Load Flow Assessment of the Nigeria 330-kV Power System (original) (raw)
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LOAD FLOW STUDIES ON NIGERIA 330KV NATIONAL GRID SYSTEM, USING
AARF, 2014
Reactive power and voltage control constitute part of the major challenges in power system industry. Compensation in power system is very essential to eradicate the problem of constant power failure and outage in Nigeria power system. In this paper, the Nigerian 330KV, 30-bus system network is considered. Newton-Raphson's solution method was employed to carry out the analysis because of its sparisty, fast convergence and simplicity attributes compared to other solution methods. Using the relevant data, MATLAB/SIMULINK software was used to carry out the simulation analysis and the results obtained showed that bus voltages outside the statutory limit of 0.95 ≤ Vi ≤ 1.
LOAD FLOW STUDIES ON NIGERIA 330KV NATIONAL GRID SYSTEM, USING NEWTON-RAPHSON’S METHOD
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING & IT, 2014
Reactive power and voltage control constitute part of the major challenges in power system industry. Compensation in power system is very essential to eradicate the problem of constant power failure and outage in Nigeria power system. In this paper, the Nigerian 330KV, 30-bus system network is considered. Newton-Raphson’s solution method was employed to carry out the analysis because of its sparisty, fast convergence and simplicity attributes compared to other solution methods. Using the relevant data, MATLAB/SIMULINK software was used to carry out the simulation analysis and the results obtained showed that bus voltages outside the statutory limit of 0.95 ≤ Vi ≤ 1.05 p.u are: bus 14 (Jos) with value of 0.9359 p.u, bus 17 (Gombe) 0.9175 p.u, bus 19 (Maiduguri) 0.9106 p.u, bus 22 (Kano) 0.8849 p.u, bus 28 (Berni -Kebbi) -0.734 p.u, bus 3 (Okpai) 1.090 p.u and bus 29 (Kaduna) 0.9880 p.u while bus 30 (Makurdi) gave the value 0.8247 p.u under normal uncompensated condition.
A Power Flow Analysis of the Nigerian 330 KV Electric Power System
Management of reactive power and voltage control constitute part of the major challenge in power system industry. Adequate reactive power control solves power quality problems like voltage profile maintenance at all power transmission levels, transmission efficiency and system stability. Power demand increases steadily while the expansion of power generation and transmission has been severely limited due to the inadequate resources and environmental forces. These give cause for concern as they contribute to the constant power failure in the Nigeria power system. In this work the Nigeria 330KV network, 30 bus system is considered. To alleviate/eradicate some of these problems mentioned, compensation in power system becomes very essential. Compensation reduces generating MVA and MVAR. The reduction in MVAR helps electrical companies to transmit more power and absorbing more customers without expanding their power networks. Newton-Raphson's solution method was used to carry out the analysis because of its sparsity, fast convergence and simplicity attribute as compared to other solution methods using the relevant data as obtained from power holding company of Nigeria (PHCN). MAT LAB/SIMULINK software was used to carry out the simulation analysis. The results obtained showed that the bus voltages outside the statutory limit of 0.95 – 1.05p.u that is 313.5 – 346.5KV were buses 14(Jos) with value 0.8171pu, bus 17(Gombe) 0.8144p.u bus 18(Abuja) 0.9402pu, bus 19(Maiduguri) 0.8268pu, bus 22(Kano) 0.7609pu, bus 29(Kaduna) 0.8738pu, and bus 30(Makurdi) 0.8247pu under normal uncompensated condition. Capacitive shunt compensation because of its advantages was implemented on these buses, and the results recorded appreciable values. Results obtained after compensation reveal acceptable voltage levels at the problem buses. For instance bus 14(Jos) come up to 0.9823p.u, bus 17(Gombe) 1.0242p.u, bus 18(Abuja) 0.9667p.u, bus 19(Maiduguri) 1.0455p.u, bus 22(Kano) which is heavily loaded was linked to Jos and a 60 percent compensation on Kano bus yielded an increase of 0.7609pu to 0.947p.u.
DETERMINATION OF BUS VOLTAGES, POWER LOSSES AND FLOWS IN THE NIGERIA 330KV INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM
This paper involves power flow analysis of the Nigeria 330KV integrated power system. The test system involves the integrated network consisting of 52 buses, 17 generating stations, 64 transmission lines and 4 control centers. Newton-Raphson (N-R) power flow algorithm was carried out on this network using the relevant data as obtained from power holding company of Nigeria [PHCN], in ETAP 4.0 Transient Analyzer Environment, to determine bus voltages, real and reactive power flows and losses of the transmission lines and generators. The results obtained showed that the bus voltages outside the statutory limit of (0.95pu, 313.5KV) to (1.05pu, 346.5KV) include: (Makurdi, 0.931pu), (Damaturu, 0.934pu), Gombe, 0.941pu), (Maiduguri, 0.943pu), (Yola, 0.921pu), (Jos, 0.937pu) and (Jalingo, 0.929pu). The total losses emanating from both generators and transmission lines are 2.331MW+j32.644MVar and 90.3MW+j53.300Mvar respectively, and 39% of the reactive power losses are from the generating stations but the real power losses are about 2.58%. The result concludes that Nigeria still have a very long way to go in order to have a sustainable, efficient and reliable power system which, both the integrated power projects (IPP) and the Nigeria integrated power projects (NIPP) cannot effectively guarantee. It is recommended that, the generators require reactive compensation while the transmission lines require both real and reactive power compensation using Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices for effective utilization.
