International Dental Tribune (original) (raw)

Effect of smoking and dental fluorosis as environmental risk factors in periodontal disease — An observational study

The Journal of Dental Panacea

To assess the periodontal status of smokers and non-smokers in dental fluorosis subjects from endemic water fluoride areas of Davangere district, Karnataka. A stratified random sample study (n=338) was performed to obtain an equal number of subjects in tobacco and non-tobacco users. Participants had similar perceived oral health status (including self-reports of bleeding gums, loose teeth, and receding gums) low to medium socioeconomic status, and education. The sample for the present study on the tobacco effect consisted of 338 subjects aged 15-74 years. The periodontal status was assessed by clinical parameters Oral Hygiene Index — Simplified (OHI-S), Jackson’s Fluorosis Index (JFI), Community Periodontal Index Treatment Needs (CPITN). Overall, periodontitis is significantly higher among smokers as compared to non-smokers. Although dental fluorosis is a risk factor compared in relation to age, sex was statistically not significant. OHI-S, JFI, and CPITN show statistical significan...

A Journey Since 1899 To 2013 Finding Associations between Tobacco Smoking and Dental Caries

Research & Reviews: Journal of Dental Sciences, 2014

Dental caries remains one of the most common infectious diseases of mankind. Dental caries and its consequences together constitute a very real and personal problem for almost everyone.Several studies indicate an association with smokeless tobacco and caries but tobacco smoking and its relation to dental caries is a subject of many opinions.The present paper discusses various studies done in this regards to find the relation between dental caries and smoking using different parameters and emphasizes on studies, clinical trials and experiments needed to confirm the independent effect of smoking as one of the causes of dental caries.

The effects of tobacco use on oral health

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi / Hong Kong Academy of Medicine, 2003

To review the effects of tobacco use on oral health, with particular emphasis on the effects of periodontal diseases, dental implant failures, and risk of development of oral cancers and precancers. Medline literature search (1977-2002). Key words for the literature search were 'tobacco smoking', 'periodontal disease', 'dental implant', and 'oral cancers and precancers'. Evidence-based literature review. The prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases in their various forms are higher among smokers than among non-smokers. The success of dental implant treatments is significantly influenced by addiction to tobacco smoking. The failure rate of implant osseointegration is considerably higher among smokers, and maintenance of oral hygiene around the implants and risk of peri-implantitis are adversely affected by smoking. The risks of developing oral cancers and precancers are greater in smokers. Betel nut chewing and smokeless tobacco produce similar ...

Strong evidence that daily use of fluoride toothpaste prevents caries

Evidence-based dentistry, 2005

Medline, Cochrane Library, reference lists of identified articles and selected textbooks were used to source studies. Selected studies were randomized or controlled clinical trials of at least 2 years' duration with caries increment in the permanent (DMFS/T) or primary (dmfs/t) dentition as the endpoint. Reports published in Danish, English, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish or Swedish were included. For multiply reported trials the one with the longest follow-up period was included. Inclusion decisions and grading of the studies was performed independently by two of the authors. The main outcome was prevented fraction (PF). A pooled estimate was calculated for included studies. Fifty-four studies were included. There was strong evidence for a caries-preventive effect of daily use of fluoride toothpaste compared with placebo in the young permanent dentition (PF, 24.9%; standard deviation, +/-11.5%). Toothpastes containing 1500 ppm of fluoride had a superior preventive ...

Fluoride and Oral Health

Community dental health, 2016

The discovery during the first half of the 20th century of the link between natural fluoride, adjusted fluoride levels in drinking water and reduced dental caries prevalence proved to be a stimulus for worldwide on-going research into the role of fluoride in improving oral health. Epidemiological studies of fluoridation programmes have confirmed their safety and their effectiveness in controlling dental caries. Major advances in our knowledge of how fluoride impacts the caries process have led to the development, assessment of effectiveness and promotion of other fluoride vehicles including salt, milk, tablets, toothpaste, gels and varnishes. In 1993, the World Health Organization convened an Expert Committee to provide authoritative information on the role of fluorides in the promotion of oral health throughout the world (WHO TRS 846, 1994). This present publication is a revision of the original 1994 document, again using the expertise of researchers from the extensive fields of kn...

