Assessing the Energy Values of Sewage Sludge from Pagla Sewage Treatment Plant (original) (raw)

Opportunities regarding the use of technologies of energy recovery from sewage sludge

2021

Based on the global need to efficiently eliminate highly produced amounts of sewage sludge, alternative technologies are required to be practically developed. Reduction of sewage sludge waste quantities with energy recovery is the most important and modern practice, with least possible impact on the environment. Appropriate technologies for treating and disposal sewage sludge are currently considered: incineration, gasification and pyrolysis. The main products generated during the pyrolysis process are bio-gas, bio-oil and bio-residue, providing sustainable fuels/ biofuels and adsorbents. Compared to other disposal methods of sewage sludge, pyrolysis has advantages in terms of the environment: waste in small quantities, low emissions, low level of heavy metals. From a technological point of view, pyrolysis is the most efficient in relation to its final products, pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and solid residue that can be transformed into CO2 adsorbent with the help of chemical and th...

ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM THE SLUDGE OF A SEWAGE TREATMENT STATION (Atena Editora)

ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM THE SLUDGE OF A SEWAGE TREATMENT STATION (Atena Editora), 2022

The world population grows exponentially, and Brazil is no different. Thus, we increasingly need natural resources; and, as a consequence, there is an increase in waste production. Brazil, a few years ago, developed its National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) through Law No. 12,305/10, where, regardless of its origin, solid waste must be disposed of properly, minimizing possible environmental damage; while CONAMA Resolution 375/06 already defined the proper disposal of sewage sludge to protect the environment and the health of the population. However, some of these residues have a significant energy value in their reuse, as is the case of urban sewage sludge. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the production of biogas energy from the sludge of a Sewage Treatment Station (ETE). Therefore, the collection and characterization of the sludge from the ETE was carried out by measuring pH, electrical conductivity, determination of total solids, fixed and volatile, determination of chemical and biochemical oxygen demand. The anaerobic digestion process with control of pH, temperature, pressure and mechanical agitation was carried out for 25 days, with an expressive generation of biogas being observed. Therefore, this residue, as biomass for energy production, proved to be an alternative with considerable energy potential, in addition to being an option for the proper disposal of solid waste and environmentally sustainable.

An Evaluation of Sludge-to-Energy Recovery Methods

2018

Due to rapidly population growth, the increasing volume of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment facilities is becoming a prominent concern globally. The disposal of this sludge is particularly challenging due to the high content of organic, toxic and heavy metal pollutants in its constituents which poses severe environmental hazard. The use of this waste as a valuable energy resource represents an innovative stride in the achievement of a circular low carbon economy. However, the deterring properties of sewage sludge as a fuel is its high moisture and ash content which differentiates it from other solid fuels and complicates its thermal conversion. This study presents a simple analysis of four sewage to energy recovery routes (anaerobic digestion, combustion, pyrolysis and gasification) with emphasis on recent developments in research, benefits and limitations of the technology and future research considerations to ensure cost and environmentally viable sewage to energy pathway. ...

Energy conversion from wastewater sewage sludge

Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020

Natural rubber-based industries in Southern Thailand are generating concentrated latex sewage sludge (CLS), which is commonly managed by landfilling practice that is causing serious environmental hazards. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to produce pellets using CLS and para-wood sawdust as a potential biomass source for energy generation. The process started with dewatering the CLS through a decanter centrifuge. Then a flat die pellet mill was applied for copelletization. Finally, the pellets were investigated to evaluate the higher heating value and toxic heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Cd, and Pb) using proximate-ultimate analysis, fourier transform infrared analysis, scanning electron microscopy, calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectrometer, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of the parawood sawdust resulted in higher heating value and lower ash content of 3,620 ± 12 kcal/kg and 4.93 ± 0.98%, respectively. Besides, it has increased the carbon content of the pellet from 28.23 to 46.26% highest among all the samples. Furthermore, the method developed in this study is not only environmentally friendly but also economically sound than the earlier management of CLS.