The power system analysis and design is generally done by using Load flow studies. The essence of power flow analysis is to find the magnitude and phase angle of voltage at each bus and the real and reactive power flows in each transmission lines. Therefore, load flow analysis is an important tool involving numerical analysis applied to a power system. This analysis is being executed at the stage of planning, operation, control and economic scheduling. Load flow analysis is performed on a symmetrical steady state operating condition of a power system under normal operating condition. This information is essential for the continuous monitoring of the current state of the system and for analyzing the effectiveness of alternative plans for future system expansion to meet increased load demand. For power flow analysis, this research considered the 330KV of northern Nigeria transmission network with a view of estimating the real and reactive power flows, power losses in the entire network and phase angle using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT).
The power flow and contingency assessment of the existing 330kV Nigeria power grid was carried out using Newton-Raphson method in Matlab program with a view of ascertaining its capability to cope with the anticipated increase in generation to and above 10,000 MW come 2014. The simulation results of the 330kV grid indicate its reliability at a maximum allowable generation capacity of 5,522 MW without intolerable voltage and thermal violations. Violation limits employed are ±5% of base voltage 330kV (0.95 -1.05) p.u. and 760MVA for thermal limits. The results also revealed the critical nature and importance of some buses like Ikeja-West, Shiroro, Oshogbo, Benin and their corresponding lines to the performance of the existing national 330kV power grid
Determination of Bus Voltages, Power Losses and Flows in the Nigeria 330KV Integrated
This paper involves power flow analysis of the Nigeria 330KV integrated power system. The test system involves the integrated network consisting of 52 buses, 17 generating stations, 64 transmission lines and 4 control centers. Newton-Raphson (N-R) power flow algorithm was carried out on this network using the relevant data as obtained from power holding company of Nigeria [PHCN], in ETAP 4.0 Transient Analyzer Environment, to determine bus voltages, real and reactive power flows and losses of the transmission lines and generators. The results obtained showed that the bus voltages outside the statutory limit of (0.95pu, 313.5KV) to (1.05pu, 346.5KV) include: (Makurdi, 0.931pu), (Damaturu, 0.934pu), Gombe, 0.941pu), (Maiduguri, 0.943pu), (Yola, 0.921pu), (Jos, 0.937pu) and (Jalingo, 0.929pu). The total losses emanating from both generators and transmission lines are 2.331MW+j32.644MVar and 90.3MW+j53.300Mvar respectively, and 39% of the reactive power losses are from the generating stations but the real power losses are about 2.58%. The result concludes that Nigeria still have a very long way to go in order to have a sustainable, efficient and reliable power system which, both the integrated power projects (IPP) and the Nigeria integrated power projects (NIPP) cannot effectively guarantee. It is recommended that, the generators require reactive compensation while the transmission lines require both real and reactive power compensation using Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices for effective utilization.
In this paper an attempt has been made to investigate power flow in the northern Nigeria 330kV transmission sub -grid using PowerWorld software. The 13 -bus sub -grid was developed on base values of 100MVA and 330kV (transmission line) using data obtained from the National Control Center, Osogbo, Nigeria. The data is valid through 31st December, 2010. The power flow was run using Gauss -Siedel power flow algorithm and low voltage violations were found at buses 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13. To minimize these voltage violations, shunt capacitor compensators were placed at affected buses, resulting in a network with a minimum bus voltage of 0.95 p.u.. The voltage control also resulted in reduced reactive MVar demand on two of the three generators, with the slack bus experiencing a decrease of 60.27 MVar. The results also indicated that incorporation of compensators yielded a reduction in 8.76 MW and 96.51 MVar line power losses, justifying the study.
Power Flow Analysis of the Enhanced Proposed 330kV Transmission Network of the Nigeria Grid
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
The Nigeria’s power sector transmission infrastructure continues to be challenged as it still remains the weak link in the electricity supply chain. The Nigerian Federal Government on its Roadmap for power sector reform highlighted that to accommodate the planned increase in generation capacity, there was need for a 30% increase in the “true deliverable” transmission capacity of the country’s 330kV network. But the technical feasibility of this plan is an issue to be considered. In this work, the existing 330kV Nigeria transmission network was expanded by the introduction of new lines and power stations, simulation was carried out and the effect was analyzed using Newton-Raphson algorithm in ETAP 12.6. The base case operating condition as obtained from the power flow on which the various transfer cases were implemented, gives a fair generation and loading pattern of the Nigerian grid. The total installed generating capacity of the base case considered was 11,948MW out of which 4,347...
Load Flow investigation of a prototype Nigerian Northern 330 kV Grid
This article examined and presented load flow analysis of a prototype Nigerian Northern 330 kV grid as it is presently, utilizing raw data obtained from Transmission Company of Nigeria Abuja and Osogbo centers respectively. The network model was designed in Etap 12.6 power system analysis software and simulated using adaptive Newton-Raphson iterative method of load flow computation. The results obtained were presented in tables and chats and carefully analyzed to reveal its present condition and challenges and suggested improvement strategy.