Landscape and image: perception of authenticity and identity of places (original) (raw)
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This article contributes to the debate and reflection centred on the state of contemporary landscape: a mosaic of presently and past constructed landscapes. It addresses the urgency of analysis and evaluation of the historic process of landscape (trans)formation through a cultural and ecologic interpretation taken together with the evaluation of the dynamics and tendencies of change, and taking into account the spatial model of landscape. In the context of the changeable dynamics typical of contemporary landscapes, this article contributes to the formulation of an intervention methodology, seeking both to respond to social needs and guaranty the sustainability of the inherited landscape.
Cultural landscapes: Negotiation between global and local
2010
Since the origin of the use of the term ‘landscape’ in a modern sense the cultural dimension has been the key to understand the relationship between the human beings and the places of their life, to describe the co-evolution between natural and human processes. The first part of the paper considers the meaning of ‘cultural landscape’ analyzing the evolution of the international Charters concerning the various aspects of the landscape preservation and protection which reveal the progressive extension of the definition of “cultural landscape”: from UNESCO, Paris, 1972, to ICOMOS, Ename, 2007. In the second part, the characteristics of the cultural landscapes are considered: integrity, authenticity, rarity, scarcity, identity, in terms of stratification and historic permanence of land uses, the most significant historic periods of landscape transformations; alteration, disappearance of relevant elements and the diffusion of the multiculturalism. In the third part the weakness of some c...
The Intangible Values of the Landscape
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The article explores the identity mark registered as personal and collective memory and intangible heritage in the places from a cultural, perceptive, emotional and phenomenological perspective. These landscape values, which can be called intangible, reveal realities of huge importance for culture and for urban planning. Among other techniques, the article focuses on the cartography of values such as tranquillity or the aesthetic emotion, aimed at understanding and designing places. These maps drawn from a deep knowledge of the places are a powerful tool that can be used to claim contemporary landscape as a dynamic, socio-ecological system. Mapping then becomes a process of understanding, evocation and design in itself, through which projects can be integrated in the site.
J-Reading - Journal of Research and Didactics in Geography, 2016
Landscape planning is the result of a complex and coordinated effort. The interpretation of the idea of Landscape by the Urban Planning discipline is clearly facing some hardship. In Italy, the tools of the Landscape planning currently in effect (Landscape and Cultural Heritage Code L.D.42/2004 and subsequent revisions) include a not flexible and straightforward series of rules.At present the landscape planning discipline is facing a rethinking of its models due to the inadequacy of its founding standpoints and of some ideologically manufactured claims based in turn on a specious conception of identity. This is proven by the fact that several regional plans are having a very hard time to apply basic rules and regulations to the practicality of the planning at a local level.In order to better explain the above mentioned points, we are going to present the case of the Sardinian Regional Landscape Plan (SRLP) in which several critical issues reveal themselves and converge as they ste...
This introduction addresses some of the topics currently debated in landscape affairs. In the fi rst chapter I opt for a terminological defi nition of “environment” as the processual / scientifi c aspects of an area whereas “landscape” may be used in post-processual / phenomenological approaches, which is in accordance with the use of many studies in recent years. The term “nature” on the other hand is an analytical category to signify an area without human impact and therefore only existent as an imagined reality. Moreover, this idea of nature fulfils social demands as it stabilizes society by providing the imagined possibility of a counter-life. Archaeology, however, is not the only discipline to deal with landscape affairs. The term “landscape” is used by many disciplines providing a chance and threat alike to interdisciplinary cooperation. In practice the use of landscapes has to be negotiated between many social groups from academia as well as from other fields of society. This may result in different approaches to and interpretations of archaeological landscapes. In heritage management, alliances with tourism and environmental protection for example are in danger to subordinate archaeological / historical aims to values of other actors. In this respect, the European Landscape Convention provides a useful basis for further action as it offers an integrative and multifocal approach.
