AN INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC, CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF INADEQUATE SANITATION ON HUMAN HEALTH: A STUDY ON ERODE DISTRICT IN TAMIL NADU (original) (raw)
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National Journal of Community Medicine, 2017
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Availability and Utilization of Sanitation Facilities: A Micro Study from Rural Tamil Nadu
Shanlax International Journal of Economics
About 4 billion citizens around the world lack access to proper sanitation, meaning they are forced to practice open defecation. The health consequences for those living without using toilets are severe. Approximately 480,000 children under5 year age die annually from diarrhoea caused by unsafe water and a lack of access to proper sanitation. That’s almost 2,000 kids a day. In developing countries like India, 57 per cent of households do not have a toilet. And in Tamil Nadu mainly, it was at 52 per cent. In India, civil societies and local government play a vital role in rural development, and they are responsible for transforming the socio-economic features of the villages in India. The central and state governments are implementing many schemes like the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), and so on to protect child and women’s health. Both governments to give reward for full achievement of gram panchayats like Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) and rewar...
Multidimensional impact of Inadequate sanitation in India: Situation analysis
2015
This epidemiological review paper provides an analytical review of the current situation of sanitation in India, and its impact on health and other societal factors. Accelerating progress on sanitation in India remains one of the global development agenda's most urgent yet most difficult challenges. The problem of sanitation is receiving considerable attention worldwide. Sanitation is an important development indicator; United Nation has given it a strong priority in Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Poor sanitation, hygiene, quality and quantity of water are one of the main reasons behind more than 80% of reported cases of infectious diseases in India. Numerous national and international efforts have been made over the past few decades to enhance sanitation in India. Nonetheless, the net result is reported to be not proportionate to the efforts and money spent. Upon analysis of national level political, economic and social dynamics this study reveals that low political priority, lack of properly designed, penetrated awareness programs, poor delivery mechanism, beneficiary participation, lack of research and innovation are prime barriers towards achieving total sanitation.
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2016
Sanitation and hygiene has always been an integral part of health care delivery system. Most of the communicable and non-communicable diseases are directly or indirectly linked with poor sanitation. Poor hygiene multiplies the spread of disease by manifold; a recent example of Ebola outbreak where safe funeral practices plays a vital role in culminating the virus and disease. In other words poor sanitation and hygiene are like nuclear bomb which needs a trigger of a novel pathogen to initiate a medical calamity. Sanitation has two important components: water seal latrines and sewage disposal system, while essential component for hygiene are hand washing and systematic solid waste disposal. Historically we were at epitome of sanitation practices during Mohenjo-daro and Harrapa civilization, but with the increase in population, economic disparity and poor planning, current status is ABSTRACT Background: This is a study attempted to assess the present situation of water and sanitation facilities, attitude and practices of the individuals living in 8 villages (4 each) of Cuddalore district and Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. Government should initiate measures to create awareness among rural population about the importance of proper sanitation among household. The aim of the study was to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of sanitation in rural areas of Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out to understand the knowledge and practices followed for purifying drinking water, hand washing facilities and practice, presence and condition of toilet in house and waste disposal in 8 rural villages in 2 districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Results: On an average, there is 1 toilet among 13 people in surveyed areas. Total of 78% of respondents do not treat the water and 92% of the individuals were consuming water from municipal tap. Un-availability of toilet was 70% among study population; 40% of them stated financial reasons for absence of toilets. The practice of hand washing before handling of food is seen among 53% participants and 80% washed their hands after eating the food; 68% of the participants washed their hands after defecation. Average toilet cleanliness score is 2.88/5. Conclusions: Government and other social programs should be developed to educate and to create awareness about water treatment methods, need of proper sanitation and hand washing practices among rural population. The current message spread by Government programs are not reaching the masses, therefore further effort to penetrate periphery is required.
Sanitation Practices and Policies in India: Exploring Determinants and their Interlinkages
A B S T R A C T India, one of the emerging economies of the world, is plagued with prevalence of inadequate and poor sanitation facilities. Unhealthy hygiene practices and menace of open defecation still persist in the country which seeks to be counted as one of the superpowers. While some of the poor countries of the world fare better than India in terms of sanitation, it becomes essential to look beyond economic factors to understand the problem. The problems are manifold and appear in many dimensions. While sixty percent of population does not have access to toilet facilities, the instances of non-utilisation of existing toilet facilities are also reported. The non-utilisation of existing toilet facilities may range from planning related concerns to attitudinal issues. The planning or policy related concerns stem from problems related to maintenance of toilets, lack of plumbing and drainage facilities, lack of water and sewage systems etc. To understand these problems and the efforts to address them, critical evaluation of sanitation policies is needed. Sanitation policies and perceptions of masses towards sanitation practices can be complementary factors for cost of access to sanitation facilities. This paper seeks to look into the factors affecting inadequate sanitation facilities from a broader point of view focussing on policy and practices. The paper utilises secondary sources and a case study to unravel the factors and their interlink-ages. Special Issue on: Recent Advances in Biodegradation, Sanitation, and Bioremediation Editors: Soumya Chatterjee, Mukesh Kumar Meghvansi, and Vijay Veer
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2015
In this paper we have attempted to unravel the disparity in sanitation facilities across rural and urban regions of Indian states and the impact of sanitation on health outcomes. Based on the 69th National Sample Survey data set which covers more than 95 000 households we find a wide disparity in the access to sanitation facilities across rural and urban areas of Indian states and across states. While the north-eastern and southern states perform better in sanitation indicators, the eastern and central part of India performs poorly. So far as the relationship between the sanitation and health outcome is concerned our analysis shows that better sanitation facilities do have a positive impact on the health outcomes. From our analysis of four diseases (stomach problem, malaria, skin diseases and fever) that are more caused due to sanitation facilities we observed that better sanitation facilities in terms of access to toilets and bathroom access to regular safe drinking water, practice...
Challenges of Sanitation Improvement in Indian Urban Areas
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2018
Infrastructure development meets the needs of human society effectively. It has been established through extensive research that infrastructure services represent the living standard of citizen on the global landscape. Adequate sanitation, together with good hygiene and safe water, are fundamental to good health and to social and economic development. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), substandard sanitation and inadequate access to clean drinking water are the cause of over 1.7 million deaths each year, approximately one-third of which occur in Africa and one-third in South Asia. The urgency of this public health crisis has found expression in the UN Millennium Development Goals (MGD). To improve the sanitation condition and achieve MGDs, Gov. of India has launched the National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) in 2008 and swatch Bharat Mission in 2014. This paper talks about the existing condition and challenges of sanitation in India.
Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities, 2019
In the present era of development, most of the cities in India are characterized by congestion, inadequate water supply and sanitation, which in turn affect the health of urban people. The objectives of this study are to examine spatial distribution of water and sanitation conditions and its association with morbidity with using NSSO 69th round data. In the urban India, 90.8% Households have accessibility of water, 90.6% Households have latrine facility, 83.3% Households have bathroom facility, 60.4% Households have closed, 27.4% open, and 12.5% not have drainage system, 73.3% waste water disposed in drainage system and 59.7% garbage dumped at dumping sites. Odds ratios reveal statistically significant association between good housing, water and sanitation condition with lower disease prevalence. Households with unsafe drinking water are more likely to have any skin problem (OR: 1.49) and fever other than malaria (OR: 1.22) compared to those with safe drinking water. Findings of the...