Potential uses of Lannea kerstingii seed and seed oil (original) (raw)
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The chemical composition, main physicochemical properties, and nutritional value of seed flour and seed oil of Lannea kerstingii were studied. The results indicated that seeds contained 3.61% moisture, 57.85% fat, 26.39% protein, 10.07% carbohydrates, and 2.08% ash. Potassium was the predominant mineral, followed by magnesium and calcium. The essential amino acids were at higher levels than the estimated amino acid requirements of FAO/WHO/UNU except for lysine. Fatty acid composition showed that oleic acid was the major fatty acid, followed by palmitic, linoleic, and stearic acids. Physicochemical properties of the seed oil were melting point, 19.67 ∘ C; refractive index (25 ∘ C), 1.47; iodine value, 60.72/100 g of oil; peroxide value, 0.99 meq. O 2 /kg of oil; í µí±-anisidine value, 0.08; total oxidation (TOTOX) value, 2.06; oxidative stability index (120 ∘ C), 52.53 h; free fatty acids, 0.39%; acid value, 0.64 mg of KOH/g of oil; saponification value, 189.73. Total amount of tocopherols, carotenoids, and sterols was 578.60, 4.60, and 929.50 mg/kg of oil, respectively. í µí»¾-Tocopherol (82%), lutein (80%), and í µí»½-sitosterol (93%) were the most abundant forms of tocopherols, carotenoids, and sterols, respectively. Seeds of L. kerstingii constitute an alternative source of stable vegetable oil and protein for nutritional and industrial applications.
Biochemical Analysis of Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) Seed and Seed Oil
Food Science and Technology, 2024
Lannea microcarpa called also African grape is a fruit species known to the entire population but very little valued for the nutritional richness of its seeds. This study aims to conduct a biochemical characterization of L. microcarpa seeds and seed oil. Samples were collected from South Central Burkina Faso. Phytochemical screening was carried out using AOAC official method and biochemical analysis of the seeds and seed oil was performed using LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical assay for both methanolic and n-hexane extracts of the seed oil. The phytochemical screening revealed that the seeds contain alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, tannins, and triterpene sterols. The physicochemical parameters showed moisture values of 2.54%, ash (2.84 ± 0.00%), crude fat (60.95 ±1.24%), acid number (5.24 ±0.00 mg KOH/g), oleic acid (2.62 ±0.19%), carbohydrate (15.11 ± 0.04%) and crude protein (18.55 ±0.35%). The content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (55.64%) exceeds the quantity of saturated fatty acids. The seeds contain approximately 6% essential amino acids, with leucine being the most abundant at a concentration of 12,532.01 ±0.08 mg/kg. The seeds have fivemain minerals and 17 trace elements, with phosphorus being the most prevalent (36.40%). The ratio of phosphocalcic (Ca/P) was less by 0.3 compared to the suggested values of 1.5 and 2 for animal nutrition. The Ca/Mg ratio (0.7) was nearly at the recommended value of 1. The Na/K ratio (0.4) was within the limit of 1 not being exceeded. The seed exhibits significant antioxidant activity, with the methanol extract (220 ± 25 μg/mL) showing a higher effect than the n-hexane extract (1001.4 ±42 μg/mL). The composition of the seed and its oil could have potential nutritional and medicinal benefits.
Article Characteristics, Composition and Oxidative Stability of Lannea microcarpa Seed and Seed Oil
2014
The proximate composition of seeds and main physicochemical properties and thermal stability of oil extracted from Lannea microcarpa seeds were evaluated. The percentage composition of the seeds was: ash (3.11%), crude oil (64.90%), protein (21.14%), total carbohydrate (10.85%) and moisture (3.24%). Physicochemical properties of the oil were: refractive index, 1.473; melting point, 22.60°C; saponification value, 194.23 mg of KOH/g of oil; iodine value, 61.33 g of I 2 /100 g of oil; acid value, 1.21 mg of KOH/g of oil; peroxide value, 1.48 meq of O 2 /kg of oil and oxidative stability index, 43.20 h. Oleic (43.45%), palmitic (34.45%), linoleic (11.20%) and stearic (8.35%) acids were the most dominant fatty acids. Triacylglycerols with equivalent carbon number (ECN) 48 and ECN 46 were dominant (46.96% and 37.31%, respectively). The major triacylglycerol constituents were palmitoyl diolein (POO) (21.23%), followed by dipalmitoyl olein (POP) (16.47%), palmitoyl linoleyl olein (PLO) (12.03%), dipalmitoyl linolein (PLP) (10.85%) and dioleoyl linolein (LOO) (9.30%). The total polyphenol and tocopherol contents were 1.39 mg GAE g −1 DW and 578.56 ppm, respectively. γ-Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (437.23 ppm).