Philosophy of Landscape : Think, Walk, Act
2019
This landmark collection of essays on landscape offers a much-needed comprehensive exploration of an important dimension of our human environment. Landscape is different from such environmental topics as the forest, the city, and the sea. Unlike other subjects of environmental inquiry, landscape is strangely situated, giving it a compelling significance. For landscape is not a place that can be clearly demarcated. It is not a natural object like a mountain or a river, nor is it a location such as a valley or an island. In fact, landscape is no thing at all. Etymologically speaking, landscape is an expanse of the perceived environment: a scene, a region, surroundings as viewed by an observer. This gives landscape unique standing in environmental experience because landscape cannot be considered alone: it is, in effect, defined by and in relation to human perception. Landscape is a relationship. We can think here of the Claude glass, so called because it was an optical device, invented by the seventeenth century French landscape painter Claude Lorrain, through which an artist or a traveler in the countryside could look and adjust in order to frame a pleasing aspect of the scenery, arranging the view through the glass to resemble what a painter would depict with brush and paint. This exemplifies how what is designated as a landscape depends on the viewer, a point of exceeding importance. For there is no landscape "out there", so to speak, no independent object or place. Recognizing this has dramatic implications, for it demonstrates how landscape is actually a complex synthesis of viewer and environment. Recognizing this led me to entitle my first extended discussion of environment, "The Viewer in the Landscape", and that same understanding underlies many of the essays in this volume. Moreover, landscape has been used metaphorically in ways that do not always suit a visual meaning, such as 'earthscape' and 'spacescape' and even in referring to memories of one's previous home as an internal landscape.-Filosofia da Paisagem. Estudos, 2013. A compilation of essays by Adriana Veríssimo Serrão, the principal investigator of the project. Organized in four chapters: "Anthropology and Philosophy of Nature"; "Nature and Art: The Composite Categories"; "Landscape and Environment. A theoretical debate" and "Problems of Philosophy of the Landscape", the book reflects on the essence of Landscape as idea and reality, being and manifestation. 'A piece of nature' is, as such, an internal contradiction; nature has no pieces, it is the unity of a whole. The instant anything is removed from this wholeness, it is no longer nature, precisely because it can only be 'nature' within that unlimited unity, as a wave of that global flow. 2 19 Spazio limitato il paesaggio, ma aperto, perché, a differenza degli spazi chiusi, ha sopra di sé il cielo, cioè lo spazio illimitato; e non rappresenta l'infinito (simbolicamente o ilusionisticamente), ma si apre all'infinito, pur nella finitezza del suo essere limitato: costituendosi come presenza,
Landscape as a Connection – Beyond Boundaries
2013
This research deals with several problems of the contemporary city – problem of administrative boundaries and relationship between the city and its public spaces.1 Cities are ever increasing, often uncontrolled and rarely planned as a whole, almost always without thinking about city’s identity. Furthermore the problem of boundaries in general is evident in the periphery which is undeveloped edge of the city. In Croatia boundaries are an obstacle to urban planning, they make it difficult to overview the entire space of the city because its illogical divisions. What is an urban landscape and how it can contribute to development of the new image of the 21st century city is a current theme of planning (eg. Grand Paris considerations). At the Faculty of Zagreb cities from different regions are being researched through a series of workshops in Landscape Architecture and Urbanism. The aim is to reject administrative boundaries in order to create new area of a city based on the landscape. W...
International Journal of Energy and Environment, Issue 4, Volume 6, 2012
Resulting from two different evolutionary processes - 4000 million years of biological changes and the cultural process of human inhabitation of the planet - landscape makes evident the level of integration of its natural and cultural dimensions. The cultural context (ensuing from the transformations imposed by human population) affects the natural environment and the overall construction of landscape. For centuries, the relationship between society and territory was harmonious and balanced, producing urban, rural and natural constructed landscapes which were not only attractive and productive, but formed a core part of our shared heritage and the basis for our European identity. More recently, however, sectarian and utilitarian visions ruled by the principles of easy and maximum profit have become prevalent, side-by-side with new dominant trends of human intervention which have assisted in the adulteration and degradation of landscape. If a more sustainable approach to the organisation of contemporary landscape is to be defined, this will have to be based on the in-depth knowledge of its values, dynamics, problems and contradictions. This approach will have to jointly consider the landscape’s natural and cultural aspects in the planning process and use both of these dimensions for the definition of the objectives presiding landscape preservation and transformation. Only such a methodology, which respects the heritage and identity of landscape, can be said to foster the long-term development of both society and nature. In the context of the changeable dynamics typical of contemporary landscapes, this article contributes to the formulation of an intervention methodology based on an ecological and cultural reading of the landscape in order to apply the method used in landscape ecology to the conurbation of central Algarve coast.