SELF-SEEDING OF SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER IN DEGRADED BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL SEED PRODUCTION STANDS (original) (raw)
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Self-seeding of subterranean clover in degraded seed production stands.
The possibility degraded white clover seed production stands to be under sown with self-seeding species was studied in field trial carried out at the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria. The under sowing was performed during the fourth year of usage of white clover stands with three subterranean clover subspecies, i.e.: Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (cv. “Antas”), Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (cv. “Trikkala”) and Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (cv. “Denmark”). It was found that the subterranean clover effectively used autumn-winter soil moisture, formed a sufficient number of seeds for self-seeding and germinated plants occupied the sites of the dropped white clover plants. The best potential for self-seeding showed Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum, the total number of emerged self-seeded plants was 188 number of plants/m2 vs. Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (153 number of plants/m2 ) and Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (105 number of plants/m2 ). The self-seeding ability allows subterranean clover be used for under sowing of degraded seed production white clover stands, thus to prolonge their durability and the stands could be used for forage.
Changes in some morphological and physiological parameters (leaves/stems ratio, total plastid pigments content, fixed amount nitrogen) of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) (cv. Targovishte 1) and three subterranean clover subspecies, i.e. Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (cv. Antas), Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (cv. Trikkala) and Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (cv. Denmark) were studied in a field trial in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria (2012-15). Crops were grown alone (100%) and in mixtures as follows: birdsfoot trefoil + Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (50:50%); birdsfoot trefoil + Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (50:50%); birdsfoot trefoil + Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (50:50%). Leaves/stems ratio for alone grown crops was found: birdsfoot trefoil (1.33), Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (1.02), Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (0.93) and Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (0.93). Leaves/stems ratio for birdsfoot trefoil in all mixtures was found be higher as compared to alone grown birdsfoot trefoil-by 13.0% for the mixture with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum, by 16.3% for that with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum and by 20.1% for the mixture with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum. Total plastid pigments in birdsfoot trefoil increased in all mixtures: with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum by 7.4%, with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum by 8.1% and with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum by 15.6%. From mixtures of birdsfoot trefoil were obtained more fixed amount of nitrogen-from 1.71 kg N/da (with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum) to 4.84 kg N/da (with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum) as compared to alone grown birdsfoot trefoil. Birdsfoot trefoil and subterranean clover in mixtures showed good tolerance, morphological and physiological status.
The possibility for under sowing of degraded white clover seed production stands with subterranean clover and thereafter used for forage was studied in a field trial in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria. Three subterranean clover subspecies, i.e. Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (cv. “Antas”), Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (cv. “Trikkala”) and Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (cv. “Denmark”) were used. The under sowing was performed during the autumn of the fourth year of using of white clover stands with 400 germinated seeds/m2. The stands were used for forage for three years after under sowing and every year two cuts were harvested. It was found that subterranean clover did not negatively effect the white clover development, increased dry mass productivity and reduced the weed infestation. Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum showed the best development. Dry mass yield from under sowed degraded white clover seed production stands with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum on average for the period was found 11.70% higher. Under sowing of degraded seed production white clover stands with subterranean clover is possible agrotechnical measurement and the stands thereafter could be used for forage.
The possibility for under sowing of degraded birdsfoot trefoil seed production stands with subterranean clover and thereafter used for forage was studied. The field experiment was carried out in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria. The under sowing was performed with three subterranean clover subspecies, i.e. Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (cv. “Antas”), Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (cv. “Trikkala”) and Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (cv. “Denmark”) during the autumn of the fourth year of using of birdsfoot trefoil stands. Due to the self-seeeding capacity subterranean clover occupied the free spaces in the degraded birdsfoot trefoil stands. So, the weed infestation decreased and dry mass productivity increased. For three years after under sowing the stands were used for forage and every year two cuts were harvested. On average for the period the best development and the biggest part of the swards showed Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum, after under sowing with which dry mass productivity was found to increase by 9.12%. On the basis of results obtained it is concluded that the under sowing of degraded seed production birdsfoot trefoil stands with subterranean clover is possible agrotechnical measurement and the stands thereafter could be used for forage.
Undersowing with subterranean clover of degraded alfalfa seed production stands.
The possibility for undersowing with subterranean clover of degraded alfalfa seed production stands and used for forage thereafter was studied in a field trial in the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria (2007-2013). Three subterranean clover subspecies were tested: Tr. subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (cv. " Antas "), Tr. subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (cv. " Trikkala ") and Tr. subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (cv. " Denmark "). The undersowing with clover was performed during the autumn of the fourth year (2010) of using the alfalfa stands with 400 germinated seeds/m 2 and interrow spacing of 12 cm. Four cuts were obtained during the first and second year after the undersowing and three cuts during the last. It was found that the subterranean clover contributed to the improvement of the botanical composition, as well as to a two-and threefold reduction of the weed infestation and it also increased the dry matter yield. Tr. subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum showed the best development and share in the stands. Undersowing with subterranean clover of degraded alfalfa stands used for seed production is a possible agrotechnical measure.
