A bis-boronic acid modified electrode for the sensitive and selective determination of glucose concentrations (original) (raw)
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The usage of a bismuth film electrode as transducer in glucose biosensing
Microchimica Acta, 2007
A second generation glucose biosensor was developed by using neutral red (NR) as a mediator and a bismuth film electrode (BiFE) as a transducer along with immobilized glucose oxidase. The linear range was between 0.2 and 2.5 mM, and a correlation coefficient of 0.999 was obtained with this electrode. The standard deviation (at 1 mM glucose for n ¼ 4) and the coefficient of variation were calculated as AE8.07 mM and 3.4%, respectively. The biosensor was used for the determination of glucose in wine samples.
Reactive and Functional Polymers, 2008
Copolymerization of N-acryloyl-m-aminophenylboronic acid (NAAPBA) with acrylamide (AAm) on the surface of glass plates resulted in the formation of a hydrogel film with porous structure and capable of optical response to the changes in concentration of glucose in the contacting solution. The boronate specific dye, Alizarin Red S (ARS) was incorporated into hydrogel film to increase the sensitivity towards glucose and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was incorporated to prevent the dye leakage. The obtained boronate-containing polymer film responded to submicromolar concentration of glucose with optical density changes being a linear function of glucose concentration in the range from 0.1 to 1 mM. The PVP-ARS-containing gel exhibited a 10-fold higher glucose sensitivity compared with the colorless NAAPBA-AAm gel. The equilibrium dissociation constants of soluble ARS-PVP and ARS-NAAPBA-containing copolymer complexes at pH 7.3 were found to be 1.4 and 0.44 lM, respectively. The low dissociation constants enabled the preparation of the sensor with increased operational stability of at least two months allowing more than 20 assays of with no loss in the sensitivity or dye leakage.
Glucose-Sensing Electrode Coated with Polymer Complex Gel Containing Phenylboronic Acid
Analytical Chemistry, 1996
We have prepared a copolymer containing both phenylboronic acid and tertiary amine moieties. The copolymer forms a stable complex with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) since boronate moieties interact with PVA hydroxyl groups. The polymer-polymer complex changes its swelling degree with glucose concentration in Dulbecco's phosphatebuffered saline solution (PBS) at pH 7.4, due to the higher complex formation of boronic acid moieties with glucose hydroxyl groups over those in PVA. Glucose-responsive swelling changes of a membrane complex were then utilized to control glucose-responsive current changes with a membrane-coated platinum electrode. Glucose addition to PBS induces swelling of the cast gel membrane, leading to increased diffusion of ion species and thus increased measurable current changes. Since the addition of methyl r-D-glucoside has little influence on the current changes, the current change by the addition of glucose is indicative of the high selectivity of this system for glucose and its cis-hydroxyl groups in glucose. It is observed that current changes are proportional to glucose concentration in the range 0-300 mg/dL. This range corresponds well to physiological blood glucose levels. Current change rates determined from the slope of the time course immediately after glucose addition are also proportional to glucose concentration within this range, yielding even higher sensitivity to the change in glucose concentration. Reproducible signal output is also demonstrated by repetitive, stepwise glucose concentration changes. These results support the applicability of the platinum electrode coated with the gel membrane complex comprising a phenylboronic acid-containing polymer and PVA for a novel glucose-sensing device.
UV Cured Boronic Acid Based Fluorescence Sensor for the Determination of Glucose
The use of polymers is finding a significant place in development of sensors. Better selectivity and rapid measurements have been achieved by replacing classical sensor materials with functions of polymers. Several receptors have been employed to detect glucose in fluorescence sensors, and these include enzymes such as glucose oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase and hexokinase/glucokinase, bacterial glucose-binding protein, and boronic acid derivatives. Boronic acid has a important role in the design of glucose sensors. The sensing membrane was prepared with p-Vinylphenylboronicacid (VPBA), Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA). The membran is capable of determining glucose between 0.1 ppm and 0.7 ppm. It can be completely regenerated by using distilled water. The sensor performance characteristics such as response time, dynamic working range and sensitivity were reported. The optical sensor was stable, cost effective, easy to prepare, rapid and si...
Sensors
A highly sensitive glucose sensor was prepared by a one-step method using 3-aminophenyl boronic acid as a unit of recognition and a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) as an electrochemical transducer. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed the success of the functionalization of the SPCE due to the presence of clusters of boronic acid distributed on the carbon surface. In agreement with the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) tests performed before and after the functionalization, Cyclic Voltammetry results indicated that the electroactivity of the electrode decreased 37.9% owing to the presence of the poly phenylboronic acid on the electrode surface. EIS revealed that the sensor was capable to selectively detect glucose at a broad range of concentrations (limit of detection of 8.53 × 10−9 M), not recognizing fructose and sucrose. The device presented a stable impedimetric response when immediately prepared but suffered the influence of the storage time and some interfe...