Characteristics, Composition and Oxidative Stability of Lannea microcarpa Seed and Seed Oil
The proximate composition of seeds and main physicochemical properties and thermal stability of oil extracted from Lannea microcarpa seeds were evaluated. The percentage composition of the seeds was: ash (3.11%), crude oil (64.90%), protein (21.14%), total carbohydrate (10.85%) and moisture (3.24%). Physicochemical properties of the oil were: refractive index, 1.473; melting point, 22.60°C; saponification value, 194.23 mg of KOH/g of oil; iodine value, 61.33 g of I 2 /100 g of oil; acid value, 1.21 mg of KOH/g of oil; peroxide value, 1.48 meq of O 2 /kg of oil and oxidative stability index, 43.20 h. Oleic (43.45%), palmitic (34.45%), linoleic (11.20%) and stearic (8.35%) acids were the most dominant fatty acids. Triacylglycerols with equivalent carbon number (ECN) 48 and ECN 46 were dominant (46.96% and 37.31%, respectively). The major triacylglycerol constituents were palmitoyl diolein (POO) (21.23%), followed by dipalmitoyl olein (POP) (16.47%), palmitoyl linoleyl olein (PLO) (12.03%), dipalmitoyl linolein (PLP) (10.85%) and dioleoyl linolein (LOO) (9.30%). The total polyphenol and tocopherol contents were 1.39 mg GAE g −1 DW and 578.56 ppm, respectively. γ-Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (437.23 ppm).
Seed oil fatty acids of loasaceae�A new source of ?-linolenic and stearidonic acids
J Amer Oil Chem Soc, 2004
The pharmaceutically interesting ∆6-FA 18:3∆6c, 9c,12c (γ-linolenic acid) and 18:4∆6c,9c,12c,15c (stearidonic acid) appear to have evolved independently several times during plant phylogenetic evolution. They typically occur in "clusters" of a few closely related species or genera in about a dozen different plant families throughout the plant kingdom. A hithertounknown "cluster of occurrence" has now been discovered in the New World plant family Loasaceae. γ-Linolenic and stearidonic acids occur exclusively in representatives of the newly described genus Nasa at significance levels of between 3 and 10% each. Nasa had recently been separated from the older, more broadly circumscribed genus Loasa. The two ∆6-FA were not found in the closely related genus Loasa sensu stricto, nor in a number of other representatives of Loasaceae.
Physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of Lagneraria siceraria seed oil
Oil was extracted from the dehulled seeds of Lagneraria siceraria (bottle gourd) and analysed for physico-chemical properties as well a fatty acid composition. Standard procedures were employed in all analysis. The seed oil was liquid at room temperature with percentage yield (23.65%). It was characterized in terms of specific gravity (0.918 g/cm 3), refractive index (1.34), viscosity (26.46 X 10 3 poise), melting point (11-14.5 °C), moisture content (0.18%), saponification value (203.36 mg KOH/g), unsaponifiable matter (7.13%), iodine value (46.1 g/100g), peroxide value (7.5 meq/kg), free fatty acid value (18.42%), acid value (60.02 mg KOH/g) and ester value (143.34 mg KOH/g). The oil is classified as non-drying (iodine value ˂115 g/100 g). The peroxide value indicates that the oil is less prone to rancidity with iodine value less than 30meq/kg. The high saponification value qualifies it for use in the manufacture of soaps and shampoos. Four classes of fatty acid were identified in the oil: palmitic acid (C16:1) (13.5 ± 0.21), stearic acid (C18:1) (6.5 ± 0.96), oleic acid (C18:1) (11.6 ± 0.62) and linoleic acid (C18:2) (68.4 ± 0.13). Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the oil. The fatty acid content of the oil revealed that L. Siceraria seed oil could be a rich source of oil for domestic and industrial purposes if richly exploited.
