Prevalence of canine parvoviral enteritis in pet dogs at Dhaka city of Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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A descriptive epidemiological study followed by a case-control study was conducted using a 5-year data set (January 2013-November 2018) at Teaching Veterinary Hospital (TVH), Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). Epidemiological data were collected and analyzed by STATA-IC-13 software to estimate the proportionate prevalence of parvoviral enteritis, determine associated risk factors, and describe drug prescription patterns. The proportionate prevalence of parvoviral enteritis was 5.8% (N=568). The proportionate prevalence of parvoviral enteritis was higher in 2016 (21.3%) and spring (February-March) (13.1%). The significant risk factors determined for parvoviral enteritis were winter (OR=4.8, 95% CI: 1.5-14.8), young age (OR=4.5, 95% CI: 2.0-9.9), local breeds (OR=3.7, 95% CI: 1.7-8.1), non-vaccination status (OR=3.5, 95% CI: 1.2-9.7) and male (OR=1.3, 95% CI: 0.5-2.8) (p≤0.05) Ceftriaxone (51.5%), Cholera saline (66.7%), Ondansetron (45.5%) and Ranitidine (46%) were mostly prescribed drugs for the supportive treatment of parvoviral enteritis. This study provides basic epidemiological aspects of canine parvoviral enteritis at TVH of CVASU, Bangladesh. However, modifying identified risk factors such as ensuring vaccination of young puppies, special care during spring, proper therapeutic management, and effective control measures can reduce the level of the occurrence of parvoviral enteritis in dogs.
Canine Parvoviral Enteritis and Its Determinants-An Epidemiological Analysis
Indian Journal of Animal Research, Volume 57 Issue 2: 225-230 (February 2023)
Background: Canine parvoviral enteritis (CPVE) is a highly contagious disease of dogs of less than two years age group characterized by vomiting, haemorrhagic foul smelling diarrhoea, high grade pyrexia, dehydration and followed by death. The disease is caused by Canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) and its variants, CPV-2a, 2b and 2c. Environmental and host determinants are playing an important role in the occurrence of CPVE in dogs. Limited numbers of research studies have been were conducted on the role of the determinants associated with the disease occurrence. Hence, the present study was aimed to assess the influence of host and environmental determinants associated with the incidence of CPVE in dogs. Methods: Retrospective data on the incidence of CPVE in Namakkal region, Tamil Nadu was collected (2017-2019) from Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC and RI), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu and had been subjected to temporal and spatial clustering and regression analysis. One hundred and twenty three faecal samples were collected from dogs with clinical signs of CPVE and subjected to PCR using H primer of CPV. Cross-sectional study was used to investigate the relationship between the disease and hypothesized causal factors. Relative risk, odds ratio were used to determine the causal association. Weather data was collected for the period from 2017-2019 from Animal Feed Analytical and Quality Control Laboratory (AFAQAL), VC and RI, Namakkal to assess the relationship of disease occurrence with the environmental determinants. Multiple linear regression model was developed for prediction of CPVE by correlation of environmental determinants with the occurrence of CPVE. Result: Temporal analysis revealed endemic pattern of CPVE started last week of April, peaks in June and ends in August and second peak was noticed at November month. Higher incidences (>70%) were noticed in males and less than 6 months age group dogs. Polymerase chain reaction for confirmation of CPV infection in dogs revealed the positivity of 70.73%. Analysis of risk factors associated with CPVE revealed that vaccination, roaming of dogs, maternal vaccination and early weaning having positive statistical association with the incidence of CPVE. Multiple linear regression model revealed that relative humidity is positively associated with the occurrence of CPVE in dogs. Vaccination of dogs against CPV and administration of boosters at regular intervals, weaning of dogs after 45 days of age are used as primary strategies for prevention of CPVE.