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2020
The permanent climate changes having occurred in the last decade present a serious risk to the agricultural crops. Тhis requires to study new herbaceous forage species having pronounced resistance to unfavorable abiotic factors and good adaptive capacity towards the new conditions. Legumes species that can provide self-sowing and persist continuously in the sward become of practical importance. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is an annual drought resistant legume with winter-spring type of development and ability for self-sowing. The studies with subterranean clover during the last years showed that it has practical applicability under the climatic conditions of Bulgaria. When sown at an appropriate time in the autumn, it establishes a uniform stand before the beginning of the permanent cold spell and grows up early in the spring and forms a dense sward. Subterranean clover was found as a suitable component for mixtures with widely used perennial grass and legume forage crops and contributed to weed infestation decreasing, higher productivity and persistence of the pasture systems. In addition, due to the prostrate habit it is strongly tolerant to grazing. The subterranean clover is adaptable to the changing climatic conditions and its use as a natural bio-recourse in the pastures could be a contribution to finding a solution in the field of forage production to mitigate the adverse effects of climatic change.
2014
Naturalised annual clover (NAC) species (suckling clover, cluster clover, striated clover, and haresfoot clover) are commonly present to locally abundant in summer dry hill and high country areas where white and subterranean (sub) clover abundance is limited. This field trial investigated NAC species dry matter production and seedling regeneration compared to white and sub clover. Autumn seedling recruitment was measured in response to low (75 kg/ha) or high (200 kg/ ha) superphosphate (SP) application. Over two growing seasons, NAC species contributed >90% to pasture legume content while white and sub clover contributed <10%. Striated, suckling, and cluster clovers showed greater recruitment under low SP with 996, 978, and 227 seedlings/m2 respectively compared to high SP with 635, 466, and 123 seedlings/m2 respectively. Collectively, NAC species were superior to white and sub clover on north-facing slopes. Spreading NAC species seed via livestock dung dispersal and aerial br...
New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 1995
A 3-year experiment to evaluate the performance of a number of selected subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) lines and cultivars was carried out in grazed hill country pastures in the northern North Island of New Zealand. Seedlings were transplanted into existing swards on easy (15-20° slope) and steep (25-35°s lope) contoured paddocks. Flowering times, spring cover, summer/autumn seedling emergence, and winter plant populations were measured with a particular emphasis on annual regeneration of the lines. Herbage production over the final season and soil seed reserves were also measured. Important factors in the success of subterranean clover genotypes were identified as late maturity, strong autumn regeneration, a long growing season, and prostrate habit. Six lines were identified as performing consistently better than the standard cultivars included in the trial. All have in common a flowering date close to that of 'Tallarook', the ability to regenerate winter plant populations of over 200 plants/m 2 , spring yields of over 1000 kg DM/ha in a mixed sward, and formononetin levels less than 0.15% of dry weight. These lines were therefore considered suitable for further development towards a suitable cultivar for New Zealand summer-dry hill-country pastures.
Effect of pretreatments on seed germination rate of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) populations
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011
The aim of the present study was to investigate effective methods in breaking the seed dormancy for red clover populations collected from Central-Black Sea Region of Turkey. To increase germination percentage of red clover, precooling, preheating, hot water, potassium nitrate and mechanical scarification were used. The results pointed out that there was a significant difference among the populations and treatments regarding germination rates. While average germination vigor of seeds was 29.4% in control treatments, it increased to 54.2% in mechanical scarification. Additionally preheating and precooling treatments were recommended.
Research on Trifolium Pratense L. Fertility in Relation with the Crop System
2012
The importance of red clover as forage crop and in rotations for soil improvement is well known, but a great attention is being paid in various countries, to the study of those factors which influence the seed-set of this plant. The present work deals with two of the factors, namely the influence of sowing system and harvest years on red clover seed set. We have tested in one stationary experiment the seed-set capacity of Select 1 Romanian variety of red clover, in relation with 5 different sowing systems and two cropping years. There were done observations regarding the number of offshoots per plant, the number of branches per offshoot, the number of capitula (heads) per plant, the number of flowers per capitulum, the number of seeds per capitulum in the both years of culture. Correlations between the red clover productivity elements were done also, and recommendations for the farmers who are interested in seed productions for red clover crops.