The Applicability of Co-Combustion of Coal with Sewage Sludge: A Review

2020

Co-combustion of coal with a secondary fuel, as for example, waste-biomass, including sewage sludge, isan option for its safe its elimination and a sustainable alternative for heat and power generation. Untreated sewage sludge has a negative impact on the environment and society due to its compositional and pathogenic factors. Co-combustion of coal and sewage sludge have advantages over some emissions parameters and improvement of thermal characteristics, but there are limiting factors for its large-scale use, especially regarding to the fuel feed which requiresinnovative methods to develop a product that combinesboth fuels. When it comes to environmental impact, the combined combustion of and coal with sewage sludge presents good opportunities for future research and technological applications to be explored. This review focuses on the combination of coal and sewage sludge, highlighting the possibilities and limitations of the co-combustion using them as fuel.

Sewage sludge energy recycling

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S = Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna. S

Development of wastewater treatment systems causes a systematic growth of the amount of sewage sludge. In 1999, about 350 000 Mg d.m. sludge was generated in Poland, and for the year 2010 this amount is predicted to be doubled. Agricultural application of sludges, in particular these coming from wastewater treatment plants in big cities, is very controversial because of a growing content of heavy metals, organic micropollutants and pathogens. The binding legal conditions cause that also sludge disposal will be limited in the nearest future. In this situation and increasing interest in thermal methods-sludge energy recycling is expected. In this paper, the most important technologies of drying and incineration of sewage sludge offered on the Polish market are discussed and compared from the point of view of ecological safety and economic and energy indices. Main operation parameters, advantages and disadvantages of these technologies are presented..

An experimental examination of energy production from domestic-based waste water treatment sludge

World Journal of Engineering, 2015

In Turkey, treatment sludge that obtained from domestic wastewater and water treatment plants causes storage and disposal problems. In the current situation, there are 69 domestic wastewater treatment plants in Turkey and this corresponds to approximately 13% of the population. Total 500 thousand tons of treatment sludge is released from these treatment plants, annually. In the case of all municipalities establish a wastewater treatment plant in Turkey, approximately, 4 million tons of treatment sludge is projected to release in a year. Additionally, 3.6 million tons of treatment sludge will be obtained from the manufacturing industry. In other words, approximately 7.6 ↔ 106 tons of treatment sludge potential exists in Turkey and in the same amount of the storage area (7.6 ↔106m3) is needed for the storage of this treatment sludge, perennially. In this study, energy production from wastewater treatment sludge through the anaerobic method has been investigated and compared to the aer...

Sewage Sludge Combustion – Experimental and Theoretical Analysis

Chemical and Process Engineering, 2013

Whereas the use of biofuels has attracted increasing attention, the aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of using sewage sludge as biofuel. Preparation of untreated and stabilised sludge with natural additives is described, as well as combusting method applied and experimental results of combusting are presented based on the assessment of composition of emitted pollutants and their concentrations in the exhaust gas. NOx formation in the exhaust gas has been analysed in depth. The results of investigations have shown that the use of dried sewage sludge possesses a positive energy balance. Therefore, the sludge may be used as fuel. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that during combustion, pollutant concentrations vary depending on oxygen content (O2), while formation of nitrogen oxides is strongly influenced by fuel-bound nitrogen. Also, a generalized equation of calculating fuel bound nitrogen conversion into NOx is presented.

Recovery of energy from sludge – comparison of the various options

Water Science and Technology, 2004

This paper gives a general discussion of existing sludge treatment processes and of innovative treatment options, especially focused on the valuable use of organic carbon compounds as an energy source. Attention is paid both to high and to low temperature processes and to combinations of these processes. Based on an assessment and comparison the most beneficial and sustainable options are identified and a rough indication is given of the possibilities for improvement and future developments.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of digested sewage sludge incineration for heat and power production

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017

This paper presents a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of an existing digested sewage sludge incineration for heat and power production. Operations of an existing sewage sludge incineration plant based on a fluidized bed combustor (FBC) and a hypothetical cement kiln (CK) facility using sludge as a secondary fuel are described in detail as two different scenarios. The comparison of these two scenarios is performed based on 15 impact categories in the characterization stage. The results show that the sewage sludge incineration scenario based on FBC has a better environmental performance in the most of the impact categories including global warming, respiratory organic and inorganic, aquatic and terrestrial ecotoxicity, terrestrial acidification/nutrition, aquatic acidification, land occupation, and mineral extraction. In the human health category, the scores of the CK scenario precedes the scores of FBC scenario because the residual materials of the incineration in the cement kiln are immobilized with the produced clinkers whereas in the FBC system, they are landfilled. This study aims to show the environmental burdens of each option based on different impact categories in order to give a clear perspective to decision makers for drawing an environmentally friendly and sustainable sludge disposal policy.