The Epidemiology of Canine Parvovirus Enteritis in Dogs of Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
World Vet. J, 2018
Since its emergence, canine parvovirus enteritis has remained the most significant and important cause of enteritis in puppies between six weeks and six months of age. The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective study in order to assess the effect of certain factors on the prevalence of the disease in diagnosed cases presented to the veterinary teaching hospital Annex, university of agriculture Makurdi from 2010 to 2016. The overall prevalence of the diagnosed cases of canine parvoviral enteritis has been at 5.7% for the past seven years. Age, sex, breed, vaccination status was showed to have been associated with the infection. Puppies of up to five months of age, males, breeds such as the Nigerian local breed, Alsatian, Caucasian, Rottweiler and Russian shepherd dogs and unvaccinated dogs are prone to this disease. Furthermore, this study revealed that early presentation and an aggressive support management of these cases had brought about a high recovery outcome of 85.4%. The distribution of the disease according to the season showed the highest incidence of cases occurred in 2012 (25.8%) and had descended down to (9%) by 2016 with most cases witnessed around January (22.5%) in dry season and June (15.7%) in wet season. The need for educating both veterinarians and dog owners about core vaccinations in dogs is paramount.
OALib, 2015
Canine parvovirus enteritis has remained a problem in dog population worldwide. In Nigeria, dog owners and researchers have grossly neglected the disease even though it has been a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality of dogs. This retrospective study provides current information on the status of canine parvovirus enteritis by collating and analyzing data from clinical records of hospitalized dogs from 2000 to 2013 in Effurun/Warri metropolitan region. In the study, the endemicity of this disease with an overall prevalence of 13.4% for the past 14 years has been demonstrated. The infection rates were significantly associated with age, sex, breed and vaccination status (P < 0.0001). Puppies from 0 to 5 months of age, male, breeds such as Alsatians, Mongrels, Rottweiler, indigenous dogs and unvaccinated dogs are at a higher risk. Furthermore, a seasonal pattern for the disease has been demonstrated with peak incidence recorded every 4-5 years with highest numbers of cases occurring in January (dry season) and July (wet season) of every year. Additionally, the study shows that a recovery rate of 84.3% was achieved following "aggressive'' therapeutic management. There is therefore a need to enlighten veterinarians and dog owners on the status and importance of vaccination against this disease.
THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 2017
A total of 145 faecal samples were collected from the dogs suspected for canine parvovirus (CPV) infection over a period of one year from April, 2016 to March, 2017. The faecal samples were screened by HA, Scan Vet Parvo kit and PCR. Out of 145 dog faecal samples screened, 63 samples were positive with an overall prevalence of 43.44 %. Breed wise analysis of data indicated higher prevalence in indigenous breeds (46.67%) than the exotic breeds (42.00%). CPV infection in relation to age was highest (54.05%) in 0-2 months and least (30.43%) in above 4-6 months old dogs. Sex wise analysis revealed the higher prevalence (48.15%) in female dogs than male (40.66%). Month wise prevalence of CPV infection was found highest (65.00%) in February and lowest (12.50%) in June. The prevalence of CPV infection was high (44.03%) in unvaccinated dogs than the vaccinated dogs (36.36%). The findings suggested need of adopting rigorous control and preventive measures against this disease particularly in...
RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CANINE PARVOVIRUS ENTERITIS IN VOM AND ENVIRONS
A study was carried out to assess the effects of age, sex, breed, location of cases and tick infestation on the prevalence o canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis in dogs treated in the Veterinary Clinic of the National Veterinary Research Institute Vom between July 1999 and July 2002 A case control study design was used to assess the association between the risk factors and the disease. Out of 3075 dogs examined during the period, 87 had CPV enteritis (2.8%). Dogs between 0 to 5 months of age had elevated risk (OR = 25.14; 95% CI = 9 74, 67.26%). Other factors did not significantly affect the occurrence of the disease. The disease was most prevalent in May and June with a lesser peak in January. Age and seasonal variation should be considered in p anning a control programme. f. . l
Prevalence of canine parvovirus infection at different pet clinics in Lahore, Pakistan
Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 2015
Prevalence of canine parvovirus (CPV) infection was studied in the dog population of Lahore. A total of 198 fecal samples were taken aseptically from dogs clinically suspected for parvovirus infection from different pet clinics of Lahore during 2010-2011. Most animals had a history of hemorrhagic diarrhoea, vomiting and a few had yellow diarrhea with mucus. Cases were categorized and recorded on the basis of sex, age and breed. Fecal samples were processed for haemagglutination test (HAT) and slide agglutination test (SAT) for CPV antigen. The overall prevalence of CPV was 22.7 % (45/198). It was observed that CPV was more prevalent in the 0-2 month age group (44.5%), dogs of the German shepherd breed were more susceptible (40%), and female dogs were more at risk (58.5%). The cardiac form of the disease was noted in young puppies while the enteric form of the disease was noted in both puppies and in young dogs. Tissue samples were collected in 10% formalin for histological study of ...