Heavy smoking and severe dental caries in Indonesian men

2016

BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, the prevalence of dental caries is 85%–99% and 67.4% of males aged 15 years or older are current users of tobacco. The aim of this study was to examine the association between heavy smoking and severe dental caries. METHODS: The authors used secondary data from Basic Health Research 2007. Respondents were Indonesian males aged 45–54 years (n = 34 534). Decay, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) value was used to define severe dental caries with 31.4% of respondents having DMFT value ≥ 8, the cutoff point of severe dental caries in this study. In addition, the enumerators recorded socio-demographic characteristics (age, socio-economic status, education, and job), tooth brushing and smoking behavior of respondents. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of severe dental caries between heavy smokers (defined as Brinkman Index or BI ≥ 400) and never smokers (BI = 0). The multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted association betw...

Association Between Tobacco Smoking and Dental Caries in the Indonesian Population: Results of a National Study in 2018

Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Objectives: The 2018 Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS), conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia showed a high prevalence of dental caries (88.8%) in Indonesia and suggested that smoking tobacco was associated with an increased risk of dental caries. This study analyzed the association between tobacco smoking and dental caries in the Indonesian population.Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data collected from RISKESDAS 2018. The study population included 35 391 Indonesians aged ≥10 years from all 34 provinces. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was used to measure dental caries. Smoking status was assessed qualitatively based on smoking activity, and the level of smoking exposure was assessed based on the Brinkman index. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationships of smoking status and smoking exposure levels with the DMFT index.Results: Of the population aged ≥10 years, 36% ha...

EC DENTAL SCIENCE Editorial Oral Health in 21 st Century–An Emerging Challenge

Health is the real wealth and keeping ourselves healthy, not only depends on the quality of food, water and air we take but also we need routine exercise to keep ourselves sound and fit. Above all, the enigma of keeping ourselves fit, healthy and sound we must pay attention to our oral health. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines oral health as 'a state of being free from mouth and facial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral infection and sores, periodontal disease, tooth decay, tooth loss, and other diseases and disorders that limit an individual's capacity in biting, chewing, smiling, speaking, and psychosocial wellbeing'. Intelligently designed oral cavity which extends from anteriorly guarded by lips to the oropharynx posteriorly, roofed by palate, well-furnished floor of the mouth, jaws with teeth, piston-like mobile tongue and fully protected by guard-wall-like cheeks on either sides. Oral cavity acts as the gateway to the food and water and collectively serves as an organ of sound, speech and unique production of voice. Moreover, it stands for face value, image and personal identity in the society. Although it is confined to oral cavity only, the state of oral health-good or bad, determines the physical health of the whole body at large. Polluted environment, intoxicated food and modern lifestyle contribute a lot in affecting the oral mucosa causing various oral diseases. Multifactorial oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth loss and gingivitis; tobacco related oral diseases such as oral submucus fibrosis (OSMF), nicotina stomatitis, leukoplakia, erythroplakia and oral cavity cancers and microbes such as Candida, EBV, HPV and HIV interfered oral diseases are noted to be the major public health problems worldwide. Victimised persons experience acute pain and problems with eating, chewing, drinking, swallowing, smiling, and communicating in day to day life. Due to environmental pollution, the concentrations of heavy metals like Ni, Cr, Zn, Hg and Pb are found to be in increasing trend which severely affect both oral and general health. Higher Fluoride concentration in water in various parts of the developing countries becomes the cause of fluorosis and dental caries irrespective of age and sex. The risk of dental caries is reported to be high among the population expose to inappropriate fluorides concentration in their drinking water. Similarly, insecticides and pesticides-induced chemical-overloaded food grains, severely affect the oral mucosa in the form of irritation and inflammation which become the root cause of neoplastic initiation. The lifestyle factors also significantly impact on oral health, and oral diseases become major public health problems owing to their high prevalence and incidence in all regions of the world [1]. Attraction towards the fast (junk) foods which include diets rich in sugar and flavoured salts, widespread use of tobacco and reckless consumption of alcohol have become an essential part of modern lifestyle among the children, adolescent and middle-aged people. As a result, various types of tobacco related diseases, obesity, unusual fall of teeth, dental cries, periodontitis, gingivitis and glossitis are the common occurrence among different sects of the people. World Health Organization has recognized that dental diseases are the most prevalent non-communicable diseases, globally. Dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal diseases (gum disease) have been considered the most important global oral health burdens. Dental caries is still a major health problem in most industrialized countries as the disease affects 60% to 90% of school-aged children and the vast majority of adults [2]. Caries is caused by the decalcification of tooth enamel and destruction of the protein matrix. In presence of