by World Health Organization /United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (WHO/UNICEF) and the conductivity limit was not exceeded. All the samples did not exceed limits for zinc, copper, lead, magnesium, cadmium and iron which are 3mg/l, 1mg/l, 0.01mg/l, 0.02mg/l, 0.03mg/l and 0.3mg/l respectively except for calcium, where samples D, E, G and H were beyond standard of 0.4mg/l. All the samples were significantly different for each parameter except for lead of which the entire sample were all the same. The depth of Sample G borehole was according to the regulatory standard of 150 ft., and from the analysis the entire parameters were within standard except for pH.The study concludes that increase in population in Federal Housing Area and Sites and Services Area in Owerri coupled with the rise in human activity pose a great pressure on provision of safe drinking water.

Water Quality Assessment of Some Selected Hand Dug Wells and a Borehole in North Eastern Parts of Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria

Water samples were taken from six hand dug wells and a borehole for physico-chemical and microbial analysis to ascertain its quality, type and suitability for domestic, livestock and irrigation purposes. The ranges of results of the physico-chemical parameters are: temperature (28-31.5)oC, Conductivity (170-650)µs/cm, turbidity (1.0-90.8)NTU, and pH(7.0-8.5). Other chemical parameters include: cations -Ca2+(25.6 -72.0)mg/l , Na+(23.1 -75.87)mg/l, K+(0.14 -78.3)mg/l, Mg2+(1.46 -20.75)mg/l, Fe2+(0.0 -1.1)mg/l, Cu2+(0.0 -0.49)mg/l, Zn2+(0.00 -1.74)mg/l, Pb2+(0.00 -0.001)mg/l, Cr6+(0.00 -0.02)mg/l and anions -HCO3-(54.0 -140.0)mg/l, Cl-(32.5 -114.96)mg/l, F-(0.23 -0.77)mg/l, CO32-(32.4 -84.0)mg/l, SO42-(10.31 -121.0)mg/l, NO3-(1.08 -75.7)mg/l, NO2-(0.013 -0.69)mg/l. Data values analyzed from the results obtained indicate the water to be Ca-HCO3, K-HCO3, Mg-HCO3 and Na-Cl water type containing high concentrations of some major, minor and trace cations and anions which fall above the maximum permissible limits of the National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) of Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS), 2007.

Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Quality of Water From Boreholes in Otuoke Community, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2018

The concern over exposure to drinking water contaminated and the resultant adverse effect on human health has prompted several studies evaluating the quality of drinking water sources. This study was carried out to determine the bacteriological and Physico-chemical qualities of commercial borehole water within Otuoke community in Bayelsa state Nigeria. Ten (10) water samples were collected from the various locations designated as (A-J). The Physico-chemical parameters were determined by using the photometric technique through the Colour Q photometer and the bacteriological analysis was determined by using aerobic plate method. The Physico-chemical parameters of the water samples analysed were within the acceptable limit of WHO standard of drinking water quality except for Bromine and cyanuric acid which ranged from 1.6±0.1 to 2.7±0.1 and 2±1 to 9±1 respectively. The Result of total bacteria count obtained from the borehole water samples ranged from 1.1 x 10cfu/ml to 6.9 x 10cfu/ml a...

Assessment of groundwater quality: Physicochemical and bacteriological evidence from boreholes in Sangayan Diriya village, northeast Nigeria

Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology

The poor geology of Sangayan Diriya village has barred residents from getting access to water from the groundwater in their homes from time immemorial. This study was aimed at assessing the quality of boreholes sunk in close proximity to River Diriya wherein eight water samples were aseptically collected from the two available boreholes; borehole A (BA1, BA2, BA3 and BA4) and borehole B (BB1, BB2, BB3 and BB4). Standard procedures were employed for determining physicochemical properties, while pour plate method and most probable number (MPN) were used to estimate total viable bacterial counts and coliform count in the water collected, respectively. Results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) permissible standards. Results indicated pH, temperature, total hardness, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), sulphate, nitrate, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium and nitrate conformed to regulated standards, bu...

Assessment of Water Quality of Borehole Water in Albasu Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria

2017

It was estimated that the need of water increases globally due to constant increase in population. Water samples Water samples collected from boreholes located in six wards in Albasu town were assessed for some physio-chemical parameters on collection and after one week of storage using standard analytical methods. Furthermore the quality indices were determined for the water samples on collection and after one day of storage. The parameters determined include temperature, turbidity, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, conductivity, pH, nitrate-nitrogen, phosphates, chlorides, alkalinity and E-coli bacteria. After comparing the result obtained with WHO (2011) standards for portable water, it was confirmed it within the standard. It was concluded that the water is safe for drinking.

Analysis of Ground Water Quality and Health of Residents in Eket Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State, Nigeria

IOSR Journals , 2019

The study examined the physio-chemical and bacteriological quality of ground water in 37 randomly sampled communities in Eket Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State, Nigeria. The water samples were collected from private boreholes at different locations in the communities andanalysed for total viable plate count, total coliform count, faecalcoliform bacteria and physio-chemical properties with a view to assessing its impact on Residents Health. The result of physio-chemical analysis showed high variability in water colour, large homogeneity in temperature and a pH tilted towards acidity. The presence of high volume of bacteria content (specifically coliform count and E.coli which are the major causes of water-borne disease) revealed the poor quality of borehole water and the attendant negative impact on Residents Health Status. It is believed that borehole water quality and population Health by extension could be improved by ensuring appropriate location of borehole (at least 25m) away from potential pollutant, regular treatment of borehole water and proper chanelling of sewage.

Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality Borehole water from Borikiri area of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Background: Water quality and the risk to waterborne diseases are critical public health concerns in many developing countries. Today, close to a billion people most living in the developing world do not have access to safe and adequate water supply. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking water sources and water handling practices at household level among rural communities in Bona District of Sidama Zone. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the bacteriological and physicochemical qualities of drinking water at source and to assess water handling practice of households. Data were collected using WHO's sanitary survey checklist and rapid water testing kit to assess bacteriological and physicochemical parameters of water source and questionnaire to assess water handling practice of randomly selected 604 households. Results: Majority (86 %) of the protected springs and wells in the study area did not fulfill the WHO's criteria for drinking water quality standards. Water schemes with high sanitary risk scores had high number of E. coli/100 ml of sample water. Majority (73.5%) of the respondents didn't treat their water at household level, 64.4% of the respondents washed their hands before collecting water, 77.5% of the respondents washed their water container regularly and 74.7% had covered for their water collection container. Respondents who can read and write and those who completed at least a secondary education were more likely to safely handle water at home compared to illiterates, AOR=3.0 (95%CI: 1.5,6.04) and AOR=8.5 (95% CI:1.1,65.7), respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that protected water sources used by the community in Bona District were subject to contamination and household water handling practices were poor. It is recommended that concerned bodies, such as NGO's working in WASH projects, Bona district Water and Health Offices need to take appropriate action.

Bacteriological and Physico-Chemical Status of Borehole Water in Abia and Anambra States, Nigeria

As part of the efforts to evaluate the quality of public water supplies in Nigeria, borehole water samples were collected from Anambra, and Abia Statesof Nigeriato ascertain their bacteriological and physico-chemical potability. Membrane filtration technique (MFT) was used for bacterial counts on glucose tryptone agar for heterotrophic counts, Tergitol for total and faecal coliform loads. Physico-chemical parameters were determined by HACH's APHA and AAS techniques. For total heterotrophic and total coliform,samples from Onitsha, Anambra State differed significantly from Abia State. There was no significant variation in their faecal coliform count.Abia Staterecorded the highest number (74.1%) prevalence of the isolateswhile Anambra State had (59.3%). With few exceptions, all samples showed no evidence of undesirable physico-chemical characteristics. Turbidity for Umuahia and Aba significantly varied from those of Onitsha in Anambra State. Chlorine and chloride of the study areas did not differ significantly. Their DO mean values have no significant variation. This research revealed that borehole water supplies in SouthEastern Nigeria have higher physicochemical quality than bacteriological. Consequently, public water supplies from this source should be adequately treated and stored. This calls for regular monitoring through research.

Quality Assessment of Some Groundwater Samples in Ogbomoso Metropolis, Southwest Nigeria

This study examines the physico-chemical and microbiological attributes of water samples obtained from ten boreholes that were sampled twice a month for a period of five months. The physico-chemical attributes revealed that the ammonia, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, fluoride, chloride contents, conductivity and total dissolved solids were below the permissible levels. However, total alkalinity and total hardness values of some water samples were higher than the permissible levels, while all the water samples had BOD and COD values that were higher than the permissible levels. The pH of water samples ranged from 5.8-6.9, showing that only two samples fell within the permissible levels. Similarly, the temperature ranged from 31.5-35.4 o C, with only two samples having values that fell within the permissible levels. The microbial quality of the water samples indicates extensive microbial contamination involving heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms, yeasts/molds, staphylococci, and Shigella. However, Salmonella was not isolated in this study. Bacterial isolates such as Proteus, Escherichia, Shigella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella with multiple-drug resistance ranging from 2-8 were encountered. The safety of the borehole water can be enhanced through regular cleaning, disinfection of storage tanks and further treatment by end-users to ensure the potability of water. This study provides baseline data with regard to the quality of underground water within Ogbomoso metropolis, Nigeria.

Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Ground Water at Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic Bauchi, Nigeria

European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 2014

Ground water is an important source of water for domestic use especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Water is said to be safe for drinking when it is free of pathogens, poisonous substances and excessive amount of mineral and organic matter. This research is aimed at assessing the ground water quality at Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi with a view to determining it suitability for domestic utilization. Water samples were collected from the two hand dug wells and two boreholes that were available within the institution in the dry season of 2012. From each of the water sources, five replicate samples were collected for the analysis. Temperature, pH and Conductivity, were directly measured using pH, Temperature and conductivity meters respectively. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) calculated from the conductivity values obtained. Turbidity determined with a HACH 2100 P Turbidity meter. Nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, phosphate and fluoride, chloride, contents were calorimetrically analyzed using DR890 Colorimeter. Calcium was determined by EDTA titration, while Total Alkalinity was determined by strong acid titration method. Trace elements-Total iron, Copper, Fluoride, Zinc, Lead, Chromium and Arsenic were determined using Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after extraction with Aqua-regia. Total and faecal coliforms were determined by Membrane Filtration method using M-Endo-Agar Les (Difco) at 37 o C and on MFC Agar at 44 o C, respectively. Results of physico-chemical analysis indicated that mean values of Turbidity (6NTU), Total Hardness (195mg/L) and Fluoride 1.59mg/L in water obtained from hand dug wells have exceeded the threshold limits recommended by regulatory authorities. The bacteriological analysis also revealed that all the two ground water sources contained high Total and Feacal Coliform counts and therefore not suitable for drinking. It is recommended among others that proper disinfection should