Electrochimica Acta, 2009
A glucose biosensor, which was based on self-assembled Prussian Blue (PB) modified electrode with glucose oxidase (GOD) immobilized in cross-linked glutaraldehyde matrix, was developed. Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy shows that the immobilized GOD retains its native conformation. Cyclic voltammetry was used to examine the electrocatalytic property of the enzyme electrode. The prepared glucose biosensor exhibits fast response (<4 s) and low detection limit of 5 × 10 −6 M. The calculated apparent Michaelis constant K M was 6.3 ± 1.2 mM, indicating a high affinity between the GOD and glucose. The effects of glutaraldehyde concentration and GOD loading on the sensitivity of the glucose biosensor have also been investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the biosensor shows a high sensitivity of about 80 mA M −1 cm −2 in a concentration range up to 1 × 10 −3 M. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for intra-electrode and inter-electrode were 4% and 5%, respectively. In addition, the anti-interferent ability and stability of the biosensor were also discussed.
Preparation and application of a new glucose sensor based on iodide ion selective electrode
2005
An electrode for glucose has been prepared by using an iodide selective electrode with the glucose oxidase enzyme. The iodide selective electrode used was prepared from 10% TDMAI and PVC according our previous study. The enzyme was immobilized on the iodide electrode by holding it at pH 7 phosphate buffer for 10 min at room temperature. The H 2 O 2 formed from the reaction of glucose was determined from the decrease of iodide concentration that was present in the reaction cell. The iodide concentration was followed from the change of potential of iodide selective electrode. The potential change was linear in the 4 × 10 −4 to 4 × 10 −3 M glucose concentration (75-650 mg glucose/100ml blood) range. The slope of the linear portion was about 79 mV per decade change in glucose concentration. Glucose contents of some blood samples were determined with the new electrode and consistency was obtained with a colorimetric method. The effects of pH, iodide concentration, the amount of enzyme immobilized and the operating temperature were studied. No interference of ascorbic acid, uric acid, iron(III) and Cu(II) was observed. Since the iodide electrode used was not an AgI-Ag 2 S electrode, there was no interference of common ions such as chloride present in biological fluids. The slope of the electrode did not change for about 65 days when used 3 times a day.
Bioelectrochemistry, 2010
Nano-structured bismuth oxide (nano-BiO x ) is a suitable material for enzyme immobilization owing to its attractive properties, such as large specific surface area, suitable permeability of the resulting film, the high biocompatibility, and as well as photovoltaic effect from semiconductor nanoparticles. Thus, a new type of amperometric glucose biosensor based on nano-BiO x was constructed. The amperometric detection of glucose was assayed by potentiostating the GOD/nano-BiO x electrode at 0.5 V to oxidize the enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide. The proposed biosensor provided a linear response to glucose over a concentration range of 1 × 10 − 6 M to 1.5 × 10 − 3 M with a sensitivity of 51.0 ± 0.4 mA/(M cm 2 ) and a detection limit of 4 × 10 − 7 M based on S/N = 3. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant was calculated to be 2.9 × 10 − 3 M. In addition, characterization of nano-BiO x and modified electrode was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and rotating-disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry.
Bioelectrochemistry, 2006
A method is developed for quantitative determination of glucose using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The method is based on immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) on the topside of gold mercaptopropionic acid self-assembled monolayers (Au-MPA-GOx SAMs) electrode and mediation of electron transfer by parabenzoquinone (PBQ). The PBQ is reduced to hydroquinone (H 2 Q), which in turn is oxidized at Au electrode in diffusion layer. An increase in the glucose concentration results in an increase in the diffusion current density of the H 2 Q oxidation, which corresponds to a decrease in the faradaic charge transfer resistance (R ct) obtained from the EIS measurements. Glucose is quantified from linear variation of the sensor response (1/R ct) as a function of glucose concentration in solution. The method is straightforward and nondestructive. The dynamic range for determination of glucose is extended to more than two orders of magnitude. A detection limit of 15.6 μM with a sensitivity of 9.66 × 10 − 7 Ω − 1 mM − 1 is obtained.
Electroanalysis, 2013
An amperometric biosensor for determining glucose based on deflavination of the enzyme glucose oxidase and subsequent reconstitution of the apo-protein with a complexed flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) monolayer is described. The GOx-reconstituted electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activities towards the reduction and oxidation of hydrogen peroxide as well. The prepared biosensor showed an excellent performance for glucose at + 0.5 V with a high sensitivity (5.94 mA/mM) and relatively good response time (~12 s) in a wide concentration range of 1-17 mM (correlation coefficient of 0.9998). The applicability to blood analysis was also evaluated.