Fatty Acids and Sterol Compounds of Seed Oils
Background: This study investigates fatty acids and sterol contents of some seeds used in Asian nutrition culture to prepare functional beverages, foods or fatty acids and sterols source. Objective: Current study presents an overview about some seeds as a valuable source for fatty acids and sterols extraction. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to quantify fatty acids and sterol contents and compare them to standard components. Different ash values, free amino acids, and soluble sugars were investigated. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was employed to detect the components. Inter-and intra-day variations, linearity of the calibration curves, and the CV of accuracy for fatty acids and sterols were generally within the acceptable ranges. Results: The total oil content of the seeds ranged from 0.04% to 7.39%, with blue skullcap seed yielding the highest percentage of oil. The stigmasterol and-sitosterol content of the oils ranged from 1.47 ± 0.03mg/100 g (canary grass seed oil) to 26.20 ± 0.40 mg/100 g (quince seed oil). The major monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-oleic acid-was present in Quercus brantii oil, canary grass, and Crataegus aronia seeds. Linoleic acid was the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in Entada rheedii (60.65 ±0.84%), canary grass (64.43±0.17%), and Cydonia oblonga seed oil (63.55 ±1.30%). Linolenic acid was the major fatty acid in the oil of blue skullcap (90.24 ±0.17%) and Lallemantia royleana seeds (85.18 ± 3.79%). Conclusion: Most of the detected seeds, especially S. lateriflora and L. royleana seeds were rich sources of phytosterols and essential fatty acids.
Minor Seed Oils II: Fatty Acid Composition of Some Seed Oils
Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel, 1985
Three seed oils, Achyranthes aspera, Cucumis callosus and Aberia caffra were examined and were found to contain the following acids (wt%): lauric (0.4,‐, 0.2), myristic (1.2, 0.6, 0.9), palmitic (18.6, 10.6, 25.9), stearic (4.4, 10.0, 3.9), arachidic (1.6, 1.6, 1.2), behenic (1.8, 0.6, 0.5), oleic (22.6, 17.5, 19.3), linoleic (49.4, 59.1, 48.1) respectively.
Comparism of Physico-Chemical Properties of Lagenaria Breviflora and Lagenaria Sicenaria Seed Oils
IOSR Journals , 2019
Leganariabreviflora and Leganariasiceraria fruits have been found to be alternative remedies in medicinebut there is little documentation of the oil from their seeds. This research was carried out to determine the composition of oils extracted from the two seeds, compare and ascertain the oils are edibile. Oils were extracted from dehusked seeds of the two samples,washed , sun dried, the dried seeds were blended into powdery forms and oil extraction was done using sohxlet extractor. The result showed that acid , Iodine,peroxide and free fatty acid values were slightly higher in Leganariabreviflora compared to L.siceraria which had higher content of unsaponifiable matter,peroxide and free fatty acids. It was also observed that L. breviflora seed oil had higher values of stearic acid(14.8 %) and oleic acid (13%).The oils are classified as non-drying because the iodine value is less than 115g/100g). The peroxide value indicates that the oil is less prone to rancidity with iodine value less than 30 meq/kg. The high saponification value qualifies it for use in the manufacture of soaps and shampoos. Four classes of fatty acid were identified in the oils of the studied samples ofLagenariasicerariaand Lagenariabreviflora respectively: Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acids observed in the two extracted oils.The low acid and peroxide values coupled with high linoleic acid level observed in Leganariasiceraria suggests that it will be a good source of edible oil, while Leganariabrevifloraoil may be useful in soap and surface coating industries.
Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Lantana and Sweet Pepper Seeds and Nabak Seed Kernels
Journal of Food Science, 2011
Chemical analysis was carried out on lantana (Lantana camara) and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds and nabak (Zizyphus spina-christi) seed kernels. The proximate analysis (on dry weight basis) of sweet pepper seeds, lantana seeds, and nabak seed kernels showed the following composition: moisture 70.95%, 17.27%, and 4.22%; ash 4.88%, 1.81%, and 3.51%; fat 19.57%, 11.0%, and 30.19%; crude protein 19.28%, 6.3%, and 38.2%; and carbohydrate 56.3%, 80.9%, and 28.1%, respectively. For minerals, potassium was the most abundant element, followed by phosphorus and sodium. Also, zinc, iron, copper, and manganese were detected. Analysis of amino acids revealed that the first limiting amino acid was valine, for both lantana and sweet pepper seeds, but it was threonine for nabak seed kernels. Antinutritional compounds, including, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor, and tannins, were detected in all seeds. Results of fatty acid compositions showed that the major fatty acid was oleic acid in both lantana (48.73%) and nabak oils (53.25%), but it was linoleic acid in sweet pepper oil (71.55%). Moreover, the degree of unsaturation of these oils was close to that of common vegetable oils. In all oils, there was absorbance in the ultraviolet (UV)-B and UV-C ranges with potential for use as broad spectrum UV protectants. It can be inferred that the seeds investigated are good sources of crude fat, crude protein, ash, carbohydrate, and some minerals. Furthermore, the oil extracts could be useful as edible oils and for industrial applications.