Prevalence of Canine Parvo Viral Infection in Dogs in and Around Tirupathi of India
International Journal of Livestock Research, 2015
A total of 217 faecal samples were collected from the dogs suspected for canine parvovirus infection over a period of 6 months from March-August, 2012. The faecal samples were screened by HA, HI tests and Scan Vet TM PARVO kit. Out of 217 dog faecal samples screened, 72 samples were positive for CPV infection with an overall prevalence of 33.17 percent. Breed wise analysis of data indicated that highest prevalence (43.75%) in Spitz and least prevalence (28.71%) in Mongrel. CPV infection in relation to age, was highest (40.74%) in 0-6 months and least (10%) in above 1year old dogs. Sex wise analysis of data revealed the higher prevalence (37.30%) in male dogs than female (27.47%) dogs. Month wise prevalence of CPV infection revealed highest prevalence (48.97%) in the month of July and lowest (20%) in the month of March. The prevalence of CPV infection was high (35.41%) in un-vaccinated dogs than the vaccinated dogs (16.00%).
2016
Canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine influenza virus (CIV) are highly contagious virus infecting members of the canine family including dogs, coyotes, foxes and wolves. The research work was carried out to determine the prevalence of CPV and CIV in dogs (str ay and pet dogs) in Dhaka, M ymensingh, Feni and Chittagong districts by using RapiGen CPV and CIV Ag test kit. Fecal samples were collected from 50 dogs of different age and sex from different spots of Dhaka and Chittagong districts. Nasal fluid samples were collected from 50 dogs of different age and sex from different spots. The samples were tested with RapiGencanine parvovirus Ag test kit and RapiGencanine influenza Ag test kit. Overall prevalence of CPV in pet dogs was 22% and in stray dogs was 30%. The prevalence of canine parvovirus in relation to age was gradually decreasing with higher age group and the prevalence was 28% in 1-6 months age, 16.66% in 7-12 months age group 11.11% over 18 months age group. The prevalence of canine parvovirus was significantly higher in male (24.13%) than that in female (19.04%). All samples showed negative test result for canine influenza virus. Prevalence of canine influenza virus infection were 00.00% in all age groups and sex. Overall prevalence of CIV in all pet and stray dogs were 00.00%.
Epidemiological study of canine parvovirus infection in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Veterinary World, 2015
Aim: An epidemiological study of canine parvovirus infection in dogs in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha was conducted between December 2012 to March 2013 and prevalence rate was studied on the basis of age, breed, and sex. Materials and Methods: A total of 71 fecal samples from suspected diarrheic dogs were collected in sterile phosphate buffer saline (10% W/V) and examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of canine parvo virus infection, followed by epidemiological study in relation to age, breed, and sex. Results: Of 71 samples analyzed, 29 (40.85%) were found to be positive by PCR assay. The infection was higher in Deshi/ local breeds (34.48%), followed by German shepherd (17.24%), equal incidences in mixed and Labrador retriever (10.34%), Rottweiler and German spitz showed 6.90% each and finally lower incidences in four breeds (3.45%) such as Dalmatians, Nea politan mastiff, Pug and Great Dane. Age-wise prevalence study revealed the infection being more in the age group of 3-6 months (41.37%), followed by equal incidences of 27.59% in 1-3 months and 6-12 months age group, and a low incidence in age groups above 12 months (3.45%). The incidence was predominantly higher in males (86.21%) than females (13.79%). Conclusions: The epidemiological analysis revealed that the breed wise prevalence was found to be more in Deshi breeds as compared to others, age groups below 6 months were found to be more prone to parvovirus infection and males were mostly infected.