(1998) The Effects of Information About AIDS Risk and Self-Efficacy on Women's Intentions to Engage in AIDS Preventive Behavior (original) (raw)
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Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1998
Female college students' perceived vulnerability to AIDS and their perceived self-efficacy regarding AIDS preventive behavior (APB), were manipulated in a 2 x 2 design. Consistent with protection motivation theory (e.g.. Rogers. 1983), the results showed that intention to engage in APB was highest among subjects who received information that their risk of getting infected with HIV was high. and who experienced relatively high feelings of self-efficacy. These subjects also seemed least likely to engage in denial of their AIDS risk. The implications of these tindings for AIDS education programs are discussed.
This research used the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (1MB) model of AIDS risk behavior change to reduce AIDS risk behavior in a college student population. College students received an 1MB model-based intervention that addressed AIDS risk reduction information, motivation, and behavioral skills deficits that had been empirically identified in this population, or were assigned to a no-treatment control condition. At a 1-month follow-up, results confirmed that the intervention resulted in increases in AIDS risk reduction information, motivation, and behavioral skills, as well as significant increases in condom accessibility, safer sex negotiations, and condom use during sexual intercourse. At a long-term follow-up, the intervention again resulted in significant increases in AIDS preventive behaviors.
Health Psychology, 1996
This research used the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (1MB) model of AIDS risk behavior change to reduce AIDS risk behavior in a college student population. College students received an 1MB model-based intervention that addressed AIDS risk reduction information, motivation, and behavioral skills deficits that had been empirically identified in this population, or were assigned to a no-treatment control condition. At a 1-month follow-up, results confirmed that the intervention resulted in increases in AIDS risk reduction information, motivation, and behavioral skills, as well as significant increases in condom accessibility, safer sex negotiations, and condom use during sexual intercourse. At a long-term follow-up, the intervention again resulted in significant increases in AIDS preventive behaviors.
Psychological determinants of AIDS-preventive behaviors were examined from the perspective of the theory of reasoned action in prospective studies of gay men, heterosexual university students, and heterosexual high school students. Across samples, preventive behaviors, and prospective intervals of 1 and 2 months' duration, AIDS-preventive behaviors were predicted by behavioral intentions; behavioral intentions were a function of attitudes and norms; and attitudes and norms were a function of their theorized basic underpinnings. Discussion focuses on the development of AIDS-prevention interventions that modify intentions, attitudes, and norms concerning performance of AIDS-preventive behaviors by targeting the empirically identified underpinnings of attitudes and norms related to specific preventive behaviors in specific populations of interest.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2000
The present study focused on predicting AIDS-preventive behavioral intentions (ix., intentions to discuss AIDS-related information and to use condoms) from constructs taken from the health belief model, the theory of reasoned action/planned behavior, and social cognitive theory. Questionnaire data Here collected from I24 undergraduates using scales from previously published work as well as some new measures designed Ibr this study. Perceived behavioral control, perceived risk, attitudes, self-efiicacj, sub.jective norms, negative expected outcomes. and perceived severity of HIV infection here correlated with at least one intention measure; but regression analyses showed that perceived behavioral control was the strongest independent predictor of condom use intentions and of intentions to discuss AIDS information with a partner. Implications for theory and application are discussed. AIDS is among the most tragic and socially significant diseases in recent history, and while researchers have been optimistic about potential treatments, an effective vaccine or cure is not likely until the somewhat distant future. In the last 3 years alone, almost one quarter of a million people were diagnosed with AIDS, and the estimated current number of Americans infected with HIV is 630,000 to 900,000 (Buchanan & Cernada, 1998). Apparently, the only current feasible means by which this disease can be controlled is through prevention, which necessitates the use of education and behavior-change interventions. However, Goldman and Harlow (1993) have argued that risk-reduction efforts that are based on education alone have been unsuccessful in the long run. Therefore, effective HIV-/AIDS-preventive behavior-change interventions are necessary, with the development of such interventions requiring an understanding of risk behaviors and factors that influence these behaviors (Basen-Engquist, 1992). According to Stine (1995), condom use by large numbers of people is essential for effective control of HIV, and Stine stated that the idea of safer sexual practices now refers almost exclusively to the use of a latex condom which, with the obvious exception of abstinence, is the most important AIDS-risk-reducing
Understanding and promoting AIDS-preventive behavior: Insights from the theory of reasoned action
Health Psychology, 1995
Psychological determinants of AIDS-preventive behaviors were examined from the perspective of the theory of reasoned action in prospective studies of gay men, heterosexual university students, and heterosexual high school students. Across samples, preventive behaviors, and prospective intervals of 1 and 2 months' duration, AIDS-preventive behaviors were predicted by behavioral intentions; behavioral intentions were a function of attitudes and norms; and attitudes and norms were a function of their theorized basic underpinnings. Discussion focuses on the development of AIDS-prevention interventions that modify intentions, attitudes, and norms concerning performance of AIDS-preventive behaviors by targeting the empirically identified underpinnings of attitudes and norms related to specific preventive behaviors in specific populations of interest.
AIDS Beliefs in Young Women: Are They Related to AIDS Risk‐Reduction Behavior?
Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 1990
Little is known about the relationship between AIDS beliefs and AIDS risk‐reduction behavior, especially in young heterosexual adults. This study explores young women's beliefs and behavior regarding AIDS. The results of this exploratory study indicate that college women generally see AIDS as serious, do not see themselves as susceptible, and are uncertain if AIDS beliefs influence their contraceptive behavior. Higher susceptibility scores are consistently correlated with AIDS risk‐reduction behavior, and women who believe that AIDS affects their contraceptive use are more likely to use condoms. Implications for practice and strategies to increase susceptibility in women at risk are discussed.
With the increasing threat of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), intensive educational programs are implemented and/or planned worldwide. It is usually assumed that providing information and generating concern leads to AIDS-preventive behaviors. Attitude theory and research in social psychology does not necessarily support this assumption. Studies suggest that individuals may use defensive information screening and/or denial strategies to deal with the anxiety that is produced by such information. Also, research indicates that effects on behavior are mediated by normative factors that support or oppose them. With regard to sexual beliefs and behaviors, family, peer group, and sexual partner(s) are important normative groups for adolescents and young adults. The present investigation is aimed at measuring the relationcrlip between these normative factors and AIDS-preventive behaviors in 274 college students in a small conservative town in the United States. Results indicated that, although knowledge level was high, a considerable proportion of the respondents were involved in risky behaviors.