Land registers and cadastral policy in the Papal State (17th - 18th century), in “Jahrbuch für Europäische Verwaltungsgeschichte”, XII (2001), pp. 121 - 144 (original) (raw)
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Acta Poloniae Historica, 2019
In the mid-fourteenth century, the authorities of Florence resolved to establish registers of all the real properties within the Florentine dominion. A project, unprecedented in the Florentine history, to record and compile an inventory of estates was conceived. The article considers the circumstances behind the project, primarily the socioeconomic and political factors that drove the authorities' decision. Details are discussed regarding the selection of offi cials responsible for the project and the work they did. Analysis of the project in question enables to address certain specifi c issues of late medieval perception and rationalisation of urban and off-urban space. 1
Sources for Knowing the Territory: The Terrilogi of the Historical Diocesan Archives of Lucca
With the term «terrilogio» we mean a collection of news and information concerning the territory including land properties and every kind of buildings and constructions present in the piece of ground considered. All this in order to get precise and detailed descriptions with extension, location and value of the property itself. The «terrilo-gi» (a term widely used and prevailing in common language all during the 18 th century), also called «martilogi» (this name prevailed until the last decade of the 17 th century), usually appear as records with the function of listing lands and their real estate referring to public or private properties. They can have inserted also graphical representations, plans or a prospectus of the territorial asset. In Italian, the term «terrilogio» refers immediately to the element «terra» (land) and it contains also the Greek term «logos» (meaning: word, speech and, in general, a way for describing something). A register of «terrilogio» presents a more detailed and precise description of properties and status of land. These registers, which in Italy and in other countries are called «cabrei» or «platee», were commissioned by noble families, ecclesiastical institutions, or public institutions such as municipalities. The experts required for this work were called «Agrimensori» (Land Surveyors) and «Geometri» (technicians), who had the task of accurately detecting the borders of each property and their extension. The importance of this type of documentary is also demonstrated by the presence of numerous treatises on the proper compilation of the registers, for example the Francesco Antonio Filonzi's book (1775), in which there is a section devoted just to «Pratica per formare un cabreo» (practice to form a cabreo) 1. Lucca has had a role of great importance in the creation of this particular type of documents. The iconography of books for estate in 1 F.A. Filonzi, Pratiche matematiche divise in tre trattati, 2, Ancona 1775, pp. 169-72.
The City and History / Mesto a Dejiny, 2018
Written documents are particularly valuable when researching medieval urbanity, since many buildings or spatial constellations are no longer extant or have been restructured over the centuries. The issue of ownership over immovable property is crucial when it comes to exploring historical urban areas, since its owners/users directly infl uenced its appearance and alterations. Information on the types, locations, and owners of immovable property are found scattered in notarial documents, mostly in various legal actions related to property transfer. In this paper, we have analysed this type of data linked to immovable property and its descriptions in the notarial records, focusing on the 13 th-century Dalmatian cities of Zadar, Šibenik, Trogir, Split, and Dubrovnik (present-day Croatia). These data constitute a database that serves to reconstruct various spatial and social relations in the medieval city. Introduction In medieval cities, immovable property was a key element of wealth and power. Institutions, groups, or individuals were holders of a precisely determined set of rights and powers over property, having the authority to use the land, rather than the exclusive rights to it. The relationship between townsmen and their property in medieval cities was very complex and defi ned by a number of diff erent local and external circumstances. The property-acquiring strategies in the urban societies of medieval towns are relevant for understanding the real-estate market and urban economy. Urban space existed within the legal and administrative framework of a particular community, in which urban development was regulated by the statutes, but even more by legal practice. Throughout the 11 th and 12 th centuries, the European urban population grew and the economy experienced rapid transformations. It was a period of increasing investment in urban land, which created the need for new theoretical models and practical instruments that would be more appropriate to the demands of an urban society. Many distinctive features of urban laws and customs developed to respond to the new needs of these growing towns. A new and effi cient legal order was needed, with mechanisms that could deal with commercial contracts, property transfers, and municipal governments. From the 12 th and 13 th centuries onwards, documents recording urban properties multiplied. New legal terminology and procedures developed to enforce and recover property rights. Most medieval documents do not include exact data about the types of ownership-they only describe ownership transfers. Nevertheless, these transactions
Studia Iuridica, 2019
During the 18th century, an increasingly strong individualistic attitude in the way of understanding the relationship between man and the tangible world spread throughout Europe. The legal institution which, more than any other, suffered from the effects of this reductionism was the Property as victim of incredible compression in comparison to medieval world. The exclusive model that the new Enlightenment and the bourgeois mentality wanted to adopt was the individual Property, to the detriment of all those forms of possession documented in the Middle Ages. The present study intends to investigate, in the geographical context of the Papal States, the great juridical dispute between the individualistic model – endorsed by the Sacred Legislator – and that of a collectivistic nature defended by the Community.
2009
HERSETEC, 2, 1 (2008), 87–99 In the following study,1 I wish to address an important question that arises concerning the nature of the ‘land market’ in the context of the economic and social history of medieval Europe. How was a price of land set in the Middle Ages? Was it determined by economic elements such as the rules of supply and demand, or by personal relationships, such as clientèle, friendship or kinship?2 For the purpose of investigating the nature of the ‘land market’ or the ‘transactions of land’,3 this paper examines the private charters of early medieval Italy. Once we attempt to approach the issue using the Italian documentation before the eleventh century, we are soon faced with a problem: the lack of sale charters. In many parts of the Italian peninsula numerous charters of sale were apparently redacted during the Lombard and Carolingian periods. However, the Italian ecclesiastical institutes, where almost all of the early medieval documents were preserved, tended t...
Revista De La Inquisicion, 2012
Resumen: A comienzos del siglo XVIII, el sistema municipal del reino de Nápoles se basaba en la existencia de un consejo en el que intervenían las cabezas de las principales familias de la ciudad. Este sistema, cercano al concepto de parlamento entendido como asamblea universal, fue fallando gradualmente en algunas ciudades, evolucionando hacia un consejo de mucho menor tamaño, para perjuicio, principalmente, de los campesinos y los artesanos.
2010
From the point of view of size, this case would appear, on the face of it, to be a marginal one in European history. Present-day Tuscany, even though it is larger than when it was a regional State in the early modern times, is still not very large: less than 23,000 sq. km, with a population of just over three and a half million inhabitants. However, in this small area there are many cities which back in the Middle Ages were free communes, with a population that exceeded the European average. From medieval times up to the modern period, this Italian region has been continuously involved in European history. It was one of the protagonists in the creation of the first world economy in the early modern period, centred around the Mediterranean and identified by Braudel, and albeit more marginally, it continued to be involved with major trends in the context of European history until, with the advent of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty in the mid-eighteenth century, it fully entered the grea...