METHODS OF DESTRUCTION OF SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE (original) (raw)
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MODERN DESTRUCTION METHODS OF SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE
The problem of accumulation and decomposition of solid and liquid wastes is discussed. It is shown that modern incineration technologies of solid waste allow to reduce the amount of landfilled refuses, and also to obtain a significant amount of thermal energy. Plastic waste can be recycled, burned, landfilled or used for paving of plastic roads. Liquid waste, such as sewage, is a source to produce the methane, whereas disinfected solid residue can be used for production of compost. An additional source of methane is livestock waste. Combustion of solid wastes and methane allows the generation of additional amounts of heat energy used to generate electricity or heat.
WASTE TO ENERGY BY INCINERATION
— Incineration is the main waste-to-energy form of treatment. It is a treatment technology involving destruction of solid waste by controlled burning at high temperatures. It is accompanied by the release of heat. This heat from combustion can be converted into energy. Incineration is a high-quality treatment for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), very useful in big or crowded cities, because it reduces the quantity and volume of waste to be land filled. It can be localised in an urbanised zone, and offers the opportunity of recovering energy. However, it should be taken into account that the economic investment needed is high. The environmental conditions of the incineration process must be very precise to make it environmentally safe. The larger portion of the investment required is due to environmental measures such as emissions control. When choosing incineration as an alternative, the following issues should be considered: volume/quantity of waste produced, heat of combustion of waste, site location, dimensions of the facility, operation and maintenance costs and investment.
Elsevier, 2018
From a socioeconomic-environmental point of view, the consequences of human daily activities can be briefed as a rapid increase in the health and environmental drawbacks because of the released gaseous, liquid, and solid wastes while the demand for all these resources, specifically fossil fuels and biomass, is increasing. In order to better understand the potential of solid wasteto-energy strategies for a global sustainable development, the focus of this chapter was dedicated to the solid waste management in both developing and developed countries, the possibility of integration of cascading use of biomass for the generation of energy, the importance of the related policies, and the sustainability of integrated solid waste-to-energy production systems, and although very slight, understanding few possibilities and opportunities in sustainable maintenance of our planet to preserve its habitable environments hospitable to life.
Generation Effects and Management of Municipal Solid Waste: A Review
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH, 2021
The heterogenous waste produced commercially, industrially, institutionally and by household activities is called Municipal Solid Waste. It is an unavoidable part of our life which not only affect our environment but also play a key role in life threatening infections. Management of municipal solid waste includes the complete cycle covering all the steps, from inception to final disposal of the waste. The steps include: spotting, collection, storage, effective recycling and final disposal of the household waste in an environment friendly manner. Insufficient service coverage, operational issues in Municipal Solid Waste Management, limited use of recycling processes, improper management of wastes, uncontrolled final disposal, rapid urbanization, life style and weather are the major causes of Municipal Solid Waste generation. Improper disposal of waste results the degradation of environment in the form of surface and ground water contamination through leachate. Soil is contaminated either by direct waste contact or leachate. The burning of waste causes air pollution. Other than environmental degradation, different vectors like rodents, birds, insects and others spread diseases in the society. To solve the problem, an integrated municipal solid waste management system comprises four main levels or processes may be helpful. Prior to these processes, collection and sorting of the waste is necessary. The first level is to access reprocessing facilities for the recovery of secondary materials. It requires comprehensive sorting of the waste. At second level, biological treatment of the food waste takes place. Through this process, the waste can be used to produce fertilizers. The organic waste may also be converted into liquid fertilizers by anaerobic digestion method. Furthermore, energy production by using methane, a byproduct of anaerobic digestion method, is also possible. Third level is concerned with the volume reduction of waste by burning. The fourth and last step is the process of ash disposal at landfill sites.
This research focused on three methods of Solid Waste Disposals thus; Biological, Thermal and Physical technologies. Thermal treatment (Open burning), this uncontrolled burning of garbage releases many pollutants into the atmosphere which have many negative effects on both human health and the environment. These include dioxins, particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic compounds, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, hexachlorobenzene and ash. All of these chemicals pose serious risks to human health. Biological treatment will require longer time than thermal conversion as biological processes takes days, weeks or even months to be carried out fully. These processes may be particularly suited for some MSW fractions i.e. niche applications and will therefore contribute to the expansion of the MSW treatment arsenal. Physical treatment (Landfilling), involve placing solid and semi solid wastes on the ground, compacting and converting it with suitable materials to isolate it from the environment. It is still one of the most common and favoured methods for solid waste disposal.